The Ojibwa coined the term okimakkan or “fake chief” when:
a. Since no male was available, a female had to assume the chief’s role.
b. An individual who was chief did not have the support of the people.
c. A chief was either under 15 years of age or older than 65.
d. Chiefs negotiated treaties with settlers that involved giving away traditional lands.
e. Outside governments insisted that the Ojibwa appoint a supreme leader.
In English, bit and pit have different meanings. Thus, /b/ and /p/ are:
a. Words.
b. Sounds.
c. Morphemes.
d. Structures.
e. Phonemes.
The role of Europe in the history of African slavery can be best summarized as:
a. African slavery was invented by Europeans.
b. African slavery was not invented by Europeans but was practiced by them on a very
large scale.
c. Europeans made extensive use of slave labor in Europe.
d. The presence of Europeans in the African slave trade generally improved the
treatment of slaves.
e. European powers enslaved far fewer Africans than did non-Europeans.
Many Hopi origin beliefs concern:
a. A ship that came from the East.
b. An epic battle between the forces of day and night.
c. A creator god who fashioned people in his own likeness.
d. A god who took yellow and white corn meal, and fashioned four men and four
women from it.
e. The digging stick and the techniques for farming blue corn.
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. There is no such thing as a cultural universal.
b. There are cultural universals, but there is no single explanation about how they
developed.
c. Anthropologists believe that cultural universals exist because at one time there was a
single human culture.
d. Periodically cultural universals occur, especially at points of evolution.
e. Human evolution could not occur without cultural universals.
Theoretical perspective is critical in anthropology because:
a. Theory does not tolerate diverse opinions.
b. It allows us to explore different perspectives.
c. Anthropology must be similar to other sciences.
d. Not every researcher is capable of understanding culture.
e. Anthropology is a democratic science.
In the Spanish understanding of bullfighting, the matador is:
a. An angry combatant who uses force to vanquish his enemy.
b. A male seeking revenge for an insult or infidelity.
c. An honorable male: skilled, self-controlled, and calm.
d. The passive victim of the forces of nature.
e. Demonstrating the principle that violence should always be met with violence.
The study of political processes focuses on:
a. The ways in which different groups within a society use power and authority to
achieve goals.
b. The written laws used to regulate behavior in complex societies.
c. National elections in democratic societies.
d. The origin of prehistoric state societies.
e. Informal means of social control in pre-state societies.
According to Caroline Brettell, migrants often come to their new nations with an
“ideology of return.” This means that:
a. They desire to send money back to the countries they have left.
b. They believe that their migration is temporary and that they will one day return to
their country of origin.
c. They wish to bring other members of their families to live in their new countries.
d. They generally have an “eye for eye” philosophy that is likely to result in success in
their new countries.
e. They have a commitment to the political beliefs of their old country that they rarely
shed.
In Western cultures dominated by capitalism, extremely high emphasis is placed on:
a. Status.
b. Family and kinship connections.
c. Wealth and material prosperity.
d. Reciprocal relations of gift giving.
e. Behaving appropriately for one’s social position.
Chinese factories hire dagongmei because:
a. They are a cheap source of labor.
b. They are likely to be better trained than other workers.
c. Since they are orphans, they are easily exploited.
d. The government provides extra cash incentives for companies that hire them.
e. They need to provide entertainment for their male workers.
Where the levirate and the sororate exist, they testify to the importance of:
a. Romantic love as a reason for getting married.
b. The emotional attachment between brothers and sisters.
c. The diffusion of this Judaic custom from its Middle Eastern origin.
d. Marriage as an alliance between families, rather than between individuals.
e. The unimportance of children as a reason for getting married.
How do contemporary pastoralists primarily obtain access to land for grazing?
a. Through contracts with landowners as they pass through areas.
b. Through legal documents that allow them permanent use rights.
c. Through labor exchange with agriculturalists as they pass through the areas.
d. Through warfare and acquisition of property as they migrate through areas.
e. Through inheritance of private property.
In general, where you find matrilineal descent groups, you also find:
a. Societies dependent on pastoralism.
b. Men do most of the housework.
c. Men go to live with their wife’s family after marriage.
d. Women hold almost all of the public political roles.
e. A woman is likely to be married to more than one man.
The Human Relations Area Files:
a. Does not allow for cross-cultural comparison.
b. Represents multiple researchers using a single perspective.
c. Involves multiple perspectives and indexed data.
d. Is no longer active today.
e. Is not available in computer searchable formats.
In agricultural societies, the principal form of resources is:
a. Capital.
b. Trade.
c. Labor.
d. Livestock.
e. Status.
The kinship system of the United States is most similar to that of:
a. The Eskimo.
b. The Yanomamo.
c. The Hawaiian.
d. The Hopi.
e. The Omaha.
Anthropologist Sara Castle has argued that Fulani parents seem indifferent to their
children because:
a. They cannot conceptualize their family size.
b. Fulani society looks down on children and sees pregnancy as embarrassing.
c. In such a patriarchal society, anything having to do with women is devalued and all
children are seen as associated with women rather than men.
d. They believe that showing concern for children will attract evil sorcerers or spirits.
e. They do not believe that individuals have souls until they reach puberty.
