Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
Test Bank
Chapter 16: Culture and Leadership
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not one of Adler’s leader cross-cultural competencies?
A. to fight discrimination in the workplace
B. to understand worldwide business, political, and cultural environments
C. to learn the perspectives and technologies of other cultures
D. to adapt to living and communicating in other cultures
2. At the new student orientation of your university, the guides taught you the common
cheer that is a part of most sporting and other major assemblies on campus. The
process of learning this common language and tradition of your university describes the
definition of which of the following: ______.
A. diversity
B. prejudice
C. ethnocentrism
D. culture
3. Culture as defined in the text is ______.
A. common actions of a group of people who care about each other
B. learned beliefs, values, symbols, and norms that are common to a group of people
C. learned beliefs and norms that are common to more than one group of people
D. common tendency of one group to place their group in higher regard than other
groups
4. The existence of different cultures or ethnicities within a group or organization is the
definition of ______.
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
A. multicultural
B. ethnocentrism
C. diversity
D. prejudice
5. Jenny is the project manager of a small web design firm. She identifies with Christian
and American cultures. Working alone, Jenny created the work flow calendar for the
next six months, carefully including days off for Easter and the Fourth of July. Rajiv, one
of the firm’s new designers who practices Islam, was disappointed to see that Jenny
scheduled a huge project in late June during one of his important cultural holidays,
Ramadan. hen Jenny was designing the work calendar, she was using ______.
A. multicultural sensitivity
B. ethnocentrism
C. prejudice
D. cultural competence
6. “Why on earth do some countries function in non-democratic ways, especially not
allowing the right for all adults to vote?” This statement is an example of ______.
A. multicultural competence
B. diversity
C. egalitarianism
D. ethnocentrism
7. Why is ethnocentrism an obstacle to effective leadership?
A. it prevents people from fully respecting the viewpoints of others
B. it is focused on cultural competence, not individual rights
C. it is focused on diversity of opinions of others
D. it encourages understanding of multiple viewpoints of others
8. The largely fixed attitude, belief, or emotion held by an individual about another
individual or group based on faulty or unsubstantiated data is the definition of ______.
A. ethnocentrism
B. culture
C. prejudice
D. diversity
9. “Men just seem to be naturally better at math than women; that’s just a fact!” This
statement is an example of ______.
A. prejudice
B. gender egalitarianism
C. institutional collectivism
D. diversity
10. Which scholar reported that a primary characteristic of culture is the degree to which
the culture is individualistic or collectivistic?
A. Greenleaf
B. Hall
C. Trompenaars
D. Eagly
11. Trompenaars completed a large survey of people in 47 different countries and
determined two organizational cultural classifications: ______.
A. power distance and uncertainty avoidance
B. person versus task and in-group versus out-group
C. egalitarian versus hierarchical and institutional versus in-group collectivism
D. person versus task and egalitarian versus hierarchical
12. Hofstede’s five dimensions on which culture differs include all of the following except
______.
A. uncertainty avoidance
B. masculinity-femininity
C. performance orientation
D. long-term-short-term orientation
13. Which scholar(s) authored Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE
Study of 62 Societies?
A. House et al.
B. Hofstede
C. Heifetz
D. Avolio et al.
14. How many cultural dimensions did the GLOBE researchers identify?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 9
15. Which cultural dimension is defined as the extent to which a society, organization, or
group relies on established social norms, rituals, and procedures to make things more
predictable and less unclear?
A. power distance
B. uncertainty avoidance
C. in-group collectivism
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SAGE Publications, 2019
D. gender egalitarianism
16. The power distance cultural dimension in the GLOBE studies is defined as ______.
A. the degree to which cultural norms are clearly defined
B. the degree to which gender inequality is viewed
C. the degree to which the group expects that power should be shared unequally
D. the degree to which the group is expected to take collective action
17. The cultural dimension defined as the degree to which an organization encourages
institutional or societal collective action is ______.
A. in–group collectivism
B. future orientation
C. assertiveness
D. institutional collectivism
18. The extent to which people are devoted to their organizations and families is
______.
A. in–group collectivism
B. future orientation
C. institutional collectivism
D. humane orientation
19. In my organization, women and men share power and influence equally. My
organization uses a high degree of which dimension of culture?
A. power distance
B. humane orientation
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SAGE Publications, 2019
C. institutional collectivism
D. gender egalitarianism
20. The assertiveness dimension of culture in the GLOBE studies is described as
______.
A. the degree to which people assert their influence when planning for the future
B. the degree to which people in the culture are determined and confrontational
C. the degree to which a society provides rewards for excellence
D. the degree to which a society relies on established procedures to avoid failure
21. The extent to which people engage in behaviors such as planning, investing in the
future, and delaying gratification is which cultural dimension?
A. power distance
B. future orientation
C. institutional collectivism
D. gender egalitarianism
22. I am really lucky to belong to an organization that places an emphasis on rewarding
us for meeting challenging goals. My organization in this example is using which cultural
dimension from the GLOBE studies?
A. performance orientation
B. future orientation
C. institutional collectivism
D. gender egalitarianism
23. The dimension of culture that is concerned with how much a society or organization
emphasizes sensitivity to others, social support, and community values is ______.
A. values orientation
B. future orientation
C. in-group orientation
D. humane orientation
24. The GLOBE researchers published data on regional cultural clusters that included
how many different countries?
A. 10
B. 32
C. 62
D. 107
25. How many distinct clusters, or groups of countries, are represented in the GLOBE
studies?
