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Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
Test Bank
Chapter 7: Leader–Member Exchange Theory
Multiple Choice
1. Which leadership approach is not leader centered?
A. trait
B. LMX
C. skills
D. behavioral
2. Which leadership theory centered on the interaction between leaders and followers?
A. trait
B. skills
C. LMX
D. style
3. LMX focuses on ______.
A. matching leader behaviors to followers’ development levels
B. the integration of task and relationship behaviors
C. matching the leader behavior to follower characteristics
D. the dyadic relationship between the leader and follower
4. In LMX, leaders treat followers ______.
A. equally
B. in a collective way
C. independently
D. according to group average
5. Which theory challenges the assumption that leaders treat followers in a collective
way?
A. LMX
B. skills
C. trait
D. style
6. Which of the following leadership theories emphasizes the specific relationship
between the leader and each subordinate?
A. transformational leadership theory
B. path-goal leadership theory
C. situational leadership theory
D. leader-member exchange theory
7. Before LMX theory, researchers treated leadership as something ______.
A. leaders did toward all of their followers
B. present within the individual actions of followers
C. existing between the leader and each of his or her followers
D. as an exclusively two-way, one-dimensional form of communication
8. The early research on LMX theory was called ______.
A. group classification theory
B. vertical dyad linkage theory
C. didactic linkage theory
D. horizontal dyad linkage theory
9. What is it called in LMX when leaders form a relationship with each of their followers?
A. in-group
B. out-group
C. vertical dyad
D. X–Y axes integration
10. The early studies in LMX reported that ______.
A. after the in-groups are formed, the vertical dyads are formed
B. after the out-groups are formed, the vertical dyads are formed
C. the vertical dyads form the basis for in-group and out-group formation
D. the vertical dyads are independent from in-group and out-group formation
11. According to early LMX theory, which of the following is false?
A. the out-group has less influence with the leader than does the in-group
B. the leader usually expects extra duties from out-group members
C. in-group members are chosen on the basis of compatibility with the leader
D. out-group members may not want to be in-group members
12. A leader who invites a follower to take on more responsibility is ______.
A. attempting to help the follower into the in-group
B. attempting to determine whether the follower will fail at the task
C. attempting to help the follower into the out-group
D. attempting to make in-group members resentful of this follower
13. How many vertical dyadic relationships can occur in LMX?
A. only one, the relationship between leader and all followers
B. only one, the relationship between the leader and the in-group
C. two, the relationship between the leader and the in-group and out-group
D. as many linkages as there are followers
14. The vertical dyadic relationship in LMX is established by ______.
A. the leader
B. the follower
C. the leader and follower
D. the leader and the organizational structure
15. The dyadic relationships in LMX occur between ______.
A. the leader and other leaders
B. the leader and the in-group followers
C. the leader and each follower
D. the followers and each other follower
16. I am a leader of a team of eight employees. In LMX, what is the maximum number
of groups this team could be categorized into based on vertical dyadic relationships?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
17. One of your followers asks to lead the next team brainstorming session and you let
him/her do this. You and this follower are ______.
A. in the stranger phase of leadership-making
B. in a dyadic in-group relationship
C. in a dyadic stranger phase
D. in the mature-partnership phase of leadership-making
18. There is a mutual personality conflict between you and one of your followers. If this
continues, the follower will end up in the ______.
A. in-group
B. out-group
C. mature group
D. acquaintance group
19. All of the following are characteristics of out-group members except ______.
A. defined roles
B. non-negotiating behavior
C. innovative ideas
D. operation strictly within role
20. In the early stages of leader-member relationship development, leaders look for
followers who exhibit all of the following except ______.
A. enthusiasm
B. agreeableness
C. participation
D. gregariousness
21. Which theory of leadership suggests that it is important to recognize the existence of
in-groups and out-groups within an organization?
A. path–goal theory
B. expectancy theory
C. servant leadership
D. leader–member exchange theory
22. Which of the following is not a reason followers become part of the in-group?
A. how well they work with the leader
B. how well the leader works with them
C. the amount of interest they show toward negotiating with the leader
D. willingness to stay within job and task guidelines
23. I go to work, get the job done and go home. I am most likely in the ______.
A. in-group
B. out-group
C. mature partnership phase
D. acquaintance phase
24. The later LMX studies shifted focus from describing in- and out-groups to ______.
A. how LMX relates to organizational effectiveness
B. how LMX assesses leader behaviors
C. how LMX and servant leadership are similar
D. how LMX relates to follower skill development
25. The later LMX studies focused on ______.
A. follower locus of control
B. positive outcomes for both the leader and followers
C. determining out-group characteristics
D. task characteristics of the job
26. Gerstner and Day’s meta-analysis found ______.
A. the stranger phase is an invalid construct
B. high LMX is not correlated with job satisfaction
C. support for the psychometric properties of the LMX 7 questionnaire
D. LMX measures followers’ exchanges, not leaders’
27. Later studies of LMX found all of the following except ______.
A. positive relationship between quality of LMX and citizenship behaviors
B. high-quality LMX was positively related to employee feelings of energy
C. interest in studying LMX has diminished
D. high LMX correlates to positive organizational outcomes
28. Which researcher(s) measured the relationship between LMX and citizenship
behaviors?