A female perspective on the Tiwi marriage system indicates that:
a. Tiwi women are totally dominated by their husbands.
b. There are no advantages for women in this marriage system.
c. Tiwi wives enjoy both sexual and social freedom.
d. Women benefit psychologically by having husbands much older than themselves.
e. There is no such thing as sexual egalitarianism in foraging societies.
The Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) is:
a. A database that provides cross-cultural data on a limited number of societies.
b. A database on all cultures involved in global warfare.
c. An institution that specializes in anthropological fieldwork.
d. A group of anthropologists that works in more than a single culture.
e. A database that provides cross-cultural data on all complex societies.
One result of the increased globalization of food is:
a. The revival of the family farm.
b. Increased reliance on food that is easy to ship.
c. Increased dependence on fast food and junk food.
d. Increased power of groups such as the Slow Foods movement.
Like most horticulturalists, the Lua’ traditionally plant:
a. Only one main crop.
b. A variety of crops with rotating harvesting seasons.
c. Whatever crops bring the highest price in the world market.
d. Corn, beans, and squash.
e. Year after year, in the fields closest to their villages.
Musha, in Upper Egypt, is a typical contemporary peasant village in that the peasants:
a. Are isolated from the outside world.
b. Are in almost total control of their economy.
c. Have hardly changed their culture in hundreds of years.
d. Are highly constrained by government intervention.
e. Are influential in government planning.
Frequently, the effect of development projects has been to:
a. Improve the lives of women and children relative to men.
b. Decrease the quality of life for all members of a community.
c. Increase the disparity between men and women in a community.
d. Increase the availability of government jobs to women.
e. Allow women to access positions of prestige and power previously denied to them.
For the academic community, a critical problem with secret research is:
a. It may endanger the lives of the anthropologists who pursue it.
b. The scientific community has no way to assess its validity.
c. It is almost always used for illegal or immoral purposes.
d. It is unlikely to provide benefits to either anthropologists or the people who are the
subjects of such research.
e. It can rarely be used to support the tenure and promotion of anthropology professors.
The Burakumin in Japan are regarded by Japanese society as a(n):
a. Race.
b. Class.
c. Ethnic group.
d. Caste.
e. Clan.
Bound morphemes differ from free morphemes in which of the following ways?
a. The former have strictly one meaning, the latter have more than one meaning.
b. The former occur either in nouns or in verbs but never in both, while the latter may
occur in both.
c. The former never stand alone as complete words; the latter do.
d. The former can be pronounced only one way, while the latter may have more than
one pronunciation.
e. The former exist in all human languages; the latter exist in English only.
The Balinese cockfight is called “deep play” because:
a. It is merely play.
b. It is done in a playful manner.
c. It has deep symbolic meaning.
d. People who engage in it are over their heads financially.
e. It deepens the gap between the different social strata in Balinese society.
The “cultural defense” argues that in domestic violence cases:
a. An immigrant’s cultural values take precedence over American law.
b. Women’s views of their culture are more important than men’s views.
c. The United States has an obligation to educate immigrants in American law.
d. Ignorance of the law by immigrants is an acceptable excuse for husbands battering
their wives.
e. Cultural background should be considered a mitigating factor in a defendant’s violent
behavior.
A critical factor that makes Northern Indian kinship terminology difficult for Americans
is:
a. The use of different terms for kin from the mother’s side and father’s side of the
family.
b. The fact that all older males within one’s family are called father.
c. The fact that women are only rarely allowed to use a kin name when addressing
members of her own family.
d. The fact that the same individual may be called by as many as three different kin
names on different occasions.
e. The fact that some people that are much younger than you, must be called father or
mother.
Maria Martinez, of San Ildefonso Pueblo in the United States, is an example of:
a. Tribal concept of art imposed on a Western culture.
b. A person recognized as an “artist” in her own society prior to Western contact.
c. The strong continuities between prehistoric and contemporary tribal artistic creations.
d. The functional uses of all “primitive” art.
e. An “artist” created in a traditional culture by the impact of Western art collectors.
What is meant by the term “new product ethnography”?
Most ethnic conflicts today reflect an uninterrupted history of ethnic hatred.
What are the four components of any language?
The research of Bronislaw Malinowski focuses on the concept of __________.
In Musha, Egypt, wheat and cotton are among the most important crops.
Among what types of subsistence societies would we expect to find the Eskimo kinship
system practiced?
It is likely that difficult and dangerous conditions in the meat packing industry will soon
result in new, strong government regulation of that industry.
Warfare may be a means of regulating population in tribal societies.
What is a segmentary lineage system?
The mudyi tree is a central symbol for the Ndembu.
Most adults in any society can be considered liminal.
Fully understanding an issue requires using many theoretical perspectives.
What are the two most critical resources for pastoralists?
What do anthropologists mean by economizing behavior? Is this always linked to
financial gain?
Even though biologically capable of capable of making the sounds of human language,
no chimp has ever produced voluntary speech-like verbalization.
In a capitalist society, wealth is always a source of prestige.