Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
49. Five cross-cultural competencies for leaders include all of the following except
______.
A. being able to adapt to living and communicating in other cultures
B. learning the perspectives, trends, and tastes of many cultures
C. understanding business, political, and cultural environments worldwide
D. teaching the importance of one’s own culture to other cultures
50. A definition of culture does not include ______.
A. individual qualities
B. customs and scripts of a group
C. traditions that are shared by a group
D. learned beliefs and values
51. According to the GLOBE study, which of these is not a cultural dimension?
A. institutional collectivism
B. in–group collectivism
C. division of labor
D. future orientation
52. Global leadership behaviors include all of these except ______.
A. self-directive leadership
B. team-oriented leadership
C. participative leadership
D. autonomous leadership
53. Universally desirable leadership attributes do not include ______.
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
A. effective bargainer
B. dictatorial
C. plans ahead
D. win-win problem solver
54. Universally undesirable leadership behaviors include all of the following except
______.
A. asocial
B. loner
C. explicit
D. dictatorial
55. Applications for culture and leadership do not include ______.
A. can help leaders understand their own cultural biases and preferences
B. help our leaders adapt their styles to be more effective in different cultural settings
C. can be used to build culturally sensitive websites
D. help maximize profit within a locally owned and operated organization
56. According to the Anglo culture cluster, the least desirable leader behavior is ______.
A. charismatic/value-based leadership
B. participative leadership
C. humane-oriented leadership
D. self-protective leadership
57. According to the Sub-Saharan Africa Anglo culture cluster, the most desirable
leader behavior is ______.
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
A. charismatic/value-based leadership
B. participative leadership
C. humane-oriented leadership
D. team-oriented leadership
58. Researchers used divided the data collected from 62 countries into regional clusters
to provide a convenient way to ______.
A. generate hypotheses to predict the relative value of one cultural group over another
B. analyze the similarities and differences between cultural groups
C. make assumptions about cultural dimensions by high– and low-score clusters
D. correlate scores from individual respondents across different regional clusters
59. The cultural dimension in which organizations encourage and reward members for
excellence is ______.
A. humane orientation
B. assertiveness
C. power distance
D. performance orientation
60. According to GLOBE researchers, which of the following statements is false?
A. the Anglo cluster is high in performance orientation and low in in-group collectivism
B. the Eastern Europe cluster tends to be forceful and supportive of its coworkers
C. the Latin Europe cluster places value on institutional collectivism and societal goals
D. the Sub-Saharan Africa cluster tends to place higher concern for family and friends
than for themselves
61. Who is (are) the most referenced researcher(s) identifying five major dimensions on
which cultures differ?
A. House et al.
B. Adler and Bartholomew
C. Hofstede
D. Lord and Maher
62. Who developed five cross-cultural competencies for leaders?
A. Adler and Bartholomew
B. Hofstede
C. Lord and Maher
D. House et al.
63. Who researched culture and leadership resulting in the GLOBE research program?
A. Adler and Bartholomew
B. Hofstede
C. Lord and Maher
D. House et al.
64. How many “country clusters” did GLOBE focus its findings on?
A. 10
B. 5
C. 15
D. 20
65. What was an element that GLOBE used to create regional clusters?
A. nonverbal communication
B. personal values
C. common language
D. population density
66. According to the Germanic culture cluster, the most desirable leadership behavior is
______.
A. charismatic/value-based leadership
B. participative leadership
C. self-protective leadership
D. autonomous leadership
67. According to the research, the Eastern Europe cluster scored high on ______.
A. in–group collectivism
B. future orientation
C. performance orientation
D. uncertainty avoidance
68. According to the text, the conceptualization of leadership used by GLOBE was
derived in part from ______.
A. transformational leadership theory
B. implicit leadership theory
C. LMX theory
D. transactional theory
69. A major factor in the need for increased cross-cultural awareness is ______.
A. increase of globalization
B. environmental issues
C. changes in civil rights
D. government regulation
70. A criticism of the GLOBE research study, cited in the text, is ______.
A. the way the study measured leadership
B. the narrow scope of the study
C. underdeveloped quantitative research design
D. classification system is not as expansive as the Hofstede classification system
71. Training and development programs using the cultural behaviors, dimensions, and
clusters from the GLOBE studies could focus on all except which of the following topics
to help leaders be more effective in working with others from different cultures?
