Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
Test Bank
Chapter 2: Trait Approach
Multiple Choice
1. Kirkpatrick and Locke’s research postulated that ______.
A. three traits are the ingredients for leadership
B. traits can be both inborn and learned
C. leaders are no different from followers
D. traits are unimportant to leadership
2. who conducted two major surveys of research on the trait approach?
A. Stogdill
B. Judge et al.
C. Jung and Sosik
D. Zaccaro
3. Who found several consistent traits among charismatic leaders?
A. Stogdill
B. Judge et al.
C. Jung and Sosik
D. Shankman and Allen
4. Who conducted studies of social intelligence and its relationship to leadership?
A. Stogdill
B. Judge et al.
C. Jung and Sosik
D. Zaccaro
5. ______ is described as those abilities to understand one’s own and others feelings,
behaviors and thoughts and to act appropriately.
A. Great Man theory
B. Social intelligence
C. Emotional intelligence
D. Big Five personalities
6. Persistence, dominance, and drive are characteristics of which trait?
A. extraversion
B. sociability
C. determination
D. intelligence
7. ______ is one of the five major leadership traits that focuses on a leader’s inclination
to seek out pleasant social relationships.
A. Agreeableness
B. Extraversion
C. Intelligence
D. Sociability
8. Research related to the trait approach has ______.
A. been a newer area of research
B. been around for over 100 years
C. not been a focus of researchers until recently
D. consisted of very few known models and studies
9. In a major review in 1948, Stogdill suggested ______.
A. no consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from non-leaders
B. leadership traits are independent of situation factors
C. extraversion is a definitive leadership trait
D. a consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from nonleaders
10. Which best describes the overall results of Stogdill’s second survey when compared
with his Initial survey?
A. there was little to no difference in the findings
B. situational factors became less of a focus
C. it was more balanced in its descriptions of the role of traits and leadership
D. personality played a larger role in leadership
11. Mary has managed the mailroom for 2 years. Management views Mary as a person
with
Special leadership talent, such as intelligence, sociability, and determination. What
approach is Management using in assessing Mary?
A. trait approach
B. attributions approach
C. behavioral approach
D. managerial grid approach
12. Stogdill’s second study found ______.
A. no significant differences in traits from 1948 to 1974
B. situational factors could not be identified
C. emotional intelligence plays a significant role in leadership
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D. both traits and situational factors are determinants of leadership
13. Which of the following traits are associated with charismatic leadership?
A. intelligence, self-confidence
B. physical attractiveness, height
C. desire for power, desire to help others
D. self-monitoring, impression management
14. The trait approach focuses on ______.
A. follower–leader interaction
B. role of the leader
C. role of the follower
D. role of the organization
15. A manager arrives an hour early to work every day and is always completing his
task early as well as constantly striving for excellence within the organization. Which
two traits best represent the manager?
A. articulate and self-confident
B. dependable and diligent
C. trustworthy and perceptive
D. self-confident and empathetic
16. During the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama demonstrated
this trait extensively and brought public attention to its value as it relates to leadership.
A. readiness
B. capacity
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C. charisma
D. drive
17. Being socially aware, possessing social acumen, practicing self-monitoring, and
having the ability to decide on the best response for any given situation, and then
following through with said decision, are part of Zaccaro’s definition of ______.
A. problem solving
B. social intelligence
C. task knowledge
D. cognitive ability
18. By comparing Stogdill’s findings from his 1948 survey with the findings of his
updated 1974 survey, which of the following was suggested?
A. leadership research has progressed little
B. that risk taking and originality no longer play a role in problem solving
C. that situational factors no longer play a large role within leadership
D. that both personality and situational factors were predictors of leadership
19. Founder and former CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs, best demonstrated which trait?
A. openness
B. integrity
C. sociability
D. intelligence
20. A student who practices the piano daily and tries new music despite the difficulty
demonstrates which trait?
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
A. determination
B. sociability
C. integrity
D. self-awareness
21. Who developed a model of emotionally intelligent leadership?
A. Shankman and Allen
B. Judge et al.
C. Jung and Sosik
D. Zaccaro
22. Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence is a set of ______.
A. ethical and emotional competencies
B. social and perceptual competencies
C. personal and social competencies
D. cognitive and expressive competencies
23. The underlying premise of emotional intelligence’s impact on leadership is ______.
A. intelligence is the most essential part of leadership
B. sensitivity to personal emotions is most important to positive leadership
C. understanding one’s own and others’ emotions provides a base for impactful
leadership
D. emotional intelligence has minimal impact on effective leadership
24. The cognitive domain in emotional intelligence describes ______.
A. confidence
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SAGE Publications, 2019
B. feeling
C. competency
D. thinking
25. Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay
between them. Those two domains are ______.
