CHAPTER 12
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the characteristics valuation, and amortization of intangible assets.
2. Describe the accounting for various types of intangible assets.
3. Explain the accounting issues for recording goodwill.
4. Identify impairment procedures and presentation requirements for intangible assets.
5. Describe the accounting and presentation for research and development and similar
costs.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 2
TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual
1. Intangible assets derive their value from the right (claim) to receive cash in the future.
2. All research phase and development phase costs are expensed as incurred.
3. Research phase costs are capitalized as an intangible asset once the project has
economic viability.
4. Companies are required to assess the estimated useful life and salvage value of
intangible assets at least annually.
5. Impairment testing is conducted annually for both limited–life and indefinite-life intangible
assets.
6. Amortization of limited-life intangible assets should not be impacted by expected residual
values.
7. Some intangible assets are not required to be amortized every year.
8. Limited-life intangibles are amortized by systematic charges to expense over their useful
life.
9. The cost of acquiring a customer list from another company is recorded as an intangible
asset.
10. The cost of purchased patents should be amortized over the remaining legal life of the
patent.
11. If a new patent is acquired through modification of an existing patent, the remaining book
value of the original patent may be amortized over the life of the new patent.
12. In a business combination, a company assigns the cost, where possible, to the identifiable
tangible and intangible assets, with the remainder recorded as goodwill.
13. Goodwill is considered a master valuation account because it measures the value of
specifically identifiable intangible assets.
14. Internally generated goodwill should not be capitalized in the accounts.
15. Internally generated goodwill associated with a business may be recorded as an asset
when a firm offer to purchase that business unit has been received.
16. All intangibles are subject to periodic consideration of impairment with corresponding
potential write-downs.
17. If the recoverable amount of an indefinite-life intangible other than goodwill is less than its
carrying value, an impairment loss must be recognized.
Intangible Assets
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18. A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets in a business that can
generate cash flow independently of the cash flows from the business’s other assets.
19. The impairment test for goodwill is conducted based on the cash-generating unit to which
the goodwill has been assigned.
20. Recoveries of impairments for intangible long-lived assets are reported in “other income
and expense” on the income statement.
21. A recovery of impairment for an intangible long-lived asset is limited to the carrying value
that would have been reported had the impairment not occurred.
22. After an impairment loss is recorded for a limited-life intangible asset, the recoverable
amount becomes the basis for the impaired asset and is used to calculate amortization in
future periods.
23. After an impairment loss is recorded for goodwill, the recoverable amount becomes the
basis for the impaired asset and is used to calculate amortization in future periods.
24. Accounting for impairments for limited-life intangible assets follows the same rules used to
account for impairments of plant and equipment.
25. IFRS permits reversals of impairment losses for all limited and indefinite-life intangible
assets.
26. Periodic alterations to existing products are an example of research and development
costs.
27. Research and development costs that result in patents may be capitalized to the extent of
the fair value of the patent.
28. IFRS requires that start-up costs and initial operating losses during the early years be
capitalized.
29. Research and development costs are recorded as an intangible asset if it is felt they will
provide economic benefits in future years.
30. Contra accounts must be reported for intangible assets in a manner similar to the
reporting of property, plant, and equipment.
True False Answers—Conceptual
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual
31. Which of the following does not describe intangible assets?
a. They lack physical existence.
b. They are monetary assets.
c. They provide long-term benefits.
d. They are classified as long-term assets.
32. Which of the following characteristics do intangible assets possess?
a. Physical existence.
b. Claim to a specific amount of cash in the future.
c. Long–lived.
d. Held for resale.
33. Which characteristic is not possessed by intangible assets?
a. Physical existence.
b. Identifiable.
c. Result in future benefits.
d. Expensed over current and/or future years.
34. Costs incurred internally to create intangibles are
a. capitalized.
b. capitalized if they have an indefinite life.
c. expensed as incurred.
d. expensed only if they have a limited life.
35. Which of the following costs incurred internally to create an intangible asset is generally
expensed?
a. Research phase costs.
b. Filing costs.
c. Legal costs.
d. All of these choices are correct.
36. The major problem of accounting for intangibles is determining
a. fair value.
b. separability.
c. salvage value.
d. useful life.
37. Copyrights should be amortized over
a. their legal life.
b. the life of the creator plus fifty years.
c. twenty years.
d. their useful life or legal life, whichever is shorter.
38. A patent should be amortized over
a. twenty years.
b. its useful life.
c. its useful life or twenty years, whichever is longer.
d. its useful life or twenty years, whichever is shorter.
Intangible Assets
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39. Limited-life intangibles are reported at their
a. replacement cost.
b. carrying amount unless impaired.
c. acquisition cost.
d. liquidation value.
40. Which of the following methods of amortization is normally used for intangible assets?
a. Sum-of–the-years’-digits
b. Straight-line
c. Units of production
d. Double-declining-balance
41. The cost of an intangible asset includes all of the following except
a. purchase price.
b. legal fees.
c. other incidental expenses.
d. all of these are included.
42. Factors considered in determining an intangible asset’s useful life include all of the
following except
a. the expected use of the asset.
b. any legal or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life.
c. any provisions for renewal or extension of the asset’s legal life.
d. the amortization method used.
43. Under current accounting practice, intangible assets are classified as
a. amortizable or unamortizable.
b. limited-life or indefinite-life.
c. specifically identifiable or goodwill-type.
d. legally restricted or goodwill-type.
44. Companies should evaluate indefinite life intangible assets at least annually for:
a. recoverability.
b. amortization.
c. impairment.
d. estimated useful life.
S45. One factor that is not considered in determining the useful life of an intangible asset is
a. salvage value.
b. provisions for renewal or extension.
c. legal life.
d. expected actions of competitors.
46. Which intangible assets are amortized?
Limited-Life Indefinite-Life
a. Yes Yes
b. Yes No
c. No Yes
d. No No
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 6
47. The cost of purchasing patent rights for a product that might otherwise have seriously
competed with one of the purchaser’s patented products should be
a. charged off in the current period.
b. amortized over the legal life of the purchased patent.
c. added to factory overhead and allocated to production of the purchaser’s product.
d. amortized over the remaining estimated life of the original patent covering the product
whose market would have been impaired by competition from the newly patented
product.
