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1. A(n) ______ is a stated position, with support for or against an idea or issue.
2. A(n) ______ is a statement that provides a logical connection between a claim and its
evidence.
3. Claims of ______ focus on whether something is or is not true or whether something will
or will not happen.
4. Claims of ______ address issues of judgment—whether something is right or wrong,
good or bad, worthy or unworthy.
5. Claims of ______ recommend that a specific course of action be taken or approved.
6. Any information in support of a claim that originates with sources other than the
audience’s knowledge and opinions or the speaker’s expertise is called a secondary source or
______ evidence.
7. Warrants by ______ compare two similar cases and imply that what is true in one case is
true in the other.
8. A false or erroneous statement, or an invalid or deceptive line of reasoning, is called a
logical ______.
9. An attack on the opponent instead of on the opponent’s argument is called a(n) ______
argument.
10. In the ______ fallacy, the speaker’s argument relies on irrelevant premises for its
conclusion.
11. Speakers who use the appeal to _____ phrase arguments to suggest that the audience
should agree with the claim because that is the way it has always been done.
Answer Key
1. argument
2. warrant