A. 10
B. 32
C. 62
D. 107
26. The questionnaires used in the GLOBE studies were analyzed to determine whether
the groupings of cultures were in fact valid. They found that ______.
A. the clusters shared some categories across the cultures
B. the clusters represented are valid and reliable in differentiating cultures of the world
C. the clusters represented are not valid or reliable in differentiating cultures of the world
D. the clusters did have some differentiation but also shared many categories across
cultures
27. In the Anglo cultural cluster, high scores were found in which of the cultural
dimensions?
A. assertiveness orientation
B. gender egalitarianism
C. power distance
D. performance orientation
28. Which cultural dimension had no high-score clusters?
A. future orientation
B. gender egalitarianism
C. power distance
D. uncertainty avoidance
29. People in which cluster in the GLOBE studies exhibit forceful behaviors but are also
supportive of their coworkers and treat men and women equally?
A. Latin Europe
B. Middle East
C. Southern Asia
D. Eastern Europe
30. Which cluster of cultures in the GLOBE studies have high scores on humane
orientations and are generally very concerned for and sensitive to others?
A. Latin America
B. Sub-Saharan Africa
C. Germanic Europe
D. Eastern Europe
31. What was the main purpose of the GLOBE project?
A. to refute the concepts found in implicit leadership theory
B. to determine how people from different cultures viewed leadership
C. to describe how transformational leadership is different in multiple cultures
D. to refute the concepts in Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions of leadership
32. Implicit leadership theory states in part that individuals have implicit beliefs and
convictions about the attributes that distinguish leaders from nonleaders. This concept
is similar to the main concept of which leadership approach in the text?
A. skills approach
B. situational approach
C. trait approach
D. adaptive approach
33. The GLOBE leader behavior of charismatic/value-based leadership is most similar
to which transformational leadership factor in the Full Model of Transformational
Leadership?
A. individualized consideration
B. contingent reward
C. model the way
D. idealized influence
34. I incorporate all staff into development of the purpose of our team by using
collaborative and diplomatic behaviors. Which of the global leadership behaviors am I
using?
A. charismatic/value based
B. team-oriented
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SAGE Publications, 2019
C. autonomous
D. humane oriented
35. My supervisor involves all of us in making and implementing decisions. Which of the
global leadership behaviors am I using?
A. participative
B. team-oriented
C. autonomous
D. humane oriented
36. Which global leader behavior is also a leader behavior in path-goal theory?
A. charismatic/values-based
B. team oriented
C. autonomous
D. participative
37. Our team leader asks us about our needs, is generous with his time, and
considerate of our personal and professional goals. Which of the global leadership
behaviors is our leader using?
A. participative
B. team-oriented
C. autonomous
D. humane oriented
38. My leader is only worried about his job and getting the next prestigious promotion.
He does not care about me or my co-workers. Which of the global leadership behaviors
am I using?
A. participative
B. team-oriented
C. self-protective
D. autonomous
39. I like working with my supervisor because she lets me do things the way I think they
should be done. She encourages me to be creative and unique in my approach to
problems. Which of the global leadership behaviors am I using?
A. autonomous
B. humane-oriented
C. self-protective
D. participative
40. Which of the six global leadership behaviors is focused on ensuring the safety and
security of the leader and the group?
A. self-protective
B. team-oriented
C. participative
D. humane-oriented
41. How does the GLOBE research inform leaders and followers about the different
ways in which the various cultural clusters view leadership?
A. the studies identified the four main leadership behaviors in each cluster
B. the studies identified the relative importance of the six behaviors in each cluster
C. the studies compared/contrasted cluster behaviors by similar geographic location
D. the studies compared transformational leader behaviors to the six global leadership
behaviors
42. The leadership profile that places the most importance on charismatic/value-based,
team-oriented, and self-protective leader behaviors is ______.
A. Confucian Asia
B. Southern Asia
C. Latin America
D. Latin Europe
43. The Nordic Europe leadership profile places low importance on which two global
leadership behaviors?
A. participative and self-protective
B. autonomous and charismatic/value-based
C. self-protective and participative
D. humane-oriented and self-protective
44. Which global leadership profile cluster does not place a high value on self-protective
leadership behavior?
A. Germanic Europe
B. Middle East
C. Confucian Asia
D. Eastern Europe
45. A strength of the GLOBE studies is ______.
A. no universal leader attributes were agreed upon, just like the trait approach
B. the skill level of leaders was identified among all nine cultural dimensions
C. the data in the studies included quantitative research methods
Northouse, Leadership 8e
SAGE Publications, 2019
D. the classification system used Hofstede’s five dimensions, which are considered
reliable and valid
46. The study of culture and leadership identifies the complex nature of the leadership
process and how leadership is influenced by cultures. This statement ______.
A. is a strength of the GLOBE studies
B. is a criticism of the GLOBE studies
C. is an ethnocentric view of leadership
D. is prejudicial
47. One weakness of the culture and leadership research is ______.
A. self-protective leader behaviors were consistent across all 10 cultural clusters
B. the definitions of some cultural dimensions and leadership behaviors are unclear
C. Hofstede’s five dimensions should have been used, not the nine dimensions from
GLOBE research
D. the subscales of leadership behaviors showed strong validity but lacked reliability
48. The six global leadership behaviors in the GLOBE studies helped the researchers
______.
A. identify the leadership behavior profiles of the 10 country clusters
B. identify the same behaviors from Hofstede’s research
C. identify the cultural dimensions used in GLOBE research
D. identify the universally desirable attributes in the GLOBE research