48. Broadway Corporation was granted a patent on a product on January 1, 2008. To protect
its patent, the corporation purchased on January 1, 2019 a patent on a competing product
which was originally issued on January 10, 2015. Because of its unique plant, Broadway
Corporation does not feel the competing patent can be used in producing a product. The
cost of the competing patent should be
a. amortized over a maximum period of 20 years.
b. amortized over a maximum period of 16 years.
c. amortized over a maximum period of 9 years.
d. expensed in 2019.
49. Wriglee, Inc. went to court this year and successfully defended its patent from infringe–
ment by a competitor. The cost of this defense should be charged to
a. patents and amortized over the legal life of the patent.
b. legal fees and amortized over 5 years or less.
c. expenses of the period.
d. patents and amortized over the remaining useful life of the patent.
50. Which of the following is not an intangible asset?
a. Trade name
b. Research and development costs
c. Franchise
d. Copyrights
51. Which of the following intangible assets should not be amortized?
a. Copyrights
b. Customer lists
c. Perpetual franchises
d. All of these intangible assets should be amortized.
52. When a patent is amortized, the credit is usually made to
a. the Patents account.
b. an Accumulated Amortization account.
c. an Accumulated Depreciation account.
d. an expense account.
53. When a company develops a trademark the costs directly related to securing it should
generally be capitalized. Which of the following costs associated with a trademark would
not be allowed to be capitalized?
a. Attorney fees.
b. Consulting fees.
c. Research and development fees.
d. Design costs.
Intangible Assets
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54. In a business combination, the excess of the cost of the purchase over the fair value of
the identifiable net assets purchased is
a. other assets.
b. indirect costs.
c. goodwill.
d. a bargain purchase.
55. Goodwill may be recorded when
a. it is identified within a company.
b. one company acquires another in a business combination.
c. the fair value of a company’s assets exceeds their cost.
d. a company has exceptional customer relations.
56. When a new company is acquired, which of these intangible assets, unrecorded on the
acquired company’s books, might be recorded in addition to goodwill?
a. A trade name.
b. A patent.
c. A customer list.
d. All of the above.
57. Which of the following intangible assets could not be sold by a business to raise needed
cash for a capital project?
a. Patent.
b. Copyright.
c. Goodwill.
d. Trade name.
58. The reason goodwill is sometimes referred to as a master valuation account is because
a. it represents the purchase price of a business that is about to be sold.
b. it is the difference between the fair value of the net identifiable assets as compared
with the purchase price of the acquired business.
c. the value of a business is computed without consideration of goodwill and then
goodwill is added to arrive at a master valuation.
d. it is the only account in the financial statements that is based on value, all other
accounts are recorded at an amount other than their value.
59. Purchased goodwill should
a. be written off as soon as possible against retained earnings.
b. be written off as soon as possible as an other expense item.
c. be written off by systematic charges as a regular operating expense over the period
benefited.
d. not be amortized.
60. The intangible asset goodwill may be
a. capitalized only when purchased.
b. capitalized either when purchased or created internally.
c. capitalized only when created internally.
d. written off directly to retained earnings.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 8
61. A loss on impairment of an intangible asset is the difference between the asset’s
a. carrying amount and the expected future net cash flows.
b. carrying amount and its recoverable amount.
c. recoverable amount and the expected future net cash flows.
d. book value and its fair value.
62. Recovery of impairment is recognized for all the following except
a. Patent held for sale.
b. Patent held for use.
c. Trademark.
d. Goodwill.
63. All of the following are true regarding recovery of impairments for intangible assets except
a. After a recovery of impairment has been recognized, the carrying value of the asset
reported on the statement of financial position will be the higher of the fair value less
cost to sell or the value-in-use.
b. No recovery of impairment is allowed for Goodwill.
c. A recovery of impairment will be reported in the “Other income and expense” section
of the income statement.
d. The amount of the recovery is limited to the carrying value of the asset that would
have been reported had no impairment occurred.
64. Which of the following is not a criteria which must be met before development costs can
be capitalized?
a. The company has sufficient financial resources to complete the project.
b. The company intends to complete the project and either use or sell the intangible
asset.
c. The company can reliably identify the research costs incurred to bring the project to
economic feasibility.
d. The project has achieved technical feasibility.
65. Which of the following research and development related costs should be capitalized and
depreciated over current and future periods?
a. Research and development general laboratory building which can be put to alternative
uses in the future
b. Inventory used for a specific research project
c. Administrative salaries allocated to research and development
d. Research findings purchased from another company to aid a particular research
project currently in process
66. Which of the following principles best describes the current method of accounting for
research and development costs?
a. Associating cause and effect
b. Systematic and rational allocation
c. Income tax minimization
d. Immediate recognition as an expense
Intangible Assets
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67. How should research and development costs be accounted for, according to an IASB
Statement?
a. Must be capitalized when incurred and then amortized over their estimated useful
lives.
b. Must be expensed in the period incurred.
c. May be either capitalized or expensed when incurred, depending upon the materiality
of the amounts involved.
d. Must be expensed in the period incurred unless it can be clearly demonstrated that the
expenditure will have alternative future uses or unless contractually reimbursable.
68. Which of the following would be considered research and development?
a. Routine efforts to refine an existing product.
b. Periodic alterations to existing production lines.
c. Marketing research to promote a new product.
d. Construction of prototypes.
69. Research and development costs
a. are intangible assets.
b. may result in the development of a patent.
c. are easily identified with specific projects.
d. all of the above.
70. Which of the following is considered research and development costs?
a. Laboratory research aimed at discovery of new knowledge.
b. Application of research findings or other knowledge to a plan or design for a new
product or process.
c. Conceptual formulation and design of possible product or process alternatives.
d. all of the above.
71. Which of the following is considered research and development costs?
a. Planned investigation undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or
technical knowledge and understanding.
b. Application of research findings or other knowledge to a plan or design for a new
product or process.
c. Neither a nor b.
d. Both a and b.
