Which of the following is not a subsystem of language?
a. Symbology.
b. Phonology.
c. Morphology.
d. Syntax.
e. Semantics.
A fundamental principle of language is that:
a. The more phonemes a language has, the more different ideas can be expressed in it.
b. The more material goods a culture has, the more talkative its members will be.
c. Oppressed groups rarely contribute words to the language of their oppressors.
d. Language always reflects the history of those who use it.
e. The more primitive a culture, the more likely its members are to be dependent on
senses such as smell and hearing rather than language.
In terms of political stability, state societies are:
a. The most unstable type of political system.
b. Necessarily vigilant at all times for signs of threat to elite authority.
c. Built on consensus with no need to solidify themselves through violent or coercive
action.
d. Most effective when different ethnic groups are given opportunities to fully express
their ethnic cultures.
e. Unlikely to survive when they have large populations of indigenous peoples.
A prop often seen in paintings of Middle Eastern domestic scenes is:
a. Bread being baked.
b. Washing being done.
c. Women getting undressed.
d. People smoking the hookah.
e. Women playing with their children.
Calligraphy is an important art form in Islam because:
a. Muslims have exceptionally good handwriting.
b. It visually represents the Koran.
c. Letter writing was the most important traditional form of communication between
individuals.
d. The Koran is a written document.
e. Art has not traditionally been important in the Arab culture.
One piece of evidence that supports a Freudian interpretation for male rites of passage
is that:
a. They occur in all societies.
b. They are more common in cultures in which boys have strong identification with
their mothers.
c. The imagery used in them seems to be closely associated with dreams.
d. They involve elements of repression and reaction formation.
e. Many of the themes they express seem closely tied to the id.
All of the following statements about the understanding of culture in anthropology are
correct except:
a. Culture is biologically and genetically transmitted from person to person.
b. Culture is the way of life of a particular human society.
c. Culture is the learned behaviors and symbols that allow people to live in groups.
d. Culture is the primary way that human adapt to their environments.
Among extensive cultivators, one of the key factors that determines whether land will
be considered exclusive and defended is:
a. Contact with Western cultures (societies that have Western contact defend, others do
not).
b. The types of crops planted (lands where tree crops are planted are defended but root
crops are not).
c. The presence of irrigation works (lands with such works are defended, others are
not).
d. The presence of warrior societies (cultures with warrior societies defend lands, others
do not).
e. The relationship of land and population (societies with high population density
defend lands, others do not).
Conflict is likely to be found:
a. Only in large scale industrialized societies.
b. Only in societies that have capitalist economic systems.
c. Only in societies that have a social hierarchy and separation into classes or castes.
d. Only in societies that claim to have principles of equality but do not follow them.
e. In all sorts of societies.
In a society that is characterized by age grades:
a. Chiefs control all of the critical material resources.
b. People follow a well-ordered progression through a series of age-related life stages.
c. Rituals are rarely necessary.
d. People who lack the necessary skills to progress to the next grade are cast out of
society.
e. People are very unlikely to make significant investments in warfare.
Which of the following best illustrates why applied anthropology is important today?
a. It helps us understand which cultures are superior.
b. It contributes to our understanding of the evolution of human beings.
c. It provides new forms of technology and new ways of coordinating populations.
d. It creates the basis for world peace.
e. It opens up new perspectives and insights in understanding our human differences.
For Rastas, the use of I-centered words emphasizes:
a. The importance of the individual in the world.
b. The importance of vision as the most important of the senses.
c. The personal nature of meaning in Reggae.
d. The radical equality of all people.
e. Their history of protest against the Jamaican government.
The Ju”hoansi people of Nambia are an example of how the spread of AIDS is
influenced by:
a. Environmental conditions.
b. Government prevention programs.
c. Economic conditions.
d. An increase in sex work.
e. Religious extremism.
During the late 20th century:
a. The United States has become an increasingly dominant force culturally and socially
in the world.
b. Members of minority groups in the United States have moved to stronger economic
and political positions.
c. The world has become more and more a domain of nationalist strongholds.
d. White, Protestant, Northern European males have begun to have more power and
exert a more dominant force in national decision-making.
e. Immigrants are less connected with their homelands of origin, leaving them eager to
assimilate into United States culture.
A critical insight of medical anthropology is that:
a. Disease and medicine never exist independently from culture.
b. Diseases are universal, biological entities and have little relation to culture.
c. There is a single, universal medical model that is applicable to all cultures.
d. Although diseases may have different names and different treatments in different
cultures, the same diseases are present in all cultures.
e. Traditional cultures have a greater number of diseases that modern medicine
considers “psychological” than does modern culture.
Voluntary associations are most likely to emerge:
a. In hunting and gathering societies.
b. Among newly urbanized populations in agricultural societies.
c. As men’s cults in patrilineal societies.
d. In pastoral societies where farmers and pastoralists fight over land.
e. As groups fighting for women’s rights in male-dominated societies.
In their adaptation to their harsh environment, the Australian aboriginals survived by:
a. Expanding their population.
b. Using a wide variety of food sources.
c. Hunting big game animals.
d. Practicing vegetarianism.
e. Using effective rituals to increase their food supply.
