1) the enteric nervous system regulates much of the digestive activity, but its action
depends on the central nervous system.
2) some antibodies against foreign antigens can react to similar self-antigens, causing
an autoimmune disease.
3) transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.
4) hypovolemia refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal
osmolarity.
5) the skin carries out the first step in the synthesis of vitamin d.
6) pattern baldness is relatively rare in women because women have lower testosterone
levels than men.
7) nitric oxide (no) acts as a neuromodulator by altering synaptic function.
8) the systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.
9) both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the
stomach.
10) excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane
shape.
11) embarrassment can be perceived by an abnormal coloration of the skin called
cyanosis.
12) the autonomic effect on a target cell depends only on the neurotransmitter reaching
that target cell.
13) what is an ovulated egg more technically referred to as?
a. a primary oocyte
b. a secondary oocyte
c. a primary follicle
d. a secondary follicle
e. a tertiary follicle
14) the frank-starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to
__________.
a. the end-systolic volume
b. the end-diastolic volume
c. the afterload
d. the heart rate
e. contractility
15) the terms physics, physiology, and physician come from a term that __________
proposed to distinguish natural causes from supernatural causes.
a. hippocrates
b. plato
c. schwann
d. aristotle
e. avicenna
16) the lungs receive a systemic blood supply by way of which vessel(s)?
a. right pulmonary artery
b. left pulmonary artery
c. pulmonary veins
d. bronchial arteries
e. lobar arteries
17) each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. which one
has them in correct order from lumen to external surface?
a. lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
b. serosa, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa
c. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa, lamina propria
d. mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria
e. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria, serosa
18) normal urine from a healthy person should notcontain __________.
a.creatinine
b.urobilin
c.glucose
d.ammonia
e.magnesium
19) which of the following is the proper sequence by which proteins are digested by
different enzymes?
a. pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase
b. pepsin, trypsin, dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase
c. trypsin, pepsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase
d. trypsin, pepsin, dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase
e. dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase, pepsin, trypsin
20) t cells achieve immunocompetence in the __________.
a. bone marrow
b. bloodstream
c. spleen
d. thymus
e. liver
21) which of the following is not ananatomical component of a synovial joint?
a.articular cartilage
b.the joint cavity
c.the interosseous membrane
d.the fibrous capsule
e.the synovial membrane
22) the fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and
some have four, is an example of ____________ variation among organisms.
a. cellular
b. holistic
c. physiological
d. anatomical
e. reductionist
23) the joint between thel2 and l3 vertebraeis a __________.
a. synostosis
b. gomphosis
c. synchondrosis
d. symphysis
e. syndesmosis
24) which of the following muscles inserts on the head of the fibula?
a.extensor digitorum longus
b.tibialis anterior
c.popliteus
d.biceps femoris
e.semitendinosus
25) atp is the body’s most important form of long-term energy storage.
false
26) which of these is a cation? check all that apply.
_____ o2
_____ k+
_____ na+
_____ ca2+
_____ cl-
27) a person in his or her 90’s can increase muscle strength by two or three times with
40 minutes of isometric exercise per week.