72. Which of the following costs should be capitalized in the year incurred?
a. Research and development costs.
b. Costs to internally generate goodwill.
c. Organizational costs.
d. Costs to successfully defend a patent.
73. Which of the following costs would be capitalized?
a. Acquisition cost of equipment to be used on current research project only.
b. Engineering costs incurred to advance the product to the full production stage.
c. Cost of research to determine whether a market for the product exists.
d. Salaries of research staff.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 10
74. Which of the following costs would not be capitalized?
a. Acquisition cost of equipment to be used on current and future research projects.
b. Engineering costs incurred to advance the project to the full production stage.
c. Cost incurred to file for patent.
d. Cost of testing prototype before economic feasibility has been demonstration.
75. Which of the following costs should be excluded from research and development
expense?
a. Modification of the design of a product
b. Acquisition of R & D equipment for use on a current project only
c. Cost of marketing research for a new product
d. Engineering activity required to advance the design of a product to the manufacturing
stage
76. If a company constructs a laboratory building to be used as a research and development
facility, the cost of the laboratory building is matched against earnings as
a. research and development expense in the period(s) of construction.
b. depreciation deducted as part of research and development costs.
c. depreciation or immediate write–off depending on company policy.
d. an expense at such time as productive research and development has been obtained
from the facility.
77. Operating losses incurred during the start-up years of a new business should be
a. accounted for and reported like the operating losses of any other business.
b. written off directly against retained earnings.
c. capitalized as a deferred charge and amortized over five years.
d. capitalized as an intangible asset and amortized over a period not to exceed 20 years.
78. Start-up costs include organizational costs, such as legal and state fees incurred to
organize a new business entity. These costs should be
a. capitalized and never amortized.
b. capitalized and amortized over 40 years.
c. capitalized and amortized over 5 years.
d. expensed as incurred.
79. Which of the following would not be considered an R & D activity?
a. Adaptation of an existing capability to a particular requirement or customer’s need.
b. Application of research findings or other knowledge to a plan for a new product or
process.
c. Laboratory research aimed at discovery of new knowledge.
d. Conceptual formulation and design of possible product or process alternatives.
80. Which of the following intangible assets should be shown as a separate item on the
statement of financial position?
a. Goodwill
b. Franchise
c. Patent
d. Trademark
Intangible Assets
12 – 11
81. Which of the following should not be reported under the “Other income and expense”
section of the income statement?
a. Goodwill impairment losses.
b. Trade name amortization expense.
c. Recovery of impairment losses
d. All of these choices are correct.
82. The total amount of patent cost amortized to date is usually
a. shown in a separate Accumulated Patent Amortization account which is shown contra
to the Patent account.
b. shown in the current income statement.
c. reflected as credits in the Patent account.
d. reflected as a contra property, plant and equipment item.
83. Intangible assets are reported on the statement of financial position
a. with an accumulated depreciation account.
b. in the property, plant, and equipment section.
c. as a separate item.
d. None of these choices are correct.
Multiple Choice Answers—Conceptual
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MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational
84. Lynne Corporation acquired a patent on May 1, 2019. Lynne paid cash of €40,000 to the
seller. Legal fees of €1,000 were paid related to the acquisition. What amount should be
debited to the patent account?
a. €1,000
b. €39,000
c. €40,000
d. €41,000
85. Contreras Corporation acquired a patent on May 1, 2019. Contreras paid cash of €35,000
to the seller. Legal fees of €900 were paid related to the acquisition. What amount should
be debited to the patent account?
a. €900
b. €34,100
c. €35,000
d. €35,900
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 12
86. Mini Corp. acquires a patent from Maxi Co. in exchange for 2,500 shares of Mini Corp.’s
€5 par value ordinary shares and €85,000 cash. When the patent was initially issued to
Maxi Co., Mini Corp.’s shares were selling at €7.50 per share. When Mini Corp. acquired
the patent, its shares were selling for €9 a share. Mini Corp. should record the patent at
what amount?
a. € 97,500
b. €103,750
c. €107,500
d. € 85,000
87. Alonzo Co. acquires 3 patents from Shaq Corp. for a total of £300,000. The patents were
carried on Shaq’s books as follows: Patent AA: £5,000; Patent BB: £2,000; and Patent
CC: £3,000. When Alonzo acquired the patents their fair values were: Patent AA: £20,000;
Patent BB: £240,000; and Patent CC: £60,000. At what amount should Alonzo record
Patent BB?
a. £100,000
b. £240,000
c. £2,000
d. £225,000
88. Jeff Corporation purchased a limited-life intangible asset for €150,000 on May 1, 2017. It
has a useful life of 10 years. What total amount of amortization expense should have been
recorded on the intangible asset by December 31, 2019?
a. € -0-
b. €30,000
c. €40,000
d. €45,000
89. Rich Corporation purchased a limited-life intangible asset for €270,000 on May 1, 2017. It
has a useful life of 10 years. What total amount of amortization expense should have been
recorded on the intangible asset by December 31, 2019?
a. € -0-.
b. €54,000
c. €72,000
d. €81,000
90. Thompson Company incurred research and development costs of €100,000 and legal
fees of €50,000 to acquire a patent. The patent has a legal life of 20 years and a useful
life of 10 years. What amount should Thompson record as Patent Amortization Expense in
the first year?
a. €0.
b. € 5,000.
c. € 7,500.
d. €15,000.
Intangible Assets
12 – 13
91. ELO Corporation purchased a patent for £135,000 on September 1, 2017. It had a useful
life of 10 years. On January 1, 2019, ELO spent £33,000 to successfully defend the patent
in a lawsuit. ELO feels that as of that date, the remaining useful life is 5 years. What
amount should be reported for patent amortization expense for 2019?
a. £30,900.
b. £30,000.
c. £28,200.
d. £23,400.
92. Danks Corporation purchased a patent for €540,000 on September 1, 2017. It had a
useful life of 10 years. On January 1, 2019, Danks spent €132,000 to successfully defend
the patent in a lawsuit. Danks feels that as of that date, the remaining useful life is 5
years. What amount should be reported for patent amortization expense for 2019?
a. €134,400.
b. €120,000.
c. €123,600.
d. € 93,600.
