Quintanilla, Business and Professional Communication: KEYS for Workplace Excellence 4e
3. Aristotle’s persuasive appeals are ethos, pathos, and logos.
4. Developing a clear organizational structure will enhance both informative and persuasive
speeches.
5. A specific purpose is a declarative sentence telling the listeners what you want them to
understand, know, or believe by the end of your presentation.
6. Including emotional appeal to a persuasive speech will cause the speaker to lose credibility.
7. Speakers should point out other possible causes when persuading with a causal reasoning
technique.
8. Relying solely on personal anecdotes to inform an audience is effective because it builds
speaker credibility.
9. Internet sources require special attention when validating their credibility.
10. Quotes should not be used when establishing credibility.
11. Aristotle stated that a good persuasive speech includes two persuasive appeals.
12. When considering an informative speech, logos is a term that refers to the words of a
presentation in the context of organizational structure and the supporting information.
13. An impromptu presentation is one of the presentation opportunities.
14. To use deductive reasoning effectively, a speaker must make certain that his or her major
and minor premises are accurate and that he or she convinces the audience to accept those
premises in the body of their speech.
15. The second step, evaluate the professional context, requires you to understand who makes
up your audience.
16. Royce will be including pathos in his persuasive speech. Pathos is an emotional appeal.
17. The final step of the KEYS approach calls for you to assess your audience’s reaction to your
presentation, get feedback to see if your presentation was effective, and to think about the
verbal and nonverbal communication you used and decide what communication was positive or
negative.
18. Mentioning other causes in your persuasive speech and explaining why your cause should
be the focus is called logos.
19. Inoculation refers to the need to protect yourself from the audience by seeing a doctor for a
vaccination prior to speaking.
20. When Troy points out other possible causes in a cause-and-effect relationship and then
explains why they are not as important or relevant as the cause he is discussing, the ploy
inoculates the audience from future attempts to persuade them in the other direction.
21. Mark uses a form of reasoning that involves building an argument by using individual
examples and pulling them together to make a generalization. This is known as deductive
reasoning.
22. In her persuasive speech, MaryLou uses a form of reasoning that involves building an
argument by using individual examples and pulling them together to make a generalization.
This is known as inductive reasoning.
23. Cole has put forth the argument that all fires produce smoke and she sees smoke over the
nearby mountain, then there is a fire on the other side of the mountain. Cole has used
deductive reasoning.
24. Shirl has compared the prices of gasoline in the United Kingdom with the gasoline prices in
the United States to argue her case. Shirl has employed analogical reasoning.
25. When using analogical reasoning, the cases used as evidence must be identical.
26. When a person holds two ideas that contradict each other, it creates mental noise in that
person’s mind. This is what occurs with analogical reasoning.
27. Chyna was able to develop an argument that created cognitive dissonance for her audience
members, then she offered a solution that reduced that contradiction. Chyna increased her
chances of making a successful persuasive argument.
28. Raj knows that, because informative speeches are objective, emotional appeals should not
be used in them. Raj is correct.
29. Words that have a strong emotional connotation are words that have implied meanings.
30. The first step in designing a persuasive speech is to make certain that the general purpose
of the speech is to persuade.
31. After making sure that the general purpose of her speech is to persuade, Didi knows to
develop a clear, specific purpose. She is on the right track.
32. When designing a persuasive speech, it is important to analyze your audience carefully but
you cannot know the context.
33. Kathleen has made it a point, as she has designed her persuasive speech, to analyze the
makeup of her audience and the context for the speech. Kathleen has included two key
elements of designing an effective persuasive speech.
34. Richard’s audience does not know what he is trying to persuade them to do until the very
end of his speech. Richard has given a very strong persuasive speech with a desired surprise
ending.
35. The final step in the KEYS approach to excellence in professional presentations is to step
back and relax.
36. The third step of the KEYS approach suggests that we need to be aware of our personal
presentation style and be prepared to alter it if the situation calls for it.
37. At the local Italian restaurant, the employees are brought together with the manager-on–
duty before the lunch shift and the dinner shift to discuss the server floor plan, the daily or
Quintanilla, Business and Professional Communication: KEYS for Workplace Excellence 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
nightly specials, and any other business that needs to be discussed before the restaurant gets
too busy. Some restaurants call this an “alley rally” or some similar term, but what these
presentations of opportunity are could be called huddles.
38. Inductive, deductive, analogical, and causal are all types of reasoning.
39. Quintilian was a Greek philosopher and educator who believed that logos was defined as “a
good man speaking well.”
40. Even though it may be unplanned and unrehearsed, at a wedding reception, a toast to the
Short Answer
1. ______ are presentations that involve “winging” it or speaking off the cuff.
2. Presentations can have one of two general purposes: to inform or to ______.
3. Another name for active agreement is ______.
4. The ______ is to an oral presentation what a thesis statement is to an essay.
5. ______ refers to your credibility as a presenter as well as the credibility of the information
delivered in your presentation.
6. ______ refers to the words of a presentation in the context of organizational structure and
the supporting information.
7. ______ refers to emotional appeal.
Quintanilla, Business and Professional Communication: KEYS for Workplace Excellence 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
8. ______ is building an argument by utilizing individual examples, pieces of information, or
cases, and then pulling them together to make a generalization or to come to a conclusion.
9. ______, more commonly known as the cause-and-effect relationship, is a type of inductive
reasoning.
10. ______ occurs when the speaker takes general information (premises) and draws a
conclusion from that general information.
11. ______ is simply reasoning from an analogy; it is making an argument by comparing two
cases.
12. ______ creates mental noise in that person’s mind. This results in a feeling of discomfort for
the person, so he or she looks for ways to reduce the contradiction.
Quintanilla, Business and Professional Communication: KEYS for Workplace Excellence 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2020
Essay
1. Explain what ethos, logos, and pathos are in terms of making public presentations and how
each would function.
2. List and describe four types of reasoning used in persuasive speeches that guide the audience
through the argument.
3. Describe the basics of a successful informative presentation.
4. Explain the second step of the KEYS approach (evaluate the professional context) as it relates
to delivering a presentation.
5. Explain the purpose of establishing common ground.
6. Explain the strategy of inoculation as part of causal reasoning.
7. Create a syllogism (other than the one in the textbook).
Ans: Answer should follow the format of syllogisms:
8. Explain how inoculation is used in conjunction with analogical reasoning.