A. Komives
B. Ilies et al.
C. Greenleaf
D. Graen and Uhl-Bien
29. According to Atwater and Carmeli, a study of employees in a variety of jobs in Israeli
organizations found ______
A. high-quality leader–member exchanges were directly correlated with creativity
B. high-quality leader–member exchanges were negatively correlated with employee
feelings of energy
C. LMX was directly correlated with creativity
D. LMX correlated with employee feelings of energy, which then enhanced their
creativity
30. Studies of LMX have concluded all but the following ______.
A. empowerment moderates the impact of LMX on job outcomes
B. citizenship behaviors and LMX are positively correlated
C. high-quality leader-member exchanges foster positive job outcomes
D. all employees are in the in-group to some degree
31. During the stranger phase of leadership making, the roles are ______.
A. scripted
B. tested
C. negotiated
D. implied
32. During the acquaintance phase of leadership making, the roles are ______.
A. scripted
B. tested
C. negotiated
D. implied
33. Roles being tested in leadership-making means ______.
A. the leader and follower have already tested their interactions and found them
satisfactory
B. the leader and follower are assessing desire for the follower to take on new
responsibilities
C. the leader and follower are focused on the rules of interaction
D. the leader and follower are comfortable depending on each other
34. During the mature partnership phase of leadership making, the roles are ______.
A. scripted
B. tested
C. negotiated
D. implied
35. During the mature partnership phase of leadership making, the exchanges are
______.
A. low quality
B. medium quality
C. moderately high quality
D. high quality
36. During the stranger phase of leadership making, the exchanges are ______.
A. low quality
B. medium quality
C. moderately high quality
D. high quality
37. During the acquaintance phase of leadership making, the exchanges are ______.
A. low quality
B. medium quality
C. moderately high quality
D. high quality
38. During the acquaintance phase of leadership making, ______.
A. roles are scripted
B. exchanges are negotiated
C. influences are mixed
D. influences are one-way
39. During the mature partnership phase of leadership making, ______.
A. roles are tested
B. exchanges are medium quality
C. influences are mixed
D. interests are group focused
40. During the stranger phase of leadership making, ______.
A. interests are mixed
B. exchanges are high quality
C. influences are one-way
D. interests are group focused
41. During the acquaintance phase of leadership making, interests are ______.
A. self-focused
B. group focused
C. focused on group and self
D. reciprocal
42. According to Graen and Uhl-Bien, leadership making develops progressively over
time in how many phases?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
43. The leadership-making model is ______.
A. prescriptive
B. descriptive
C. unscripted
D. transactional
44. Who is responsible for making the offer for improved career-oriented interactions?
A. leader
B. follower
C. leader or follower
D. followers’ coworkers
45. The prescriptive nature of LMX ______.
A. is described by the in-group and out-group
B. relies on leaders adjusting to follower characteristics
C. is found in the leadership-making phases
D. relies on followers making a social connection with the leader
46. The dyadic relationship in LMX is ______.
A. descriptive
B. prescriptive
C. unscripted
D. both descriptive and prescriptive
47. Out-group members act differently from in-group members in that they ______.
A. interact often with the leader
B. perform their job duties but no extra work
C. ask for additional responsibility
D. receive special attention from their leaders
48. In-group members ______.
A. get more information from leaders
B. are focused on themselves rather than the team
C. have low-quality leader-member exchanges
D. do their jobs and nothing more
49. During the early phases of leadership making, leaders look for what qualities in
followers?
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
A. agreeableness and cooperation
B. good humor and intelligence
C. enthusiasm and participation
D. pleasantness and trustworthiness
50. During the acquaintance phase of leadership making, subordinates tend to focus
______.
A. less on their own self-interests
B. mostly on their own self-interests
C. less on the group's interests
D. on both their own and the group's interests
51. The mature partnership phase is not characterized by ______.
A. tasks
B. respect
C. reciprocity
D. transformational relationships
52. What is a key predictor of relationship quality for both leaders and followers?
A. extraversion
B. performance
C. agreeableness
D. trust
53. According to Harris, Wheeler, and Kacmar, what moderates the impact of leader–
member exchange on job outcomes?