93. The general ledger of Vance Corporation as of December 31, 2019, includes the following
accounts:
Copyrights £ 30,000
Deposits with advertising agency (will be used to promote goodwill) 27,000
Bond sinking fund 70,000
Excess of cost over fair value of identifiable net assets of
Acquired subsidiary 390,000
Trademarks 120,000
In the preparation of Vance’s statement of financial position as of December 31, 2019,
what should be reported as total intangible assets?
a. £510,000.
b. £537,000.
c. £540,000.
d. £537,000.
94. In January, 2014, Findley Corporation purchased a patent for a new consumer product for
€840,000. At the time of purchase, the patent was valid for fifteen years. Due to the
competitive nature of the product, however, the patent was estimated to have a useful life
of only ten years. During 2019 the product was permanently removed from the market
under governmental order because of a potential health hazard present in the product.
What amount should Findley charge to expense during 2019, assuming amortization is
recorded at the end of each year?
a. €560,000.
b. €420,000.
c. € 84,000.
d. € 56,000.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 14
95. Day Company purchased a patent on January 1, 2018 for €480,000. The patent had a
remaining useful life of 10 years at that date. In January of 2019, Day successfully
defends the patent at a cost of €216,000, extending the patent’s life to 12/31/30. What
amount of amortization expense would Kerr record in 2019?
a. €48,000
b. €54,000
c. €58,000
d. €72,000
96. On January 2, 2019, Klein Co. bought a trademark from Royce, Inc. for €1,200,000. An
independent research company estimated that the remaining useful life of the trademark
was 10 years. Its unamortized cost on Royce’s books was €900,000. In Klein’s 2019
income statement, what amount should be reported as amortization expense?
a. €120,000.
b. € 90,000.
c. € 60,000.
d. € 45,000.
97. A company acquires a patent for a drug with a remaining legal and useful life of six years
on January 1, 2017 for £2,100,000. The company uses straight-line amortization for
patents. On January 2, 2019, a new patent is received for a timed-release version of the
same drug. The new patent has a legal and useful life of twenty years. The least amount
of amortization that could be recorded in 2019 is
a. £350,000.
b. £ 70,000.
c. £ 95,454.
d. £ 80,500.
98. Blue Sky Company’s 12/31/19 statement of financial position reports assets of €5,000,000
and liabilities of €2,000,000. All of Blue Sky’s assets’ book values approximate their fair
value, except for land, which has a fair value that is €300,000 greater than its book value.
On 12/31/19, Horace Wimp Corporation paid €5,400,000 to acquire Blue Sky. What
amount of goodwill should Horace Wimp record as a result of this purchase?
a. € -0-
b. €400,000
c. €2,100,000
d. €2,400,000
99. Dotel Company’s 12/31/19 statement of financial position reports assets of €6,000,000
and liabilities of €2,500,000. All of Dotel’s assets’ book values approximate their fair value,
except for land, which has a fair value that is €400,000 greater than its book value. On
12/31/19, Egbert Corporation paid €6,500,000 to acquire Dotel. What amount of goodwill
should Egbert record as a result of this purchase?
a. € -0-
b. € 500,000
c. €2,600,000
d. €3,000,000
Intangible Assets
12 – 15
100. Floyd Company purchases Haeger Company for €840,000 cash on January 1, 2019. The
book value of Haeger Company’s net assets, as reflected on its December 31, 2018
statement of financial position is €620,000. An analysis by Floyd on December 31, 2018
indicates that the fair value of Haeger’s tangible assets exceeded the book value by
€60,000, and the fair value of identifiable intangible assets exceeded book value by
€45,000. How much goodwill should be recognized by Floyd Company when recording
the purchase of Haeger Company?
a. € -0-
b. €220,000
c. €160,000
d. €115,000
101. During 2019, Bond Company purchased the net assets of May Corporation for
£1,300,000. On the date of the transaction, May had £300,000 of liabilities. The fair value
of May’s assets when acquired were as follows:
Current assets £ 540,000
Noncurrent assets 1,260,000
£1,800,000
How should the £200,000 difference between the fair value of the net assets acquired
(£1,500,000) and the cost (£1,300,000) be accounted for by Bond?
a. The £200,000 difference should be credited to retained earnings.
b. The £200,000 difference should be recognized as a gain.
c. The current assets should be recorded at £540,000 and the noncurrent assets should
be recorded at £1,060,000.
d. A deferred credit of £200,000 should be set up and then amortized to income over a
period not to exceed forty years.
102. Grande Company purchases Enfant Company for €14,485,000 cash on January 1, 2019.
The book value of Enfant Company’s net assets reported on its December 31, 2018
statement of financial position was €12,620,000. Grande’s December 31, 2018 analysis
indicated that the fair value of Enfant’s tangible assets exceeded the book value by
€860,000, and the fair value of identifiable intangible assets exceeded book value by
€145,000. How much goodwill should be recognized by Grande Company when recording
the purchase of Enfant?
a. $ -0-
b. €860,000
c. €1,865,000
d. €2,870,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 16
Use the following information for questions 103 and 104.
On January 1, 2017, Bingham Inc. purchased a patent with a cost €2,320,000, a useful life of 5
years. The company uses straight-line depreciation. At December 31, 2018, the company
determines that impairment indicators are present. The fair value less costs to sell the patent is
estimated to be €1,080,000. The patent’s value-in-use is estimated to be €1,130,000. The asset’s
remaining useful life is estimated to be 2 years.
103. Bingham’s 2018 income statement will report Loss on Impairment of
a. €0.
b. €262,000.
c. €312,000.
d. €1,190,000.
104. The company’s 2019 income statement will report amortization expense for the patent of
a. €377,000.
b. €464,000.
c. €565,000.
d. €1,190,000.
105. On August 1, 2017, Li Inc. purchased a license with a cost of HK$10,530,000 and a useful
life of 10 years. At December 31, 2019, when the carrying value of the asset was
HK$7,985,250, the company determined that impairment indicators were present. The fair
value less costs to sell the license was estimated to be HK$7,386,400. The asset’s value –
in-use is estimated to be HK$7,605,000. Li’s 2019 income statement will report Loss on
Impairment of
a. HK$218,600.
b. HK$380,250.
c. HK$598,850.
d. HK$2,545,000.