All of the following are ways that globalization has affected anthropology except:
a. Anthropologists have become increasingly more politically engaged with indigenous
peoples.
b. Anthropologists have become more active in social action to defend minority
populations.
c. Anthropologists today are more focused on studying relationships and exchanges
between populations.
d. Studies today are more holistic and tend to focus on the particular and specific
characteristics of the societies in which the anthropologist is researching.
e. Anthropologists frequently collaborate with those they study in order to better
represent the culture and its changes.
An important method comparative linguists use to draw conclusions about the
relationship between two languages is:
a. Determining the amount of core vocabulary they share.
b. Establishing the biological relationship between the speakers of the languages.
c. Showing that the linguistic style of one group diffused to members of the other.
d. Examining the degree of intracultural variation in the languages.
e. Determining if they share complex and unusual words not found in other languages.
In woman/woman marriages:
a. The wife and her female husband always have sexual relations.
b. The woman husband always takes on masculine characteristics.
c. The woman husband is someone who for a variety of reasons no man wanted for a
wife.
d. The female husband may take on aspects of the male gender role such as
participating in male initiation rituals.
e. Wives with female husbands are always regarded as inferior and stigmatized.
Consanguine refers to kin that is:
a. Related by marriage.
b. Related by remarriage.
c. Related by matrilineal lines only.
d. Related by matrilineal lines only.
e. Related by blood.
Ethnobotany is:
a. The study of the way members of different cultures classify plants.
b. The study of the dietary habits of members of different cultures.
c. The use of words from other languages to describe plants in North American forests.
d. The method that anthropologists use to discover what is edible in any culture.
e. The study of the way members of different cultures understand health, sickness, and
healing.
Research on female initiation rites in New Guinea suggests that the principal idea
expressed in such rites is:
a. The duty of women to serve their husbands.
b. The secret ritual dominance of women over men in these societies.
c. The fact that even though they marry, their primary obligations are to their own
families, not their husbands’.
d. The principle of patrilineality.
e. The complementarity of male and female.
The effect of tourism on indigenous arts:
a. Is mixed; some traditional arts have prospered while many have deteriorated.
b. Always results in the deterioration and simplification of traditional art forms.
c. Has been minimal; Western tourists are not interested in the arts of indigenous
peoples.
d. Has resulted in the training of many indigenous artists in European art schools.
e. Has changed the ways in which artists are viewed in the industrialized nations.
Probably the most important way that migrants contribute to the places they leave are:
a. Remittances sent to family back home.
b. Reducing population pressure in these places.
c. Opening new possibilities for education in the places they leave.
d. Increasing the political stability of the places they leave.
e. Allowing traditional culture to continue in the places they leave.
Historically, the greatest source of environmental degradation has been:
a. Slash and burn farming practiced by traditional peoples.
b. Consumer desires and energy needs in wealthy nations.
c. Slash and burn farming practiced by modern peasants.
d. Traditional agriculture done without soil erosion control techniques.
e. Collection and burning of wood for cooking fires in large cities in poor nations.
One of the world’s most sexually repressed societies is the:
a. Inuit.
b. Irish of Inis Beag.
c. Peasant villages of Southern Spain.
d. Arapesh of New Guinea.
e. United States of America.
The vision quest generally includes:
a. The use of hallucinogenic drugs.
b. Physical suffering.
c. A long voyage in the company of an elder.
d. A belief that only the faithful will be saved.
e. Electric shock.
Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor were influenced deeply by the evolutionary
theories of:
a. Franz Boas.
b. Charles Darwin.
c. Bronislaw Malinowski.
d. Margaret Mead.
e. Carolus Linnaeus.
A sovereign, geographically based state that identifies itself as having a distinctive
national culture and historical experience is called a:
a. Ethnic enclave.
b. Ethnic state.
c. Nation-state.
d. Tribal state.
e. Bureaucracy.
Which of the following is most likely to occur in a society where polygyny is frequent?
a. The nuclear family.
b. The composite family.
c. A matrilocal residence rule.
d. Matrilineal inheritance.
e. Cross-cousin marriage.
Define industrialism as a subsistence strategy.
Is aging considered a burden to families in all societies? Use examples to illustrate your
answer.
Today, in an effort to better understand the foundations of violence, anthropologists
tend to remain as politically and socially isolated as possible during fieldwork.
Anthropologists working for government and industry often conduct secret research and
this poses no ethical challenges to the discipline.
Bhangra is a musical form that originated from Eastern European folk music.
Provide three possible explanations for cave art provided by archaeologists.
Why do functionalist anthropologists frequently compare cultures to biological
organisms?
What was meant by the concept of “White man’s burden”?
The most important ethical responsibility in anthropological fieldwork is to protect the
interests of the people whom you are studying.
Why is liminality considered part of anti-structure?
In Belize, there is a long tradition of national cuisine.
What is meant by “downward mobility”?
Sports can be considered an art form, because they involve the application of human
skill to behavior beyond the merely practical.
A typical “extended” family in rural Asia is unlikely to include more than five people.
Name the three social levels of a state society.
Global warming has made it easier for the Inuit to hunt year-round and has therefore
increased the number of Inuit living traditional lifestyles.
All humans live in cultures.
Based on her study of the favela of Olinda, Mary Kenny argues that ending child labor
will help to end poverty.
Discuss the art of Fritz Scholder as a marker of personal identity.