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Where the European powers could not find ethnic groups with chiefs, they:
a. Permitted their colonists to settle.
b. Permitted democratic elections for chiefs.
c. Tended to place more of their officials "on the ground."
d. Tended not to colonize.
e. Created new ethnic groups and appointed chiefs.
The belief systems of modern Wiccans and neopagans are derived largely from:
a. Records made during the inquisition.
b. Traditions passed in secret since before Christianity appeared in Europe.
c. The writings of 19th and 20th century European authors.
d. Traditional practices shown to be successful in curing disease.
e. Traditional African and Asian religions.
The stability of the Asante state was built on an economy whose key items included:
a. Intensive agriculture and industrialization.
b. Shallow gold deposits and intensive agriculture.
c. Pastoralism and the slave trade.
d. Wide trade networks for luxury goods, especially in animal products.
e. A skilled and educated class of artisans and priests.
What is mana?
a. It is a religious council that makes decisions regarding community morality.
b. It is a Hindu term for priest.
c. It is religious energy that is believed to be in certain people or objects.
d. It is the sacred text of Buddhism that explains the various laws of the religious group.
e. It is a type of food that is consumed only during Jewish ceremonies in the temple.
Which of the following best defines the concept of enculturation?
a. It is the process of being born and raised within a human society.
b. It is a ritual in which the individual is formally introduced to society.
c. It is the process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group.
d. It is the outcome of two cultures coming into contact and adapting to each other.
e. It is the sum of all behaviors that an individual learns in childhood.
The nuclear family appears to be well adapted to:
a. Horticulture.
b. Pastoralism.
c. Warfare.
d. Intensive cultivation.
e. Industrialization.
A positive value of ethnocentrism for a society is that it:
a. Decreases the chance of war.
b. Helps members of a society bond together as a social unit.
c. Increases an individual's ability to act independently of others.
d. Results in a higher standard of living because of an emphasis on progress.
e. Increases equality between males and females within a society.
Genetic studies indicate:
a. Individual differences are greater than the sum of differences between groups.
b. Racial differences can be substantiated genetically.
c. Traits such as skin color are reliable means of classifying people.
d. Race is a biological construct and is useful only in science.
e. It is possible to determine how closely two individuals are related based on
observable features.
Material goods, natural resources, or information used to create other goods or
information is known as the:
a. Economic system.
b. Consumption resources.
c. Distributive resources.
d. Productive resources.
e. Economizing behavior.
The success of Gerald Murray's forestry projects in Haiti was based on:
a. Effective lobbying that caused American corporations to buy Haitian lumber.
b. Treating trees as a cash crop.
c. The support of key Haitian politicians.
d. The use of a key informant.
e. The fact that Murray was of Haitian ancestry.
For Muslims, wearing the hijab:
a. Varies substantially from culture to culture.
b. Is the same in all Muslim cultures since the Qur"an is the same sacred text.
c. Is generally required only of married women.
d. Is far more common in rural areas than in cities.
e. Is a practice that is rapidly disappearing.
Which of the following experienced the most radical change following European
colonization?
a. The Belgian Congo.
b. Yemen.
c. India.
d. The Dutch East Indies.
e. The Americas.
Once the Dutch started to trade in the Indian Ocean, they were rapidly able to establish
thorough political control over Java.
What do we call immigrants who maintain close relations with their home countries?
a. Native immigrants.
b. Transnationals.
c. Transmigrants.
d. Transients.
e. Consanguineal migrants.
Which of the following is a Rastafari belief?
a. The spirit of the Lord is contained in all mind-altering drugs.
b. Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law.
c. Handling snakes can prove that you are one of God's chosen people.
d. Earth is a prison planet but will be liberated when most people's consciousness is
raised sufficiently.
e. Haile Selassie, the former emperor of Ethiopia is the messiah.
In societies where accumulating material goods is difficult, the most likely exchange at
marriage is:
a. Dowry.
b. Bride service.
c. Bridewealth.
d. Money gifts.
e. No exchanges of gifts or services.
Matrilineal, matrilocal extended families were common in pre-modern China.
Which of the following statements about the past 100 years is correct?
a. It has seen less bloodshed and suffering than most previous eras.
b. It is probably the bloodiest century in human history.
c. There has been little bloodshed in the wealthy countries but a great deal in the poor
nations.
d. There has been little bloodshed in the poor nations but a great deal in the wealthy
nations.
e. There was a great deal of bloodshed during the cold war but international levels of
violence have greatly declined since then.
Peasants generally:
a. Own the land that they farm.
b. Support a wealthy, landowning class.
c. Have higher standards of living than horticulturalists.
d. Become landowners if they work hard enough.
e. Survive only by doing part time factory work for wages.
The ledger drawings are:
a. An example of how some Native Americans used art to record history and preserve
their identity.
b. Economic records of the Cheyenne Indians during the period of European conquest.
c. An example of the earliest form of cave paintings.
d. A group of African folktales translated into a series of paintings.
e. A way for Native American people to record events that only occurred outside of
their particular group.
