If you have two parents with the genotype Aa, what is the chance that they will have an
offspring with the genotype AA?
a. 1/8
b. 1/2
c. 1/4
d. 1/16
Altruism at first was a puzzle to evolutionary biologists because
a. it should be more common in nature because it increases the fitness of recipients.
b. it should be more common in nature because it increases the fitness of species.
c. it should not be common in nature because it decreases the fitness of actors.
d. it should not be common in nature because it decreases the fitness of species.
Compare and contrast how primates differ from other mammals in each of the
following categories and give a specific example for each one: (a) limbs and
locomotion, (b) teeth and diet, (c) the senses, (d) the brain and intelligence, and (e)
behavior.
The plesiadapiforms
a. were alive during the Oligocene.
b. lived in forested habitats.
c. were the earliest mammals.
d. had teeth that were adapted to eat only fruits.
When sites and remains of Upper Paleolithic populations and Neanderthal populations
are compared, a greater percentage of the Upper Paleolithic people’s remains are from
older individuals. This implies that
a. Neanderthals lived longer lives.
b. modern humans lived longer lives.
c. Neanderthals buried fewer of their dead than modern did humans.
d. modern humans buried fewer of their dead than did Neanderthals.
Surprising findings regarding Ardipithecus ramidus include
a. limb proportions like those of modern great apes.
b. specialization for below-branch feeding.
c. limb proportions like those of monkeys.
d. hands that are similar to those of African apes.
When scientists use phylogenies to name species and classify them into hierarchical
categories, they create
a. systematics.
b. taxonomies.
c. macroevolution.
d. character displacement.
Aversions to inbreeding extend beyond our attitudes toward our own mating behavior to
include strong beliefs about appropriate mating behavior by other individuals. This
describes
a. third-party attitudes toward incest.
b. situations such as in kibbutzim, where the incest taboo is extended to agemates.
c. cultures where couples are betrothed as children and raised together like brothers and
sisters.
d. both b and c.
Some male soapberry bugs adjust their mate-guarding behavior in response to the local
environment. Males guard females more when
a. females are relatively abundant.
b. females are relatively scarce.
c. the sex ratio is skewed toward females.
d. the sex ratio is balanced.
The skull ________ invalidates the theory that robustness in the skull and teeth was a
derived state for the australopithecines.
a. WT 17000
b. OH 15
c. ER 1813
d. ER 1470
The Turkana
a. practice farming.
b. live in permanent settlements.
c. frequently engage in warfare.
d. have a hierarchical political system with a king.
The genetic data indicate that modern humans and Neanderthals
a. are more closely related to each other than either is to the Denisovan hominins.
b. must have never interbred.
c. may have interbred to a limited degree.
d. are represented by contemporary Papua New Guineans.
The earliest Australians are associated with
a. Acheulean tools.
b. sites dated to 75,000 years ago.
c. ceremonial burials and cremations.
d. Homo floresiensis.
The Adapidae were a group of early primates that
a. had smaller eye sockets than the Omomyidae.
b. were nocturnal.
c. were smaller than the Omomyidae.
d. had longer tarsal calcaneus bones than the Omomyidae.
The structure of DNA is that
a. of a series of intertwining chromosomes.
b. of a double-stranded molecule, consisting of four bases.
c. of a series of bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.
d. both b and c are correct.
Which of the following statements about ancient hominins is NOT true?
a. The use of fire to cook meat and tubers would have increased the foraging efficiency
of Homo ergaster.
b. Acheulean tools are made with Mode 2 methods.
c. Homo ergaster males were 20% to 30% smaller than females.
d. The Pleistocene epoch began 1.8 mya and was characterized by warmer
temperatures.
Macroevolution is
a. the formation of new species.
b. the death of individuals.
c. evolutionary change within a species.
d. the extinction of a species.
If parents and offspring resemble each other, similarities are likely due to
a. shared genes.
b. shared genes and environments.
c. shared environment and culture.
d. shared genes, environments, and culture.
Homo erectus shares which of the following characteristics with Homo ergaster?
a. Cranial features such as the sagittal keel
b. The mode of tools made
c. Where it lived
d. When it lived
Female fertility is greatest in
a. young females.
b. middle-age females.
c. older females.
d. primiparous females.
Evolutionary theory predicts that human males should choose females who
a. are older than they are.
b. have high reproductive value.
c. have had many sexual partners.
d. are not symmetrical.
Derived features of the Neanderthals include
a. thin limbs.
b. low, flat crania.
c. gracile faces.
d. large brains.
Redirected aggression refers to
a. deception during aggressive episodes to deflect an aggressor toward another
individual.
b. turning received aggression back onto an aggressor.
c. responding to a threat by attacking a lower-ranking individual who was not involved
in the original incident.
d. an ability only humans have.
Alternative splicing
a. allows the same DNA sequence to code for more than one protein.
b. allows prokaryote exons to be included in the genome of eukaryotes.
c. allows only certain sections of DNA to be copied.
d. allows a maximum of four exons to be attached to mRNA.
Early primates likely evolved to exploit new niches provided by
a. arboreality.
b. flowering plants.
c. the breakup of Pangaea.
d. insectivory.
Homo ergaster possessed many derived features shared by modern humans, including
a. a taller skull.
b. larger teeth.
c. no chin.
d. small, gracile muscles.
The hemoglobin S allele causes sickle-cell anemia. It occurs in high frequencies
a. where pastoralism is common.
b. where drift has been strong.
c. where malaria is common.
d. where hemoglobin is rare.
Imagine you are a female chimpanzee that likes to eat termites. This kind of food has to
be
a. gathered.
b. collected.
c. hunted.
d. extracted.
The discovery of Carpolestes simpsoni supports the idea that
a. the earliest primates were insect predators.
b. primate characteristics coevolved to facilitate leaping.
c. orbital convergence evolved after grasping hands and feet.
d. the earliest primates foraged on plant resources and insects at night.
Scientists should only use derived traits to construct phylogenies because
a. many fossil species retain only derived traits.
b. derived traits are under greater genetic control than are analogous and homologous
traits.
c. all organisms have homologous traits.
d. analogous and homologous traits do not tell us anything about close phylogenetic
relationships.
Which of the following is (are) example(s) of variation among groups?
a. The distribution of Tay-Sachs among Jewish populations.
b. Differences in body weight between parents and their offspring.
c. Variation in height for college basketball players.
d. Variation in height and weight for jockeys.
Neanderthals lived in
a. Europe only.
b. Europe and western Asia.
c. Asia only.
d. Africa and eastern Asia.
Modern human cranial capacity is usually at least
a. 900 cc.
b. 1,000 cc.
c. 1,350 cc.
d. 750 cc.