Use the following information for questions 106 and 107.
On January 2, 2018, Lutz Inc. purchased a patent with a cost CHF1,880,000 a useful life of
4 years. At December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2019, the company determines that
impairment indicators are present. The following information is available for impairment testing at
each year end:
12/31/2018 12/31/2019
Fair value less costs to sell CHF1,430,000 CHF840,000
Value-in-use CHF1,500,000 CHF890,000
No changes were made in the asset’s estimated useful life.
106. The company’s 2018 income statement will report
a. Amortization Expense of CHF470,000
b. Amortization Expense of CHF470,000 and Loss on Impairment of CHF20,000.
c. Amortization Expense of CHF470,000 and a Recovery of Impairment of CHF90,000.
d. Loss on impairment of 380,000.
Intangible Assets
12 – 17
107. The company’s 2019 income statement will report
a. Amortization Expense of CHF470,000.
b. Amortization Expense of CHF500,000 and Loss on Impairment of CHF110,000.
c. Amortization Expense of CHF470,000 and a Loss on Impairment of CHF50,000.
d. Loss on impairment of CHF140,000.
108. On June 2, 2018, Lindt Inc. purchased a trademark with a cost €9,440,000. The trademark
is classified as an indefinite-life intangible asset. At December 31, 2018 and December
31, 2019, the following information is available for impairment testing:
12/31/2018 12/31/2019
Fair value less costs to sell €9,115,000 €9,050,000
Value-in-use €9,370,000 €9,550,000
The 2019 income statement will report
a. no Impairment Loss or Recovery of Impairment.
b. Impairment Loss of €70,000.
c. Recovery of Impairment of €70,000.
d. Recovery of Impairment of €180,000.
109. India Enterprises has four divisions. It acquired one of them, Bombay Products, on
January 1, 2019 for Rs400,000,000, and recorded goodwill of Rs50,750,000 as a result
of that purchase. At December 31, 2019, Bombay Products had a recoverable amount of
Rs375,000,000. The carrying value of the company’s net assets at December 31, 2019
was Rs355,000,000 (including goodwill). What amount of loss on impairment of goodwill
should India record in 2019?
a. Rs -0-
b. Rs20,000,000
c. Rs25,000,000
d. Rs45,000,000
110. Chow Company purchased the Chee Division in 2019 and appropriately recorded
HK$6,000,000 of goodwill related to the purchase. On December 31, 2019, the
recoverable amount of Chee Division is HK$68,000,000 and it is carried on Chow’s books
for a total of HK$64,000,000, including the goodwill. What goodwill impairment should be
recognized by Chow in 2019?
a. HK$0.
b. HK$2,000,000.
c. HK$4,000,000.
d. HK$10,000,000.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 18
111. On June 2, 2018, Olsen Inc. purchased a trademark with a cost €2,360,000. The
trademark is classified as an indefinite-life intangible asset. At December 31, 2018 and
December 31, 2019, the following is available for impairment testing:
12/31/2018 12/31/2019
Fair value less costs to sell €2,280,000 €2,265,000
Value-in-use €2,340,000 €2,390,000
The 2019 income statement will report
a. no Impairment Loss or Recovery of Impairment.
b. Impairment Loss of €20,000.
c. Recovery of Impairment of €20,000.
d. Recovery of Impairment of €50,000.
112. Tokyo Enterprises has four divisions. It acquired on of them, Green Products, on January
1, 2019 for ¥640,000,000, and recorded goodwill of ¥81,200 as a result of that purchase.
At December 31, 2019, Green Products had a recoverable amount of ¥592,000,000. The
carrying value of the Company’s net assets at December 31, 2019 was
¥568,000,000(including goodwill). What amount of loss on impairment of goodwill should
Tokyo record in 2019?
a. ¥ -0-
b. ¥24,000,000
c. ¥48,000,000
d. ¥72,000,000
Use the following information for questions 113 and 114.
On January 1, 2017, Dillman Inc. purchased a patent with a cost €2,320,000, a useful life of 5
years. The company uses straight-line depreciation. At December 31, 2018, the company
determines that impairment indicators are present. The fair value less costs to sell the patent is
estimated to be €1,080,000. The patent’s value-in-use is estimated to be €1,130,000. The asset’s
remaining useful life is estimated to be 2 years.
113. Bingham’s 2018 income statement will report Loss on Impairment of
a. €0.
b. €262,000.
c. €312,000
d. €1,130,000
114. The company’s 2019 income statement will report amortization expense for the patent of
a. €375,000.
b. €464,000.
c. €565,000.
d. €1,130,000.
Intangible Assets
12 – 19
115. On August 1, 2017, Wei Inc. purchased a license with a cost of HK$4,212,000 and a
useful life of 10 years. At December 31, 2019, when the carrying value of the asset was
HK$3,194,100, the company determined that impairment indicators were present. The fair
less costs to sell the license was estimated to be HK$2,954,560. The asset’s value–in-use
is estimated to be HK$3,042,000. Wei‘s 2019 income statement will report Loss on
Impairment of
a. HK$54,650.
b. HK$152,100.
c. HK$149,712.
d. HK$636,250.
Use the following information for questions 116 and 117.
On January 2, 2018, Ace Inc. purchased a patent with a cost CHF2,820,000, and a useful life of 4
years. At December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2019, the company determines that impairment
indicators are present. The following information is available for impairment testing at each year
end:
12/31/2018 12/31/2019
Fair value less cost to sell CHF2,145,000 CHF1,260,000
Value-in-use CHF2,250,000 CHF1,335,000
No changes were made in the asset’s estimated useful life.
116. The company’s 2019 income statement will report
a. Amortization Expense of CHF705,000.
b. Amortization Expense of CHF705,000 and Loss on Impairment of CHF30,000.
c. Amortization Expense of CHF705,000 and a Recovery of Impairment of CHF135,000.
d. Loss on impairment of CHF570,000.
117. The company’s 2019 income statement will report
a. Amortization Expense of CHF705,000.
b. Amortization Expense of CHF750,000 and Loss on Impairment of CHF165,000.
c. Amortization Expense of CHF705,000 and a Loss of Impairment of CHF75,000.
d. Loss on impairment of 210,000.