The major areas of pastoralism are found in:
a. East Africa, the Australian desert, and the Canadian arctic.
b. North America, the highlands of South America, and the Pacific Islands.
c. East Africa, Southwest Asia, and the Subarctic.
d. Eastern Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa.
e. South American tropical forests, the Australian desert, and North Africa.
Transnationalism is:
a. The pattern of close ties and frequent visits between immigrants and those remaining
in their home country.
b. The pattern of immigrating to a new country.
c. The pattern of splitting time equally between two countries.
d. The pattern of creating new ties in the country an immigrant has migrated to.
e. The pattern of migrating nuclear family members to a new country.
The kinship classification systems that emphasize the importance of the unilineal kin
group are:
a. The Eskimo, the Omaha, and the Hawaiian.
b. The Sudanese and the Crow.
c. The Iroquois and the Hawaiian.
d. The Crow, the Omaha, and the Iroquois.
e. The Sudanese and the Eskimo.
The anthropologist Victor Turner described communitas as:
a. A state of equality and oneness.
b. The sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of the heartless world.
c. The result of overly rigid social controls.
d. The result of the desire for increased structure in society.
e. The search for life after death.
Sociolinguistics is helpful to anthropologists in understanding culture because:
a. People's speech varies depending on their position in a social structure or social
relationship.
b. Speech is a constant, while social structure is variable.
c. Speech is always consistent within a social group.
d. The ways in which people speak determine their position in the social structure.
e. The distribution of irregular verbs can indicate the relative importance of different
actions in a cultural system
A critical problem faced by the Na is:
a. Dealing with a culturally powerful Chinese government that disapproves of Na
practices.
b. Continual food shortages.
c. The fact that children rarely know who their parents really are.
d. The fact that their marriage system is unnatural and therefore difficult to sustain.
e. Constant conflict between fathers who want rights to their children and mothers who
deny fathers such rights.
Bhangra is linked most tightly to identity in which cultural area?
a. British and French.
b. South Asia.
c. Middle Eastern.
d. Southern African.
e. Eastern Brazil.
There are many people in the United States who resist capitalism. Some common ways
they do so are:
a. Joining unions.
b. Telecommuting.
c. Becoming college professors.
d. Starting their own small companies.
e. Garage sales, hunting, and gardening.
During the Cold War of 1945-1989:
a. The economic problems of people in poor nations were largely ignored.
b. Peace was maintained almost everywhere in the world by the balance of power
between the United States and the Soviets.
c. People in the world's poor nations fought proxy wars with money and weapons
supplied by the United States and the Soviet Union.
d. People in the poor nations were largely free to construct their own economic and
political systems in response to local tradition and condition.
e. The Soviet Union and the United States focused almost all their attention on Asia and
only rarely intervened in African nations.
With regard to the stability of a marriage, bridewealth payments:
a. Have no effect.
b. Have a destabilizing effect.
c. Tend to stabilize marriages.
d. Make it easier for a husband to leave his wife than for her to leave him.
e. Make it easier for a wife to leave her husband than for him to leave her.
The extended family seems to have clear advantages:
a. In stable cultivating societies where ownership of land is important.
b. In hunting and gathering societies living on the margins of existence.
c. In industrial societies with large urban populations.
d. In socialist rather than capitalist societies.
e. Where marriage is a matter of free choice rather than arrangement.
Individuals who serve as guides and teachers for anthropologists in the culture in which
they do fieldwork are called by all of the following terms except:
a. Consultants.
b. Managers.
c. Interlocutors.
d. Informants.
e. Respondents.
In anthropology, the term "priest" refers to:
a. Anyone who considers themselves a true believer in any religion.
b. A member of the Catholic clergy.
c. A religious leader who claims to be able to personally converse with God.
d. Someone who has made a life-long study of religion.
e. A person formally elected, appointed, or hired to a full-time religious office.
Clans have more domestic and economic functions than religious functions.
In 1926, the French abolished a law that permitted an annual draft of labor for their
West African colonies.
Why is repatriation of historical artifacts controversial?
What is the importance of a speech community for a human child?
What widespread characteristics might we expect to find associated with the idea of
maleness cross-culturally?
Religious symbols generally have a single meaning for all members of a religion.
In a caste system, children are the same caste as both of their parents.
Anime is Japanese comic book art.
In Minangkabau culture, once a son gets married he no longer remains a kinsmen of his
original matrihouse.
Today, virtually all anthropologists rely on Boas' basic and fundamental insights into
the discipline.
A subculture is a group that has differing values and beliefs from the dominant culture
in the same society.
What are the three components of economics?
The main reason for rapid European success in the Americas was disease.
How would you best describe a neo-Marxist theoretical approach?
All anthropologists agree that culture is a shared set of norms and values.
Name three principles of North Indian kinship that are not usually found in U.S.
kinship.