A. teaching cultural sensitivity
B. helping individuals understand their own cultural biases
C. new employee orientation programs
D. present stereotypical behaviors from multiple cultures
72. A portrait of an exceptional leader includes all of the following attributes except
______.
A. charisma
B. integrity
C. egocentric
D. interpersonal skill
73. A portrait of an ineffective leader includes all of the following attributes except
______.
A. asocial
B. decisive
C. malevolent
D. self-focused
74. Prejudice has a negative impact because it ______.
A. emphasizes collectivity in groups and cultures
B. allows for flexible generalizations to promote change
C. helps leaders think highly of another culture without sufficient evidence
D. inhibits leaders from seeing the many facets and qualities of others
75. Which of the following attributes characterize the assertiveness cultural dimension?
A. confrontational
B. altruistic
C. loyal
D. confidence builder
76. The power distance cultural dimension is concerned with the way cultures are
stratified to create unequal levels between groups of people. The levels of stratification
are based on all of the following except ______.
A. prestige
B. status
C. spontaneity
D. wealth
77. Which of the following is not one of behaviors associated with team-oriented
leadership?
A. collaborative
B. malevolent
C. integrative
D. administratively competent
78. Which of the following is not one of behaviors associated with self-protective
leadership?
A. conflict inducing
B. procedural
C. status conscious
D. autonomous
79. A required characteristic of the institutional collectivism cultural dimension is
______.
A. future-oriented behaviors
B. group cohesion and loyalty
C. consensus and collaborative efforts
D. shared power and equal influence
80. Globalization has created a need for all of the following except ______.
A. leaders with greater understanding of cultural differences
B. leaders with increased competencies in cross-cultural communication
C. leaders who are able to utilize cultural superiority to manage groups
D. leaders who are able to design effective multinational organizations
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
Difficulty Level: Moderate
AACSB Standard: Context of organizations in a global society
True/False
1. Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect
leadership performance.
2. Global leaders need to be skilled in creating transcultural visions.
3. One of the GLOBE cultural dimensions, power distance, is defined as the degree to
which members of a group favor strategic physical distance close to or away from
others.
4. Ethnocentrism can be a major obstacle to effective leadership.
5. Hofstede’s benchmark research identified six major dimensions on which cultures
differ.
6. A strength of the GLOBE study is that it provided a classification of cultural
dimensions that is more expansive than Hofstede’s classification system.
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
7. The GLOBE study identified only valued leadership attributes
8. There is one unified theory of culture and leadership.
9. Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect
leadership performance.
10. Assertiveness is a universally desirable leader attribute.
1. Describe the characteristics of leaders who demonstrate the cultural concepts of
ethnocentrism and prejudice.
2. According to Ting-Toomey (1999), why should global leaders be skilled in creating
transcultural visions?
3. What are two factors that can inhibit cultural awareness?
4. What attributes characterize the human orientation cultural dimension?
5. As defined in research by Trompenaars (1994), describe the characteristics of the
egalitarian versus hierarchical dimension, and person-task orientation.
1. How does culture influence the leadership process?
2. How are diversity and multiculturalism in the workplace different?
3. Propose some guidelines for how a leader can adapt his or her communication to
diverse cultures.
4. What is implicit leadership theory and how did it contribute to the concept of global
leadership behaviors? What are the limitations of this approach?
5. Plan a way for two countries that differ on future orientation (one with a high score,
the other with a low score) to negotiate an agreement on environmental protection.
Ans: Answers will vary depending on the countries chosen and each country’s future
degree to which the people of the countries chosen invest in the future, plan, and
6. Propose a transcultural vision that global leaders from all the culture clusters could
support and believe in. (Do not choose the obvious one: world peace.) Which cultural
values support your proposal? Which culture might be less invested in such a vision?
Ans: Answers will vary considerably.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Characteristics of Clusters
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking
7. Which of the nine cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE researchers do you think
most contributes to cross-cultural miscommunication? Give examples to support your
claim.
Ans: Answers will vary but should include an in-depth discussion of one of the nine
dimensions from the text.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Dimensions of Culture
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking