Men and women today are __________ than in previous generations.
A) more certain about how to rear children
B) less likely to place a high priority on parenting
C) less certain about how to rear children
D) more likely to place a high priority on parenting
When it comes to dietary fat, the best suggestion is
A) do not consume it.
B) to eat less fat of all kinds.
C) to substitute saturated fat for unsaturated fat.
D) to eat it but exercise immediately afterwards.
In left-handed people, the
A) right hemisphere always handles spatial abilities.
B) cerebral cortex may be less clearly specialized than in right-handed people.
C) left hemisphere is always responsible for positive emotion.
D) left hemisphere is always responsible for verbal abilities.
A recent survey indicates that U.S. fathers under age 29 devote about _____ percent as
much time as mothers do to children.
A) 35
B) 50
C) 70
D) 85
The leading cause of blindness among older adults is
A) a decline in binocular vision.
B) cataracts.
C) macular degeneration.
D) cell loss in the optic nerve.
Within the __________ view of development, new ways of understanding and
responding to the world emerge at specific times.
A) discontinuous
B) nature
C) continuous
D) nurture
G. Stanley Hall regarded development as a __________ process.
A) maturational
B) nonnormative
C) psychosocial
D) social learning
Research on mathematical abilities in adolescence shows that
A) American boys and girls reach advanced levels of high school math study in equal
proportions.
B) American boys are three times as likely as girls to reach advanced levels of high
school math study.
C) American girls are twice as likely as boys to reach advanced levels of high school
math study.
D) most parents believe that boys and girls are equally skilled at advanced math.
What advice can you offer parents who want to reduce their newborn son’s discomfort
during circumcision?
A) Offer a sugar solution while gently holding the baby.
B) Stimulate the Babinski reflex.
C) Newborns have a low sensitivity to pain, so interventions are unnecessary.
D) Play loud music to distract the baby.
Heidi is shown 16 flowers, 4 of which are blue and 12 of which are red. Asked, “Are
there more red flowers or flowers?” Heidi, a preoperational child, responds, “More red
flowers.” This problem demonstrates Heidi’s difficulty with
A) animistic thinking.
B) egocentrism.
C) hierarchical classification.
D) magical thinking.
Cindy, age 48, cares for her two teenage sons and her ailing mother-in-law. Along with
her mother, she is one of a handful of caregivers for her elderly grandmother. Cindy
belongs to the __________ generation.
A) sandwich
B) me
C) kinkeeper
D) squeezed
Creative accomplishment tends to peak in the __________ and then decline, but with
considerable variation across individuals and disciplines.
A) early twenties
B) late twenties or early thirties
C) late thirties or early forties
D) late forties or early fifties
__________ increases the chance of sibling conflict.
A) Low emotional reactivity
B) Maternal warmth towards both children
C) Low activity level
D) Lack of parental involvement
Which of the following individuals is the most likely to be a smoker?
A) Thad, a high school graduate
B) Thelma, an Asian immigrant
C) Troy, a high school dropout
D) Trista, a college dropout
Cross-cultural research shows that
A) compared to Western countries, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan devote fewer resources to
education.
B) Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese parents and teachers regard native ability as key to
academic success.
C) Asian parents devote many more hours than American parents to helping their
children with homework.
D) compared to U.S. public schools, Asian schools are far more regimented.
African-American and Chinese immigrant elders are more likely than their Caucasian
counterparts to use
A) reminiscence to revive bitter events.
B) affect optimization to minimize positive emotion.
C) gerotranscendence to teach younger generations about the past.
D) reminiscence to teach others about the past.
Research on heritability suggests that
A) heritability of personality does not increase over the lifespan.
B) genetic factors play only a minimal role in personality.
C) heritability of personality increases drastically over the lifespan.
D) heritability of intelligence does not increase over the lifespan.
Robust centenarians tend to
A) have a stocky build.
B) exhibit a Type A personality style.
C) have little to no history of community involvement.
D) be toughminded.
A major obstacle to the implementation of an apprenticeship program that even
Germany has not overcome is
A) ensuring cooperation between schools and businesses in order to provide students
with a satisfactory experience.
B) overcoming the reluctance of employers to assume responsibility for vocational
training.
