Which of the following statements about other-sex friendships is true?
A) Women are more likely than men to feel sexually attracted to an other-sex friend.
B) After marriage, other-sex friendships increase for men but decline for women.
C) When a solid other-sex friendship evolves into a romance, it may be more stable and
enduring than a romantic relationship formed without a foundation in friendship.
D) Men are more likely to confide in same-sex than in other-sex friends.
Middle-aged people
A) attach great value to the friendship relationship.
B) are less willing that young people to invest time in a friendship.
C) are less likely than young people to maintain friendships.
D) see friendship as protection against serious losses and family ties as current sources
of pleasure.
Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions in middle childhood
is true?
A) Children feel guilty only if an adult or peer is present to witness their transgressions.
B) Children feel guilty for any mishap, including those that are accidental.
C) Pride motivates children to take on further challenges, whereas guilt prompts them
to strive for self-improvement.
D) Children rarely feel guilty for cheating or lying unless they are caught or punished
for their behavior.
By age 4,
A) the brain increases from 40 percent of its adult weight to 60 percent.
B) many parts of the cerebral cortex have overproduced synapses.
C) energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes to adult levels.
D) synaptic pruning slows or ends.
Which of the following statements about the family life cycle is true?
A) The family life cycle represents a fixed progression of stages.
B) The family life cycle is only applicable to families in industrialized nations.
C) Few variations exist in the sequence and timing of its phases.
D) Some people do not experience all family life-cycle phases.
Loneliness rises during early adulthood because
A) young adults are not exposed to as many new people as they were in adolescence.
B) young adults expect more from their intimate ties. .
C) young people’s friendships are not as gratifying as those in later life.
D) it is the period of life in which people are the most socially unresponsive and
insensitive.
Which of the following statements about online communication is true?
A) Due to cyber laws protecting minors, few U.S. teens encounter sexually obscene or
harassing remarks in chat rooms.
B) Well-adjusted teenagers are more likely than troubled adolescents to report that they
have formed close online friendships or romances.
C) As the amount of instant messaging between preexisting friends increases, their
perceptions of intimacy in the relationship decrease.
D) In unmonitored chat rooms, teenagers are likely to encounter degrading racial and
ethnic slurs and sexually obscene and harassing remarks.
Marleen, an obese adult, lost 20 pounds over the course of a year. Within the next two
years, she is most likely to
A) lose an additional 20 pounds.
B) lose 5 or 10 more pounds.
C) gain back 5 to 10 pounds.
D) gain back 20 or more pounds.
Narratives of highly generative people
A) usually contain commitment stories.
B) often contain themes of contamination.
C) often involve stories in which good scenes turn bad.
D) typically do not involve any negative life events.
The __________ theory of aging receives some support from kinship studies indicating
that longevity is a
family trait.
A) genetically programmed
B) “wear-and-tear”
C) random events
D) cross-linkage
On a measure of peer acceptance, Michael received a large number of positive and
negative votes. Michael would be considered a __________ child.
A) neglected
B) rejected
C) popular
D) controversial
The ethical principle of __________ requires special interpretation when participants
cannot fully appreciate the research goals and activities.
A) researchers’ rights
B) informed consent
C) beneficial treatments
D) protection from harm
A baby’s ability to manipulate objects greatly expands with the development of
__________, use of the thumb and index finger opposably.
A) the pincer grasp
B) the ulnar grasp
C) the fine-motor reflex
D) prereaching
Andrew has high academic self-esteem. Andrew is probably
A) well-liked by his classmates.
B) involved in sports.
C) willing to try hard.
D) anxious.
Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior decline for children who have
A) 5 to 10 minutes of recess a day.
B) the threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves.
C) more than 15 minutes of recess a day.
D) no recess.
As grandparents and adult grandchildren move through life,
A) grandparents become more dependent on adult grandchildren than on adult children.
B) adult grandchildren usually assist in the daily practical care of their grandparents.
C) both contact and affection decline.
D) contact declines, but grandparents’ affection strengthens.
Fibers linking the __________ to the __________ grow and myelinate from birth
through the preschool years, contributing to dramatic gains in motor coordination.
A) cerebellum; cerebral cortex
B) corpus callosum; reticular formation
C) reticular formation; cerebellum
D) cerebral cortex; hippocampus
According to cognitive-developmental theorists, preschoolers
A) cannot distinguish a moral imperative from a social convention.
B) actively make sense of their experiences.
C) acquire ready-made standards of good conduct from adults.
D) view not sharing as a more serious transgression than breaking a peer’s toy.
Self-conscious emotions appear in the __________ of the __________ year.
A) middle; first
B) end; first
C) middle; second
D) middle; third
Compared with girls, boys are
A) less daring.
B) more irritable when frustrated.
C) slightly less impulsive.
D) better at effortful control.
Research reveals that
A) deaf adults who, as infants and children, learned sign language depend more than
hearing individuals on the right hemisphere for language processing.
B) adolescents and adults show more diffuse fMRI activity than children.
C) deaf infants depend more than hearing infants on the left hemisphere for language
processing.
D) toddlers advanced in language development show greater right-hemispheric
specialization for language than their agemates.
Which of the following statements about prenatal rubella is true?
A) The greatest damage occurs when rubella strikes during the fetal period.
B) The organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems
in adulthood.
C) Routine vaccination has made new rubella outbreaks extremely rare worldwide.
D) Infection during the embryonic period is less harmful than during other prenatal
periods.
Life-care communities
A) are federally subsidized units for low-income seniors.
B) offer a range of housing alternatives, from independent or congregate housing to full
nursing home care.
C) are limited to ten or fewer residents, who live in private bedroom”bathroom suites
that surround a communal space.
D) provide a hospital-like setting with extreme restrictions on autonomy and social
integration.
Infants with a lot of crawling experience
A) tend to be delayed in walking, as they prefer crawling.
B) are far less likely to refuse to cross the deep side of the visual cliff.
C) are more likely than their inexperienced agemates to remember object locations.
D) become more fearless of the side of a bed or a staircase.
Which of the following statements about the permissive child-rearing style is true?
A) Permissive parents are emotionally detached and depressed, with little time and
energy for children.
B) Permissive parents exercise firm, reasonable control over their children.
C) Permissive parents insist on mature behavior and give reasons for their expectations.
D) Many permissive parents lack confidence in their ability to influence their child’s
behavior.
Which of the following motor skills will probably peak earliest in life?
A) speed of limb movement
B) endurance
C) hand”arm steadiness
D) aiming
Kandilyn is unhappy with all the stressors in her life. The best approach for dealing
with her stress is to use
A) an emotion-centered coping strategy.
B) a mixture of problem- and emotion-centered techniques.
C) a problem-centered coping strategy.
D) indirect methods of stress management.
In __________, people hold different beliefs and customs from those held by the larger
culture.
A) microsystems
B) subcultures
C) macrosystems
D) collectivist societies
Which of the following is a strategy for helping minority adolescents resolve identity
conflicts constructively?
A) encouraging ethnic pride and separation from other ethnic groups
B) parenting that discourages exploration of majority beliefs and values
C) respecting native languages and unique learning styles in school
D) limiting or preventing contact between ethnic groups
As children’s bodies become more streamlined and less top-heavy,
A) balance improves greatly.
B) their center of gravity shifts upward.
C) gross-motor development slows.
D) fine-motor development slows.
Because life events __________, they cannot be the single cause of midlife change.
A) occur in discrete stages
B) are variable in their timing
C) are more common in early adulthood
D) are not as dramatic as cohort effects
The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are responsible for
A) receiving sensory information.
B) movement.
C) thought.
D) language development.