Test Bank
Chapter 6: The Sociorelational Context
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is an example of an involuntary membership group?
a. age
b. religion
c. occupation
d. education
2. Which of the following is an example of a voluntary membership group?
a. political affiliation
b. sex
c. race
d. family
3. A group whose norms, values, and aspirations shape the behaviors of its members is called
______.
a. an out-group
b. a voluntary nonmembership group
c. a racial group
d. an in-group
4. Reference groups serve which two functions?
a. membership and nonmembership function
b. voluntary and involuntary function
c. comparative and referent function
d. comparative and normative function
5. A role which has well-defined, perhaps even contractual behavioral, expectations is called
______.
a. a voluntary role
b. an informal role
c. a formal role
d. a membership role
6. A role whose behavioral expectations are learned through experience and vary considerably
from person to person is called ______.
a. a voluntary role
b. an informal role
c. a formal role
d. a membership role
7. The total accumulation of our roles constitutes our ______.
a. membership groups
b. social identity
c. role hierarchy
d. voluntary groups
8. The rank ordering of roles within a culture is called ______.
a. social stratification
b. social differentiation
c. social cohesion
d. social positioning
9. In general, high-context collectivistic cultures possess ______.
a. strict hierarchical role stratification
b. strict social cohesion
c. loose social positioning
d. loose social differentiation
10. The nuclear family is prevalent in most ______.
a. high-context collectivistic cultures
b. low-context collectivistic cultures
c. high-context individualistic cultures
d. low-context individualistic cultures
11. The extended family is prevalent in most ______.
a. high-context collectivistic cultures
b. low-context collectivistic cultures
c. high-context individualistic cultures
d. low-context individualistic cultures
12. The difference between sex and gender is ______.
a. sex is learned and gender is biological
b. sex is biological and gender is learned
c. sex is formal and gender is informal
d. sex is informal and gender is formal
13. An important part of marriage in Kenya is the phenomena of bridewealth, in which ______.
a. money or some form of payment is passed from the groom’s family to the bride
b. men prefer to marry only wealthy women
c. money or some form of payment is passed from the bride’s family to the groom
d. none of these
14. Which of the following countries has a compulsory military service requirement for women
and where women constitute a third of all soldiers and just over half of military officers?
a. Kenya
b. China
c. Mexico
d. Israel
True/False
1. Voluntary membership groups are those to which people consciously choose to belong,
including political affiliation and religion, among others.
2. An out–group is a group whose attributes are dissimilar from those of the in–group, or that
opposes the accomplishment of the in–group’s goals.
3. Usually, though not necessarily, voluntary membership in–groups serve as positive reference
groups.
4. Roles prescribe with whom, about what, and how to interact with others.
5. Many individualistic, low–context, and small power distance cultures possess a relatively strict
hierarchical role stratification.
6. Many individualistic, low–context, small power distance cultures profess equality and
minimize role stratification.
7. In collectivistic cultures, familial relations are typically hierarchical and the decision–making
process usually is not democratic.
8. One group to which every human being belongs regardless of culture is determined by
biological sex.
9. Unlike patriarchal societies, in matriarchal cultures, the natural differences between men and
women are acknowledged and respected, but they are not used to create social hierarchies.
10. Unlike matriarchal societies, in patriarchal cultures the natural differences between men and
women are acknowledged and respected, but they are not used to create social hierarchies.
Essay/Short Answer
1. Compare and contrast in-groups and out-groups and how they affect behavior.
2. In all cultures people assume roles. Discuss the relationship between roles and
communication.
3. Choose two cultures and explain how sex and gender roles differ.