C) the tendency to assign males and females to traditional, gender-typed placements.
D) preventing low-SES youths from being concentrated in the lowest-skilled
apprenticeship placements.
Glaucoma
A) literally means “old eyes.”
B) involves changes in the vitreous of the eye.
C) typically progresses without noticeable symptoms.
D) is caused by neural changes in the visual system.
Michael is a young adult who is trying out life possibilities, gathering important
information about himself and his environment, and moving toward making enduring
decisions. In doing so, Michael is probably
A) identity foreclosed.
B) having an identity crisis.
C) in moratorium.
D) forging an organized self-structure.
Once formed, identity
A) continues to be refined in adulthood as people reevaluate earlier commitments and
choices.
B) remains stable throughout the lifespan.
C) tends to be rigid, which can drastically limit adolescents’ choices.
D) prevents people from questioning their values and priorities.
Nearly _____ percent of Americans approve of assisted suicide for terminally ill
patients in great pain.
A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60
High-hardy individuals are likely to
A) use active, problem-centered coping strategies in situations they can control.
B) use emotion-centered and avoidant coping strategies.
C) avoid seeking social support because they believe they can solve problems
independently.
D) deny that a stressful event occurred, or eat and drink to forget about it.
School-age children use frequent __________ in their self-descriptions.
A) social comparisons
B) negative comments
C) positive comments
D) gender stereotyping
Which of the following statements about mature academics is true?
A) They tend to devote more energy to new discoveries.
B) They usually focus on generating unusual products.
C) They tend to favor writing memoirs and histories of their field.
D) They tend to focus on egocentric concerns.
In Western nations, there has been an especially dramatic increase in cohabitation
among
A) low-SES adults.
B) well-educated young people.
C) never-married adults.
D) deeply religious young people.
G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,
A) discovered that prenatal growth is strikingly similar in many species.
B) launched the normative approach.
C) constructed the first standardized intelligence test.
D) were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory.
Wanda, age 77, has difficulty shopping for and preparing her food and paying her bills.
Wanda needs help with
A) instrumental activities of daily living.
B) primary activities of active functioning.
C) activities of daily living.
D) secondary activities of active functioning.
Some evidence suggests that __________-American families may better prepare girls
for menarche, treat it as an important milestone, and express less conflict over girls
reaching sexual maturity.
A) Caucasian
B) Japanese
C) African
D) Chinese
In middle childhood, __________ contributes to the development of trust and
sensitivity.
A) friendship
B) informal peer group membership
C) peer conformity
D) formal group membership
Baby Kataro frequently experiences joint attention. This means that he will probably
A) have a short attention span.
B) be a late talker.
C) produce meaningful words earlier.
D) comprehend less language.
Which of the following statements about advance medical directives is true?
A) They are not recognized in the United States or Canada.
B) U.S. states recognize two types of advance directives: a living will and a durable
power of attorney for health care.
C) They guarantee personal control for terminally ill patients and those in persistent
vegetative states.
D) A living will is more flexible than a durable power of attorney for health care.
__________ is the first depth cue to which infants are sensitive.
A) Motion
B) Binocular depth cue
C) Pictorial depth cue
D) The visual cliff
Compare and contrast attitudes regarding cohabitation in the United States and Western
Europe.
Describe kinship studies, and explain how they are used in the field of developmental
science.
Discuss three educational principles derived from Piaget’s theory that continue to have a
major impact on both teacher training and classroom practices, especially during early
childhood.
How can adults foster preschoolers’ language development?
What is a person”environment fit? How does this concept apply in late adulthood?
Describe the contributions and limitations of behaviorism and social learning theory to
the scientific study of human development.
Describe the ways that sibling relationships typically change in midlife.
Define acculturative stress. How can society help minority adolescents resolve identity
conflicts constructively?
Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the
balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to
cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.
How does psychological stress affect health in early adulthood?
Discuss the concept of gerotranscendence.
Describe the limitations of concrete operational thought.
Discuss the concept of role overload. What workplace supports are available to reduce
role overload?
How does acting improve memory in older adults?
What is hardiness? How do hardy individuals cope with stress?
Describe the developmental sequence of the cognitive play categories. Give examples
of each.