118. The following information is available for Barkley Company’s patents:
Cost €2,280,000
Carrying amount 1,290,000
Recoverable amount 975,000
Barkley would record a loss on impairment of
a. -0-
b. €315,000.
c. €990,000.
d. €1,305,000.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 20
119. Harrel Company acquired a patent on an oil extraction technique on January 1, 2018 for
€6,000,000. It was expected to have a 10 year life and no residual value. Harrel uses
straight-line amortization for patents. On December 31, 2019, the recoverable amount of
the patent was estimated to be €5,400,000. At what amount should the patent be carried
on the December 31, 2019 statement of financial position?
a. €6,000,000
b. €5,400,000
c. €4,800,000
d. €3,360,000
120. Malrom Manufacturing Company acquired a patent on a manufacturing process on
January 1, 2018 for €4,000,000. It was expected to have a 10 year life and no residual
value. Malrom uses straight-line amortization for patents. On December 31, 2019, the
recoverable amount of the patent was estimated to be €2,720,000. At what amount should
the patent be carried on the December 31, 2019 statement of financial position?
a. €4,000,000
b. €3,600,000
c. €3,200,000
d. €2,720,000
121. In 2018, Edwards Corporation incurred research and development costs as follows:
Materials and equipment £105,000
Personnel 120,000
Indirect costs 150,000
£375,000
These costs relate to a product that will be marketed in 2019. It is estimated that these
costs will be recouped by December 31, 2021, but its process has not achieved economic
viability. The equipment has no alternative future use. What is the amount of research and
development costs that should be expensed in 2018?
a. £0.
b. £225,000.
c. £270,000.
d. £375,000.
122. Hall Co. incurred research and development costs in 2019 as follows:
Materials used in research and development projects € 850,000
Equipment acquired that will have alternate future uses in future research
and development projects 3,000,000
Depreciation for 2019 on above equipment 300,000
Personnel costs of persons involved in research and development projects 750,000
Consulting fees paid to outsiders for research and development projects 300,000
Indirect costs reasonably allocable to research and development projects 225,000
€5,425,000
Assume economic viability has not been achieved.
The amount of research and development costs charged to Hall‘s 2019 income statement
should be
a. €1,900,000.
b. €2,200,000.
c. €2,425,000.
d. €4,900,000.
Intangible Assets
12 – 21
123. Loazia Inc. incurred the following costs during the year ended December 31, 2019:
Laboratory research aimed at discovery of new knowledge €200,000
Costs of testing prototype and design modifications (economic viability
not achieved) 45,000
Quality control during commercial production, including routine testing
of products 270,000
Construction of research facilities having an estimated useful life of
6 years but no alternative future use 360,000
The total amount to be classified and expensed as research and development in 2019 is
a. €515,000.
b. €875,000.
c. €605,000.
d. €315,000.
124. MaBelle Corporation incurred the following costs in 2019:
Acquisition of R&D equipment with a useful life of
4 years in R&D projects €500,000
Start-up costs incurred when opening a new plant 140,000
Advertising expense to introduce a new product 700,000
Engineering costs incurred to advance a product to full
production stage (economic viability not achieved) 400,000
What amount should MaBelle record as research & development expense in 2019?
a. € 525,000
b. € 640,000
c. € 900,000
d. €1,040,000
125. Leeper Corporation incurred the following costs in 2019:
Acquisition of R&D equipment with a useful life of
4 years in R&D projects £900,000
Cost of making minor modifications to an existing product 140,000
Advertising expense to introduce a new product 700,000
Engineering costs incurred to advance a product to full
production stage (economic viability not achieved) 600,000
What amount should Leeper record as research & development expense in 2019?
a. £ 825,000
b. £1,040,000
c. £1,375,000
d. £1,740,000
126. Platteville Corporation has the following account balances at 12/31/19:
Amortization expense € 10,000
Goodwill 140,000
Patents, net of €30,000 amortization 90,000
What amount should Platteville report for intangible assets on the 12/31/19 statement of
financial position?
a. € 90,000
b. €120,000
c. €230,000
d. €240,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 22
Multiple Choice Answers—Computational
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MULTIPLE CHOICE—CPA Adapted
127. Lopez Corp. incurred €420,000 of research costs to develop a product for which a patent
was granted on January 2, 2014. Legal fees and other costs associated with registration
of the patent totaled €80,000. On March 31, 2019, Lopez paid €130,000 for legal fees in a
successful defense of the patent. The total amount capitalized for the patent through
March 31, 2019 should be
a. €210,000.
b. €500,000.
c. €550,000.
d. €650,000.
128. On June 30, 2019, Cey, Inc. exchanged 2,000 shares of Seely Corp. €25 par value
ordinary shares for a patent owned by Gore Co. The Seely stock was acquired in 2019 at
a cost of €55,000. At the exchange date, Seely ordinary shares had a fair value of €48 per
share, and the patent had a net carrying value of €110,000 on Gore’s books. Cey should
record the patent at
a. €50,000.
b. €55,000.
c. €96,000.
d. €110,000.
129. On May 5, 2019, MacDougal Corp. exchanged 2,000 shares of its £25 par value ordinary
treasury shares for a patent owned by Masset Co. The treasury shares were acquired in
2018 for £45,000. At May 5, 2019, MacDougal’s ordinary shares was quoted at £38 per
share, and the patent had a carrying value of £68,000 on Masset’s books. MacDougal
should record the patent at
a. £45,000.
b. £50,000.
c. £60,000.
d. £76,000.
Intangible Assets
12 – 23
130. Ely Co. bought a patent from Baden Corp. on January 1, 2019, for €360,000. An
independent consultant retained by Ely estimated that the remaining useful life at January
1, 2019 is 15 years. Its unamortized cost on Baden’s accounting records was €180,000;
the patent had been amortized for 5 years by Baden. How much should be amortized for
the year ended December 31, 2019 by Ely Co.?
a. €0.
b. €18,000.
c. €24,000.
d. €36,000.
