What is the primary goal of emic research?
a. Help insiders make more effective changes to their culture over time.
b. Help governments better manage minority populations.
c. Help outsiders determine which cultures are more effective in particular
environments.
d. Help insiders gain a better understanding of their own culture.
e. Help outsiders understand what it means to be a member of another culture.
Anthropologists who are interested in the ways in which people in different cultures
classify their world often use a theory called:
a. Structuralism.
b. Interpretive anthropology.
c. Ethnoscience.
d. Functionalism.
e. Sociobiology.
The Tohono O”odham oppose the construction of a border fence between Mexico and
the U.S. because:
a. They are Mexicans and want to have open access to both countries.
b. Their families live along the border, and their homes will be destroyed by its
construction because it is proposed along their settlement path.
c. They own the land where the border will be constructed and do not want to sell to the
U.S. government because it will leave them without territory.
d. They are concerned that their traditional way of life, including their rituals, will be
affected by the land closure.
e. They are revolutionaries who oppose the creation of a nation-state through territorial
boundaries.
Which of the following is the most accurate description of Margaret Mead’s impact on
the gender issues in cultural anthropology?
a. She had little impact; her books weren’t highly regarded.
b. Her work showed that gender was primarily a biological phenomenon.
c. Her work questioned the biologically determined nature of gender.
d. The fact that most of her work was about women showed that they were an important
part of culture.
e. Though ignored in the U.S., Mead’s work was hailed in Europe. Thus, gender studies
were far more advanced in Europe than in the U.S.
Most anthropologists would agree with the following statement about Yanomamo
warfare:
a. Their fighting is grounded in a biologically based human instinct for aggression.
b. Warfare among the Yanomamo is too complex a situation to ever be explained by
anthropologists.
c. Warfare is only of interest to anthropologists when it occurs in non-Western, tribal
societies.
d. Warfare only occurs in patrilineal, patrilocal societies such as the Yanomamo.
e. Yanomamo warfare intensified after contact with the West.
Anthropologists have become more sensitive to issues of voice and of power and have
begun to reflect more critically on their role as observer in another culture primarily as
a result of:
a. Reflectionist ethnology.
b. Franz Boas.
c. Feminist anthropology.
d. Collaborative ethnography.
e. Postmodernism.
When researchers tried to teach human language to chimpanzees and gorillas, they
found that:
a. These animals were incapable of using language in ways that resembled those used
by human beings.
b. While these animals were able to master the use of verbs, they were unable to
produce new words.
c. There was very little difference between the linguistic capacities of humans and our
nearest primate relations.
d. Language skills were never masterfully demonstrated in the chimpanzees or gorillas.
e. Language soon became as essential to the trained chimpanzees and gorillas as it is to
humans.
All of the following are social levels commonly created in state societies except:
a. Bureaucracy.
b. Peasant farmers.
c. Craftspeople.
d. Aristocracy.
e. Moot.
One effect of the economic and social policies of colonial regimes was:
a. Colonized cultures underwent radical alteration.
b. Europeans were able to learn and appreciate the cultures that were colonized.
c. Colonies rapidly became almost as advanced as colonizing nations.
d. To create a homogenized world culture.
e. To bring culture to primitive societies.
A tribal society:
a. Is a creation of Western colonial administrators and not naturally occurring.
b. Imagines all of its members to be related by kinship.
c. Is characterized by peaceful relations among its different segments.
d. Lacks any social mechanisms to hold its different units together.
e. Is constantly in a state of warfare.
Name two major differences between the American colonization experience and that of
Africa and Asia.
A kinship system in which the establishment of rights and obligations is based on both
maternal and paternal lines is called a:
a. Bilateral system.
b. Patrilineal system.
c. Clan system.
d. Lineage system.
e. Kindred system.
Picking up the “White Man’s Burden” meant:
a. Bringing civilization to the colonized.
b. Shipping slaves from Africa to the Americas.
c. Building factories and railroads.
d. Finding ways to invest the profits derived from colonialism.
e. Using force to control native populations under colonial rule.
According to Karl Marx, the basis of social stratification is:
a. The development of Protestantism in the 16th century.
b. The relationship of people to the means of production.
c. Prestige attached to occupations.
d. Wealth inherited from ancestors.
e. Sub-cultural differences.
The system used for classifying kin in the United States includes distinctions based on:
a. Generation, relative age, and collaterality.
b. Sex of linking relative, bifurcation, and generation.
c. Generation, consanguineal versus affinal kin, and sex of linking relative.
d. Bifurcation, relative age, and generation.
e. Consanguineal versus affinal kin, gender, and generation.
Which of the following ideas was promoted by Brazilian anthropologist Gilberto
Freyre?
a. Brazil should really be considered an African country.
b. Brazil should really be considered a European country.
c. Brazilian national identity was the result of mixing people of European, African, and
indigenous ancestry.
d. Races in Brazil should be allowed to develop their own cultures separately.
e. The relationship of races in Brazil could only be understood as a result of U.S.
imperialism.
