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166
Chapter 7: Becoming Gendered
Multiple Choice
1.
A person’s private sense of, and subjective experience of, his or her gender is called
A.
monitoring.
B.
internalization.
C.
gender identity.
D.
ego boundaries.
E.
gender constancy.
2.
Which of the following is true, according to psychoanalytic theorists?
A.
Children of both sexes usually form their first identification with an adult woman.
B.
Boys identify more closely with their fathers than girls identify with their mothers.
C.
For a girl to fully form her identity, she must repress her original identification with
her mother.
D.
At around the age of one year, male and female development diverges dramatically.
E.
All of the above.
3.
The point at which an individual stops and the rest of the world begins is called a(n)
A.
gender identity.
B.
gender constancy.
C.
ego boundary.
D.
masculine speech community.
E.
none of the above.
4.
What has research found about social aggression in girls?
A.
It is often physical.
B.
It includes spreading rumors.
C.
It happens very infrequently.
D.
It has decreased in the last five years.
E.
It tends to end by the time girls are in high school.
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REF: p. 149
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5.
Even when people Kathy hardly knows tell her about their emotions and private lives,
she feels very connected to them. Kathy could be described as having
A.
rigid ego boundaries.
B.
permeable ego boundaries.
C.
unstable gender constancy.
D.
an androgynous gender identification.
E.
an unstable sense of self.
6.
Allison is a 30-year-old mother of two young sons. She and her partner, Mike, both
have full-time jobs. At work, Allison constantly feels pressure to work hard for
promotion to the next level in her career. At home, she worries frequently that she’s not
spending enough time with her sons and that her house is never clean enough. What
theme of cultural expectations of women is Allison experiencing?
A.
Be superwoman.
B.
Be sensitive and caring.
C.
Appearance still counts.
D.
Negative treatment by others.
E.
None of the above.
7.
Derek is frustrated because his girlfriend wants him to speak openly about his feelings,
but his male friends make fun of him for showing what he feels. Which of the
following elements of masculine socialization in the United States best describes both
of these pressures Derek feels?
A.
Don’t be female.
B.
Be aggressive.
C.
Follow the boy code.
D.
Embody and transcend traditional views of masculinity.
E.
Be successful.
8.
Which of the following is generally true of mothers’ communication with their children?
A.
Mothers tend to communicate with children more than fathers.
B.
Mothers typically focus on providing comfort, security, and emotional development.
C.
Mothers tend to talk about numbers with their sons more often than their daughters.
D.
Mothers engage in more eye contact and face-to-face interaction with children than
do fathers.
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E.
All of the above.
9.
Before leaving for work every morning, Laura spends about 90 minutes styling her hair
and applying her makeup. Before bed each night, she carefully selects the outfit she
will wear to work in the morning. At Laura’s office, the list of dress code requirements
for women is two-pages long. The requirements for men fill barely half a page. Which
theme of femininity does this describe?
A.
Appearance still counts.
B.
Being superwoman.
C.
Being treated negatively by others.
D.
There is no single definition of femininity today.
E.
Be caring.
10.
Daniel works as a barista at a small coffee house in New York City. He loves his job and
his customers love him. He has a very small apartment that he shares with a roommate.
His salary allows him to eat at restaurants a few times a month and to visit his sister in
another state a couple of times a year. Daniel is mostly satisfied with his life. However,
he feels a lot of pressure from his parents, especially his father, to go out and find a job
in his college major of economics. Daniel’s father frequently derides the coffee house
job and the size of Daniel’s apartment. What theme of masculinity is described here?
A.
Don’t be female.
B.
Be successful.
C.
Be aggressive.
D.
Be sexual.
E.
Be self-reliant.
11.
Topic or question should by authored by a student. See pages 8 to 10 of this
manual for details on this activity.
True/False
12.
Girls typically define their femininity in negative terms—as not masculine or not male.
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13.
Men tend to have relatively firm ego boundaries.
14.
Mothers are more likely to encourage gender-appropriate behavior in their children.
15.
According to psychoanalytic theory, families play a critical role in the formation of gender
identity.
16.
Newborn baby girls are frequently described as strong, big, active, and alert by their parents.
17.
In the United States, a current theme in views of femininity is that women should build
female networks of support to achieve success.
18.
Though many things have changed about gender over time, appearance is still a primary
measure and marker of femininity.
19.
According to some counselors, pressure to live up to ideals of masculinity has led to an
epidemic of hidden male depression.
20.
Men in the United States are seen as failing at masculinity if they try to transcend traditional
notions of masculinity.
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21.
Female babies tend to identify with their mothers and male babies tend to identify with their
fathers.
22.
Ego boundaries
23.
Gender identity
24.
Define ego boundaries and explain how they typically develop in masculine and feminine
people, noting both similarities and differences in development.
25.
Identify the themes (or elements) of what it means to be masculine in the United States. As
part of your explanation, be sure you provide brief, concrete examples for the six themes.
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Finally, discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed in
Chapter 7 of Gendered Lives) may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.
26.
Contemporary fathers are far more involved in their children’s lives than were fathers of
previous generations. Based on the ideas discussed in Chapter 7, reflect on the implications this
might have on the gender development of contemporary children.
27.
Identify the themes (or elements) of what it means to be feminine in the United States. As
part of your explanation, be sure you provide brief, concrete examples for the five themes.
Finally, discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed in
Chapter 7 of Gendered Lives) may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.
ANS: The themes of femininity may be found on pages 147 to 151.
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REF: pp. 147–151
28.
Children tend to be socialized into very strict gender roles. This socialization process and
these expectations tend to be especially difficult for children who are gay, lesbian, bisexual,
transgender, intersex, or otherwise genderqueer. Give an example of two specific difficulties
that queer kids may face growing up as well as a potential response to help ease each issue,
explaining how the response would directly impact the issue.
ANS: Answers for this question may vary. Students should draw from the material on pages
138 to 139 to answer this question but may use their own unique examples.
29.
According to psychoanalytical theory, how do most boys develop their gender identity?