131. January 2, 2016, Koll, Inc. purchased a patent for a new consumer product for €450,000.
At the time of purchase, the patent was valid for 15 years; however, the patent’s useful life
was estimated to be only 10 years due to the competitive nature of the product. On
December 31, 2019, the product was permanently withdrawn from the market under
governmental order because of a potential health hazard in the product. What amount
should Koll charge against income during 2019, assuming amortization is recorded at the
end of each year?
a. € 45,000
b. €270,000
c. €315,000
d. €360,000
132. On January 1, 2015, Russell Company purchased a copyright for £1,200,000, having an
estimated useful life of 16 years. In January 2019, Russell paid £180,000 for legal fees in
a successful defense of the copyright. Copyright amortization expense for the year ended
December 31, 2019, should be
a. £0.
b. £75,000.
c. £86,250.
d. £90,000.
133. Which of the following legal fees should be capitalized?
Legal fees to Legal fees to successfully
obtain a copyright defend a trademark
a. No No
b. No Yes
c. Yes Yes
d. Yes No
134. Which of the following costs of goodwill should be amortized over their estimated useful
lives?
Costs of goodwill from a Costs of developing
business combination goodwill internally
a. No No
b. No Yes
c. Yes Yes
d. Yes No
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 24
135. During 2019, Leon Co. incurred the following costs:
Testing in search for process alternatives € 380,000
Costs of marketing research for new product 250,000
Modification of the formulation of a process 510,000
Research and development services performed by Beck Corp. for Leon 425,000
In Leon‘s 2019 income statement, research and development expense should be
a. €510,000.
b. €935,000.
c. €1,315,000.
d. €1,565,000.
136. Riley Co. incurred the following costs during 2019:
Significant modification to the formulation of a chemical product €160,000
Trouble-shooting in connection with breakdowns during commercial
production 150,000
Cost of exploration of new formulas 200,000
Seasonal or other periodic design changes to existing products 185,000
Laboratory research aimed at discovery of new technology 275,000
In its income statement for the year ended December 31, 2019, Riley should report
research and development expense of
a. €635,000.
b. €785,000.
c. €820,000.
d. €970,000.
Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted
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DERIVATIONS — Computational
Intangible Assets
12 – 25
DERIVATIONS — Computational (cont.)
No. Answer Derivation
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 26
DERIVATIONS — Computational (cont.)
DERIVATIONS — CPA Adapted
Intangible Assets
12 – 27
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 28
DERIVATIONS — CPA Adapted (cont.)
No. Answer Derivation
EXERCISES
Ex. 12-137
Intangible assets have three main characteristics: (1) they are identifiable, (2) they lack
physical existence, and (3) they are not monetary assets.
Instructions
(a) Explain why intangibles are classified as assets if they have no physical existence.
(b) Explain why intangibles are not considered monetary assets.
Solution 12-137
Ex. 12-138
Intangible assets may be internally generated or purchased from another party. In either
case, what costs should be included in the initial valuation of the asset is an issue.
Instructions
(a) Identify the typical costs included in the cash purchase of an intangible asset.
(b) Discuss how to determine the cost of an intangible asset acquired in a non-cash
transaction.
(c) Describe how to determine the cost of several intangible assets acquired in a “basket
purchase.”
Solution 12-138
Intangible Assets
12 – 29
Ex. 12-139
Why does the accounting profession make a distinction between internally created intangible
assets and purchased intangible assets?
Solution 12-139
Ex. 12-140—Short essay questions.
1. What are intangible assets?
2. How are limited-life intangibles accounted for subsequent to acquisition?
Solution 12-140
Ex. 12-141
If intangible assets are acquired for shares, how is the cost of the intangible determined?
Solution 12-141
Ex. 12-142
Redstone Company spent €180,000 developing a new process (economic viability not
achieved), €55,000 in legal fees to obtain a patent, and €91,000 to market the process that
was patented. How should these costs be accounted for in the year they are incurred?
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 30
Solution 12-142
Ex. 12-143
Intangible assets have either a limited useful life or an indefinite useful life. How should these
two different types of intangibles be amortized?
Solution 12-143
Ex. 12-144
What are factors to be considered in estimating the useful life of an intangible asset?
Solution 12-144
Ex. 12-145
Barkley Corp. obtained a trade name in January 2017, incurring legal costs of €20,000. The
company amortizes the trade name over 8 years. Barkley successfully defended its trade
name in January 2018, incurring €4,900 in legal fees. At the beginning of 2019, based on new
marketing research, Barkley determines that the recoverable amount of the trade name is
€16,500.
Instructions
Prepare the necessary journal entries for the years ending December 31, 2017, 2018, and
2019. Show all computations.
Intangible Assets
12 – 31
Solution 12-145
Ex. 12-146
Listed below is a selection of accounts found in the general ledger of Marshall Corporation
as of December 31, 2019:
Accounts receivable Research & development costs
Goodwill Internet domain name
Organization costs Initial operating loss
Prepaid insurance Non-competition agreement
Radio broadcasting rights Customer list
Notes receivable Video copyrights
Trade name
Instructions
List those accounts that should be classified as intangible assets.
Solution 12-146
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 32
Ex. 12-147
Define the following terms.
(a) Goodwill (b) Bargain purchase
Solution 12-147
Ex. 12-148—Carrying value of patent.
Sisco Co. purchased a patent from Thornton Co. for €220,000 on July 1, 2016. Expenditures of
€68,000 for successful litigation in defense of the patent were paid on July 1, 2019. Sisco
estimates that the useful life of the patent will be 20 years from the date of acquisition.
Instructions
Prepare a computation of the carrying value of the patent at December 31, 2019.
Solution 12-148
Ex. 12-149—Accounting for patent.
In early January 2017, Lerner Corporation applied for a patent, incurring legal costs of £60,000. In
January 2018, Lerner incurred £9,000 of legal fees in a successful defense of its patent.
Instructions
(a) Compute 2017 amortization, 12/31/17 carrying value, 2018 amortization, and 12/31/18
carrying value if the company amortizes the patent over 10 years.
(b) Compute the 2019 amortization and the 12/31/19 carrying value, assuming that at the
beginning of 2019, based on new market research, Lerner determines that the recoverable
amount of the patent is £48,000.
