Kyle pretends to drink from a toy cup. Kyle’s sister, Anna, takes the same cup and tells
him, “This is a hat.” Kyle refuses to place the cup on his head to pretend that it is a hat.
Kyle is probably
A)younger than 2 years of age.
B)at least 4 years old.
C)less than 1 year of age.
D)at least 6 years old.
Preschoolers’ self-concepts largely consist of
A)talents.
B)personality traits.
C)observable characteristics.
D)temperamental qualities.
Test designers use __________ to identify the various abilities that intelligence tests
measure.
A)normative data
B)observational studies
C)confidence intervals
D)factor analysis
Gregor, a high school senior, has begun taking creatine to enhance his performance on the
basketball court. Which of the following side effects are possible?
A)diabetes
B)brain seizures
C)damage to the reproductive organs
D)a loss in muscle power
Which of the following statements is supported by research on make-believe play?
A)Early make-believe is the combined result of children’s readiness to engage in it and
social experiences that promote it.
B)In cultures where make-believe play is more frequent with older siblings than with
mothers, the pretend play of toddlers is hindered.
C)Most episodes of make-believe play during toddlerhood occur when children are
playing with same-aged children.
D)Children are more likely to combine play schemes into complex sequences when
they are playing with agemates than when playing with caregivers.
Research on the Aka hunters and gatherers of Central Africa reveals that a strong
father-infant relationship is
A)related to the strong division of male and female duties in the tribe.
B)unrelated to the amount of time fathers spend near infants and toddlers.
C)unrelated to the father’s expressions of caring and affection.
D)due in great part to an unusually cooperative and intimate marital relationship.
The most effective interventions for childhood obesity are
A)family-based and focus on changing behaviors.
B)crash diets that are high in fiber and low in carbohydrates.
C)school-based programs that focus on physical activity.
D)sports that emphasize individual competition.
Which of the following factors contribute to boys’ gross-motor superiority?
A)genetic advantage and parental expectations
B)media exposure and superior agility
C)superior flexibility and girls’ lack of interest in athletics
D)boys’ high self-esteem and girls’ low self-esteem
Which of the following resources are shown to facilitate resilience in adolescents?
A)working a full-time job
B)early dating
C)parental monitoring
D)other-sex friendships
The cognitive-developmental perspective regards children as
A)passive learners of moral standards.
B)active thinkers about social rules.
C)blank slates with regard to morality.
D)prewired with moral compasses.
Greta has just been shown two boxes-a plain, unmarked box full of raisins and a familiar
marked raisin box that is empty. Next, Greta is asked to predict where another child will
look for raisins. This task assesses Greta’s understanding of
A)class inclusion.
B)conservation.
C)irreversibility.
D)false belief.
To sit next to her mother at a restaurant, Diana pushes her little brother Mark out of the
way. This is an example of __________ aggression.
A)hostile
B)physical
C)passive
D)relational
Laboratory research reveals that __________ is present at 6 weeks of age.
A)object permanence
B)deferred imitation
C)rational imitation
D)analogical problem solving
From the twentieth week until birth,
A)brain weight increases tenfold.
B)glial cells decrease at a rapid rate.
C)the fetus is viable.
D)brain growth slows.
Explain why teenagers have difficulty with decision making.
Describe Bowlby’s four phases of attachment.
Discuss sex differences in motor skills in early childhood.
Discuss school-age children’s spatial-reasoning skills as it relates to their understanding of
cognitive maps.
Explain why adolescence is extended in industrialized nations, including the three phases
of adolescence.
Cullen is a school-age boy living in the United States. Describe to Cullen’s parents the
periods of vocational development that he will pass through on his way to choosing a
career.
Meghan is approaching early adolescence. How will Meghan’s gender-typed behavior
likely change as she moves through adolescence? What factors will likely contribute to
these changes?
Discuss the involvement of fathers as it relates to attachment security. How do mothers and
fathers differ in their caregiving?
Describe the effects of exercise during pregnancy.
Twelve-year-old Tamika is a formal operational thinker. What are the major characteristics
of her thought processes?