Autonomy is made up of a(n) __________ component and a(n) __________
component.
A) behavioral; cognitive
B) cognitive; emotional
C) emotional; behavioral
D) behavioral; ethical
Which of the following statements about nursing homes is true?
A) Care emphasizes rehabilitation rather than high-quality terminal care.
B) Residents’ end-of-life preferences are recorded in medical charts.
C) Pain management education is given to staff, residents, and family members.
D) Medical treatment is focused on high-quality terminal care.
According to __________ theory, the frequency of a behavior can be increased by
following it with a wide variety of reinforcers.
A) classical conditioning
B) observational learning
C) operant conditioning
D) psychoanalytic
Which of the following individuals would be the most likely to mention cognitive traits
when asked to describe an intelligent first grader?
A) Barbara, a Caucasian
B) Luis, a Mexican
C) Madison, an African American
D) Danilo, a Filipino
Twelve-year-old Isabel spends most of her time with a group of six girls, who are
friends and have similar family backgrounds, attitudes, and values. This group is
Isabel’s
A) crowd.
B) social family.
C) clique.
D) circle.
__________ involves building schemes through direct interaction with the
environment.
A) Equilibration
B) Adaptation
C) Assimilation
D) Organization
In the United States, the poverty rate for single mothers with preschool children is
nearly _____ percent.
A) 25
B) 35
C) 40
D) 50
Herrnstein and Murray’s 1994 book, The Bell Curve, implies that
A) IQ variations are largely determined by differences in environment.
B) ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded.
C) heredity plays a sizable role in the black”white IQ gap.
D) IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan.
Complex work leads to gains in
A) cognitive flexibility.
B) creativity.
C) naturalistic intelligence.
D) emotion-centered coping.
As a complement to his Methodism, 75-year-old Franklin has become intensely
interested in Buddhism, especially its focus on never harming others. Franklin’s
religious behavior is
A) inconsistent with the norm because older adults typically become more rigid in their
prescribed religious beliefs.
B) inconsistent with the norm because Christian adults rarely embrace non-Christian
religious perspectives as sources of inspiration.
C) somewhat typical because spirituality and faith may move away from prescribed
beliefs toward a more reflective approach that emphasizes links to others.
D) typical because most older adults become confused about spirituality and prescribed
religious beliefs as they advance in age.
In a study of rural children in Cameroon, Africa, those who __________ performed
much better on theory-of-mind tasks.
A) attended school
B) worked in the fields
C) spent more time at home
D) engaged in more make-believe play
Quentin went to college with the goal of becoming a social worker. Instead, he gave in
to pressure from his new spouse and changed his major to business. When looking back
at age 50, Quentin wished he had pursued his original dream of becoming a social
worker. Quentin is experiencing
A) an interrupted life structure.
B) a midlife crisis.
C) a maladaptive social clock.
D) life regrets.
A sequential design
A) does not address diversity in developmental outcomes.
B) permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating.
C) is less efficient than a longitudinal design.
D) makes cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, comparisons.
Newborn babies respond with generalized distress
A) when they are put down for a nap.
B) when their parents leave the room.
C) to changes in body temperature.
D) when approached by a stranger.
Parents are most likely to use forceful methods of discipline when
A) they want to foster long-term goals.
B) very serious transgressions occur.
C) immediate obedience is necessary.
D) children are verbally aggressive towards others.
__________ is a sudden but permanent change in a segment in DNA that can lead to
__________.
A) Mutation; genetic abnormalities
B) Meiosis; X-linked disorders
C) Mitosis, fragile X syndrome
D) Genomic imprinting; mutations
School-age children master concrete operational tasks
A) all at once.
B) gradually, in a continuum of acquisition.
C) much later than Piaget believed.
D) after they master abstract thinking.
Children who __________ are especially vulnerable to sexual abuse.
A) live in a large extended family household
B) are aggressive and hostile
C) belong to churches and community organizations
D) live in homes with a constantly changing cast of characters
Victoria is a pregnant smoker. Victoria is among the estimated _____ percent of
American women who smoke during their pregnancies.
A) 8
B) 14
C) 20
D) 26
The most rapid prenatal changes take place in the period of the
A) zygote.
B) blastocyst.
C) embryo.
D) fetus.
The male produces sperm in the __________, two glands located in the __________.
A) penis; scrotum
B) scrotum; penis
C) testes; penis
D) testes; scrotum
Most middle-aged adults asked to describe “turning points” in the past five years report
ones concerning
A) work.
B) family.
C) education.
D) spirituality.
Adolescents develop scientific reasoning skills
A) in a nonsequential fashion.
B) in a step-by-step fashion on different types of tasks.
C) through rote memorization.
D) through direct instruction from adults.
Unlike Piaget, most researchers now believe that
A) the cognitive attainments of infancy develop in a neat, stepwise fashion.
B) young babies construe all mental representations out of sensorimotor activity.
C) even newborns process information much like adults.
D) infants have some built-in cognitive equipment for making sense of experience.
Metacognition involves
A) thinking about thought.
B) a repetitive communication style.
C) using deliberate mental activities that improve recall.
D) using scripts to tell stories.
The most common disadvantage of parenthood cited by contemporary couples is
A) a decline in marital satisfaction.
B) not enough time for both family and work.
C) not enough money for leisure pursuits.
D) loss of freedom.
High levels of prenatal lead exposure are related to
A) deformities of the gums and nails.
B) difficulty in chewing and swallowing.
C) breast and uterine cancers in women.
D) prematurity, low birth weight, and brain damage.
Three-year-old Tristan finds a dead fish on the beach. Although he says that the fish is
dead, he asks, “When is the fish going to get up and swim?” Tristan is having trouble
understanding the death concept of
A) permanence.
B) inevitability.
C) cessation.
D) applicability.
Researchers randomly assigned adolescents to either a single-grade classroom or a
mixed-age classroom. This is an example of a
A) naturalistic observation.
B) case study.
C) natural experiment.
D) field experiment.
Thomas became angry after a playmate took his truck away. How can Thomas’s father
help him to regulate his emotion?
A) Encourage Thomas to stick up for himself and take the truck back.
B) Label Thomas’s feelings, encourage him to describe his internal state, and offer a
comforting hug.
C) Ignore Thomas’s display of negative emotion.
D) Tell Thomas that he needs to learn how to share his toys.