Pierre Bourdieu coined the term habitus to mean:
a. Behavior that is acquired through individual and social experience.
b. Actions that are repeated within sacred rituals.
c. Places where humans reside.
d. Excess material goods that are discarded.
e. Modes of experience that individuals create without tradition.
Many linguists argue that there is a universal grammar. This is:
a. A set of words that means the same thing in every language.
b. A set of principles, conditions, and rules that underlie all languages.
c. A single word order in which different parts of speech must appear in all languages.
d. A simple way of speaking that can be understood by everyone all over the world.
e. An alphabet in which all languages and the sounds that make them up can be written.
What is the source of the problem between the indigenous Saami herders and the
Norwegian government?
a. The government of Norway wants to intervene in Saami herding and animal
ownership to make changes that they believe will be more efficient for both the Saami
and Norway.
b. The Norwegian government wants to conscript the Saami into their national army
and force them to become citizens of Norway. The Saami do not consider themselves to
be citizens.
c. The Saami do not want to continue their indigenous lifestyle and the Norwegian
government wants them to remain as herders for tourist purposes.
d. The Saami are trying to relocate to Sweden, which has better pastureland and better
land use laws, but the Norwegian government will not let them leave.
e. The Saami are reproducing at very high rates and the Norwegian government wants
to control for population pressure.
Which of the following practices is commonly found among the Navajo?
a. A woman’s children are considered legitimate members of the matriclan whether or
not she is married.
b. A man’s children are considered legitimate only if he resides with the woman for
more than one year.
c. Sexual activity is never permitted outside of marriage, and it is rare for children to be
born outside of wedlock.
d. Children are believed to belong to the tribe itself and are not members of any nuclear
family until they marry.
e. The patriclan of the tribe controls children and they are raised by the father’s family.
Ethnicity as a national issue in the United States has mainly been discussed in relation
to:
a. Indigenous peoples.
b. National origin of immigrants.
c. Gender.
d. Social class.
e. Religious adherence.
The profits of colonization primarily went to:
a. Shareholders of colonial companies.
b. The subject people (colonized).
c. The colonizing government.
d. Colonial taxpayers in both home country and colony.
e. Other colonies.
The process of movement of culture traits from one society to another is called:
a. Innovation.
b. Invention.
c. Diffusion.
d. Reintegration.
e. Sublimation.
Which of the following correctly compares energy consumption and environment in
wealthy and poor countries?
a. Wealthy countries consume more energy but have less polluted environments than
poor countries.
b. Poor countries consume less energy and have less polluted environments than
wealthy nations.
c. Wealthy nations consume more energy and have more polluted environments than
poor nations.
d. Poor nations consume more energy than wealthy nations but have more polluted
environments.
e. Poor and wealthy nations consume vastly different amounts of energy but have
environments that are approximately equally polluted.
Musical styles from cultures throughout the world is represented in:
a. Reggae.
b. World music.
c. African music and folklore.
d. The majority of Western music.
e. A small body of musical genres.
In the United States, although there are no formal endogamous rules, social groups tend
to be endogamous by:
a. Sex.
b. Race.
c. Hair color.
d. Nuclear family.
e. Extended family.
As the Kayapo of the Xingu River Basin in South America demonstrate, people in
non-industrial societies:
a. Do not understand their environment.
b. Have very simple methods for managing their resources.
c. Would be better off with modern technology.
d. Are committed to becoming modernized
e. Have adapted to their environments without the use of modern science.
Anthropologist J. Christopher Kovats-Bernat argues that when an anthropologist
pursues studies of “ethnography of violence,” the anthropologist and informant must
have what type of relationship between them?
a. Autonomy.
b. Self-preservation.
c. Respect.
d. Mutual advantage.
e. Mutual responsibility.
In what types of societies would you most expect to encounter sex/gender alternatives?
a. In industrial societies where there is little parental supervision.
b. In societies undergoing rapid change, because there is a need to constantly adjust
gender roles.
c. In societies where there is a great deal of warfare and no way to resolve conflict.
d. In societies where monogamy is the only option for marriage.
e. In societies where androgyny is considered sacred and powerful.
In Mexico, a cargo is:
a. The amount of a handicraft that can be produced in a single day.
b. The requirement that women carry water and cook food for the family.
c. The quantity of a crop that can be carried from field to village.
d. The obligation of a son-in-law to provide for his wife’s parents.
e. A religious office held for a year and requiring substantial financial outlay.
Besides providing social, cultural, and political perspectives on health, what else do
medical anthropologists do?
The study of the social use of space is called kinesics.
What are the four ideal types of political organization?
While Europeans practiced slavery in Africa, they rarely forced other Europeans into
any form of servitude.
What are the three primary problems with the biological concept of race as a category
of human classification?
Distinguish between sex and gender.
In many places, multinational corporations employ large numbers of female workers
because they are seen as more easily controllable than males.
The Elgin marbles have yet to be returned by the English government to the Greek
government.
What were the primary European goals of native education in the colonies?
A capital good is anything that is used to make something else.
Inuit children are protected from the harsh environment and physical challenges until it
is time for them to transition into adulthood.
What is a nkisi?
What is a millenarian movement?
How is sexual behavior also a cross-cultural value?
It is not necessary for every society to have an economic system.