A. task and process
B. mind and body
C. affective and cognitive
D. traits and styles
26. Shankman and Allen’s (2002) model of emotionally intelligent leadership suggests
leaders must take into account these three fundamental facets of leadership: ______.
A. context, self, and others
B. referent power, expert power, and legitimate power
C. desire for power, desire to help others, and desire to win
D. determination, integrity, and sociability
27. Openness in the Big Five Personality Model is defined as ______
A. curious, being informed, creativity
B. sociable, assertive, high energy
C. organized, dependable, decisive
D. accepting, trusting, nurturing
28. The Big Five personality factor that is weakly associated with leadership is ______.
A. conscientiousness
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B. neuroticism
C. agreeableness
D. sociability
29. Which of the Big Five personality factors means the tendency to be anxious,
vulnerable, or depressed?
A. extraversion
B. determination
C. conscientiousness
D. neuroticism
30. Of the Big Five personality factors, which is the most strongly associated with
leadership?
A. openness
B. neuroticism
C. social status
D. extraversion
31. Who found a strong relationship between the Big Five traits and leadership?
A. Stogdill
B. Judge et al.
C. Jung and Sosik
D. Zaccaro
32. The Big Five consists of all of the following factors except ______.
A. openness
Northouse, Leadership 8e
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B. neuroticism
C. conscientiousness
D. dominance
33. The trait approach is concerned with ______.
A. leadership situations
B. leadership skills
C. follower attributes
D. leader characteristics
34. The trait approach is ______.
A. no longer a viable leadership approach
B. primarily a focus of outdated research
C. still a focus of contemporary leadership research
D. irrelevant in modern society
35. A major strength of the trait approach is ______.
A. there is a set list of traits that identify leadership
B. it is easy to identify the best traits for leadership
C. it can be used for leader training and development
D. it highlights the leader component of the leadership process
36. Within an organization, the trait approach can be applied to ______.
A. low-level managers
B. middle-level managers
C. upper-level managers
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D. all levels of the organization
37. An organization requires you to fill out a personality assessment instrument as part
of your application process for a specific position with the organization. What best
explains why they would have you do this?
A. to place you with others who share the same traits
B. to determine whether you fit their needs for the particular position
C. to examine your attention to detail
D. to decide on an amount for your salary
38. People want to be able to identify leaders as those who are leading the way in our
society. This is an example of what strength of the approach?
A. century of research
B. intuitive appeal
C. benchmarking traits
D. definitive list of traits
39. Benchmarking what to look for if you want to be a leader is about ______.
A. trying to develop specifically the five major traits in the text
B. giving a boss a specific set of traits to look for in potential new hires
C. helping individuals see their own traits and decide if these are leadership traits
D. specifically determining traits for a particular job promotion
40. A strength of the trait approach is reflected in the idea that ______.
A. self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership
B. there is a clear list of leader traits
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C. identifying traits is highly objective
D. it is appealing to identify special traits in leaders
41. Which of the following is not a strength of the trait approach?
A. self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership
B. it is appealing to identify special traits in leaders
C. more than a century of research has been conducted on traits
D. it provides a benchmark for what traits to look for in individuals
42. A major criticism of the trait approach is ______.
A. its intuitive appeal
B. there is no definitive list of leadership traits
C. it highlights the leader component in the leadership process
D. research on leadership traits is fairly new
43. The trait approach ______.
A. takes followers into account
B. is highly objective
C. is quite useful for training programs
D. has not found one definitive list of leadership traits
44. Individuals displaying the five major leadership traits outlined in the text ______.
A. are leaders in their workplace
B. are beloved by their followers
C. may be leaders in their workplace
D. also display dominance in their workplace
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
45. Research over the past 100 years on leadership traits ______.
A. has clear and unambiguous findings
B. has produced a definitive list of traits
C. has described leader traits that are common to all situations
D. has failed to produce a definitive list of traits
46. Arif is the leader of a small group of human resources professionals. Two of the staff
members, Nina and Bohan, disagree about the leadership traits that Arif displays in their
work situation. This disagreement describes which of the main criticisms of the trait
approach?
A. high subjectivity
B. century of research
C. lack of leadership emergence
D. usefulness in training and development
47. The trait approach is criticized for its failure to take ______ into consideration.
A. emotional intelligence
B. personality
C. differences in leaders
D. situations
48. I just had an argument with my supervisor about spending more than was budgeted
on my project. I had strong emotions during the argument, and now I am thinking about
how to improve my mood at work. This thinking about my emotions is ______.
A. in the affective domain of emotional intelligence