Intangible Assets
12 – 33
Solution 12-149
Ex. 12-150
Under what circumstances is it appropriate to record goodwill in the accounts? How should
goodwill, properly recorded on the books, be written off in accordance with IFRS?
Solution 12-150
Ex. 12-151
Fred’s Company is considering the write–off of a limited life intangible asset because of its
lack of profitability. Explain to the management of Fred’s how to determine whether a
writeoff is permitted.
Solution 12-151
Ex. 12-152
Leon Corp. purchased Spinks Co. 4 years ago and at that time recorded goodwill of
€300,000. The Sinks Division’s net assets, including goodwill, have a carrying amount of
€720,000. The recoverable amount of the division is estimated to be €750,000.
Instructions
(a) Explain whether or not Leon Corp. must prepare an entry to record impairment of the
goodwill. Include the entry, if necessary.
(b) Repeat instruction (a) assuming that the recoverable amount of the division is estimated
to be €650,000.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 34
Solution 12-152
Ex. 12-153
Presented below is information related to copyrights owned by Wamser Corporation at December
31, 2018.
Cost €2,700,000
Carrying amount 2,350,000
Recoverable amount 1,500,000
Assume Wamser will continue to use this asset in the future. As of December 31, 2018, the
copyrights have a remaining useful life of 5 years.
Instructions
(a) Prepare the journal entry (if any) to record the impairment of the asset at December 31,
2018.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record amortization expense for 2019.
(c) The recoverable amount of the copyright at December 31, 2019 is €1,600,000. Prepare the
journal entry (if any) necessary to record this increase in fair value.
Solution 12-153
Intangible Assets
12 – 35
Ex. 12-154
Research and development activities may include (a) personnel costs, (b) materials and
equipment costs, and (c) indirect costs. What is the recommended accounting treatment for
these three types of R&D costs?
Solution 12-154
Ex. 12-155
Recently, a group of university students decided to incorporate for the purposes of selling a
process to recycle the waste product from manufacturing cheese. Some of the initial costs
involved were legal fees and office expenses incurred in starting the business, and stamp
taxes. One student wishes to charge these costs against revenue in the current period.
Another wishes to defer these costs and amortize them in the future. Which student is
correct and why?
Solution 12-155
Ex. 12-156
Vasquez Manufacturing Company decided to expand further by purchasing Wasserman
Company. The statement of financial position of Wasserman Company as of December 31, 2019
was as follows:
Wasserman Company
Statement of Financial Position
December 31, 2019
Assets Equity and Liabilities
Plant assets (net) €1,025,000 Share capital-ordinary € 800,000
Inventory 275,000 Retained earnings 885,000
Receivables 550,000 Accounts payable 375,000
Cash 210,000
Total assets €2,060,000 Total equity and liabilities €2,060,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 36
Intangible Assets
12 – 37
Ex. 12-156 (cont.)
An appraisal, agreed to by the parties, indicated that the fair value of the inventory was €350,000
and the fair value of the plant assets was €1,125,000. The fair value of the receivables is equal to
the amount reported on the statement of financial position. The agreed purchase price was
€2,095,000, and this amount was paid in cash to the previous owners of Wasserman Company.
Instructions
Determine the amount of goodwill (if any) implied in the purchase price of €2,095,000. Show
calculations.
Solution 12-156
PROBLEMS
Pr. 12-157—Intangible assets.
The following transactions involving intangible assets of Minton Corporation occurred on or near
December 31, 2018. Complete the chart below by writing the journal entry(ies) needed at that
date to record the transaction and at December 31, 2019 to record any resultant amortization. If
no entry is required at a particular date, write “none needed.”
On Date On
of Transaction December 31, 2019
1. Minton paid Grand Company £500,000 for the
exclusive right to market a particular product,
using the Grand name and logo in promotional
material. The franchise runs for as long as
Minton is in business.
2. Minton spent £600,000 developing a new manu–
facturing process (economic viability not
achieved). It has applied for a patent, and it
believes that its application will be successful.
3. In January, 2019, Minton’s application for a
patent (#2 above) was granted. Legal and
registration costs incurred were £140,000. The
patent runs for 20 years. The manufacturing
process will be useful to Minton for 10 years.
4. Minton incurred £172,000 in successfully defend–
ing one of its patents in an infringement suit. The
patent expires during December, 2022.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 38
Intangible Assets
12 – 39
Pr. 12-157 (cont.)
5. Minton incurred £480,000 in an unsuccessful
patent defense. As a result of the adverse
verdict, the patent, with a remaining unamortized
cost of £252,000, is deemed worthless.
6. Minton paid Sneed Laboratories £104,000 for
research and development work performed by
Sneed under contract for Minton. The benefits
are expected to last six years.
Solution 12-157
Pr. 12-158—Goodwill, impairment.
On May 31, 2019, Armstrong Company paid €3,400,000 to acquire all of the ordinary shares of
Hall Corporation, which became a division of Armstrong. Hall reported the following statement of
financial position at the time of the acquisition:
Non-current assets €2,700,000 Equity €2,500,000
Current assets 900,000 Non-current liabilities 500,000
Current liabilities 600,000
Total assets €3,600,000 Total equity and liabilities €3,600,000
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, IFRS Edition, 3e
12 – 40
Intangible Assets
12 – 41
Pr. 12-158 (cont.)
It was determined at the date of the purchase that the fair value of the identifiable net assets of
Hall was €2,800,000. At December 31, 2019, Hall reports the following statement of financial
position information:
Current assets € 800,000
Non-current assets (including goodwill recognized in purchase) 2,400,000
Current liabilities (700,000)
Non-current liabilities (500,000)
Net assets €2,000,000
It is determined that the recoverable amount value of the Hall division is €2,100,000.
Instructions
(a) Compute the amount of goodwill recognized, if any, on May 31, 2019.
(b) Determine the impairment loss, if any, to be recorded on December 31, 2019.
(c) Assume that the recoverable amount of the Hall division is €1,800,000 instead of
$2,100,000. Prepare the journal entry to record the impairment loss, if any, on December 31,
2019.
Solution 12-158