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15. Acrylic paint is a relatively new painting medium that ___________.
a. has great adhesive quality and makes an excellent glue
b. can be used on any surface without prepping the surface first
c. can be used with an airbrush when diluted
d. can be used outdoors since it weathers well
e. all of these are correct
16. Helen Frankenthaler manipulated acrylic paint in the ______ method.
a. impasto
b. airbrush
c. soak and stain
d. alla prima
e. drip and flick
17. Collage was legitimized as a fine art form by ______.
a. eighteenth-century nuns
b. the Cubists
c. folk artists
d. Tibetan monks
e. Robert Rauschenberg
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Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though collage was a technique used by eighteenth-century nuns, it was not yet considered a
fine art form. See CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO PAINTING.
b. Correct. In the early twentieth century, the Cubists legitimized collage as fine art form. See
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO PAINTING.
c. Incorrect. Though collage was a technique used by folk artists, it was not yet considered a fine art form.
See CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO PAINTING.
d. Incorrect. Tibetan monks did not legitimize collage as a fine art form. See CONTEMPORARY
APPROACHES TO PAINTING.
e. Incorrect. Robert Rauschenberg did not legitimize collage as a fine art form. See CONTEMPORARY
APPROACHES TO PAINTING.
18. ______ are delicate geometric designs made from colored sand by Tibetan Buddhist monks.
a. Mandalas
b. Illuminations
c. Sand designs
d. Gouache
e. Collage
19. The technique of ______ incorporates pasted paper.
a. trompe l’oeil
b. encaustic
c. collage
d. shaped canvases
e. body art
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20. The art work of Vik Muniz deviates from traditional painting media in that Muniz _____.
a. doesn’t use a paintbrush with his impasto oil paintings
b. paints on shaped canvases
c. uses junk and non-permanent materials, such as food products
d. combines his love for sculpture and painting in using painted plaster
e. works strictly as a performance artist
SHORT ANSWER
1. Identify five materials that could be used as supports for paintings.
2. In encaustic painting, what happens when the amount of wax increases?
3. Why is fresco painting so permanent?
4. Fresco painting can be considered a dangerous way to paint. Why?
5. Why do Tibetan monks make sand mandalas?
ESSAY
1. Jasper Johns used encaustic painting in his work The Seasons: Summer. Analyze the effect of encaustic
2. Explain how Diego Rivera’s fresco The Making of a Fresco, Showing the Building of a City shows the
44
5. After viewing reproductions in the text of different painting techniques, identify your preferred method
and evaluate the medium in terms of the pros and cons of working with it. Be sure to include a specific
example in your discussion.
45
Chapter 6
Printmaking
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The number of prints that an artist limits in one printing in called a(n) _______.
a. illuminated manuscript
b. monotype
c. end plate
d. edition
e. theses
2. The first and simplest printmaking form is _____.
a. the woodcut
b. intaglio
c. engraving
d. monotype
e. screen print
Analysis
3. In Japanese printmaking, the characters at the sides of a print _______.
a. introduce the title of the work
b. are marks of the people who worked on the print
c. signify a poem that correlates to the subject matter
d. identify the figures within the composition
e. all of these are correct
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4. Registration in printmaking means _________.
a. the artist needs to be licensed
b. the print is entered into a contest
c. the block is sanded down before printing
d. one block is used and cut down to size for each color used
e. separate blocks are used to print each color and are aligned when printing
5. Wood engraving is different than wood cut in that wood engraving_________.
a. is an intaglio process
b. is the opposite of a relief print
c. uses resin to cut out the unwanted material
d. uses the hard endgrain of the wood block
e. uses a waxy ground and a metal stylus to scratch the surface of the block
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6. In a relief print, what prints is the area that was ________.
a. left uncut
b. incised
c. drawn with a crayon
d. stenciled over
e. etched away
Analysis
7. What is one technique that Gustave Doré used to recreate the atmosphere from the poem The Rime of
the Ancient Mariner in his illustrations for it?
a. very small short stabs
b. long, thick vertical incisions
c. adding color to the wood block
d. using multiple blocks for one print
e. stenciling designs onto the block
8. Intaglio printmaking _________.
a. is the opposite of relief printmaking
b. consists of etching, engraving, and aquatint
c. uses metal plates
d. needs to be run through a printing press to transfer the image
e. all of these are correct
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9. What is the earliest form of intaglio printmaking?
a. silkscreen
b. etching
c. woodcut
d. lithography
e. engraving
Analysis
10. Paper was first invented in ________.
a. China
b. Germany
c. Africa
d. Japan
e. Italy
11. Burins are______.
a. what rolls the ink onto the surface of the plate
b. instruments for cutting into metal
c. used to transfer the ink from the plate onto the paper to create a print
d. the metal plates used in intaglio
e. acid resistant coatings
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12. The two printmaking processes that use acid to remove lines in metal plates are _______.
a. wood engraving and linocut
b. engraving and etching
c. etching and aquatint
d. aquatint and lithography
e. screen printing and monotype
13. Mary Cassatt was influenced by _________ prints in her work The Letter.
a. German
b. American
c. Japanese
d. Egyptian
e. Chinese
14. Lithography was first invented _________.
a. for lush landscape drawings
b. to distribute political cartoons
c. to make newspapers widely available to the public
d. to reproduce sheets of music cheaply
e. for advertising purposes
50
© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Though it has grown in versatility, lithography was not invented for lush landscape prints.
See LITHOGRAPHY.
b. Incorrect. Lithography was not invented to distribute political cartoons. See LITHOGRAPHY.
c. Incorrect. Lithography did not play a big role in the development of newspaper availability. See
LITHOGRAPHY.
d. Correct. Lithography was invented to reproduce sheets of music cheaply. See LITHOGRAPHY.
e. Incorrect. Lithography was not invented for advertising purposes. See LITHOGRAPHY.
15. The traditional material used as a printing plate in lithography is _____________.
a. Indiana limestone
b. Bavarian limestone
c. Italian marble
d. plastic
e. copper
16. The nineteenth century artist that helped to elevate color lithography to a fine art status was _______.
a. William Hogarth
b. Bonnie Maclean
c. Barbara Kruger
d. Mary Cassatt
e. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
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17. In contemporary art, to “appropriate” means that an image _________.
a. is not a controversial one
b. is meaningful to the situation
c. has been borrowed from another source
d. is drawn with a greasy crayon
e. has been abstracted and simplified
18. What social issue of the time was Barbara Kruger commenting on with her work Untitled (We don’t
need another hero)?
a. mass consumerism
b. printmaking as a fine art
c. military involvement abroad
d. macho tendencies in men
e. technological progress
19. The dark field method is __________.
a. the use of dark metal plates
b. based upon the color field painters of the mid-twentieth century
c. the ground that covers a metal plate in an etching before being placed in an acid bath
d. when ink covers the entire plate before being removed to create the desired image in monotype
e. the glue that forms a stencil in silkscreen
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Typically, the color of the metal plate has no bearing on the print. See UNIQUE PRINTS.
b. Incorrect. The dark field method predates the color field painters of the mid-twentieth century. See
UNIQUE PRINTS.
c. Incorrect. This “ground” is usually covered in wax and is not called the dark field method. See
UNIQUE PRINTS.
d. Correct. Ink covering the entire plate before being removed to create the desired image in monotype is
the dark field method. See UNIQUE PRINTS.
e. Incorrect. The dark field method is not used in stenciling silkscreen. See UNIQUE PRINTS.
20. A single test print made by the artist to see what the image will look like when printed is called a ___.
a. proof
b. etching
c. monotype
d. limited edition
e. lithograph
SHORT ANSWER
1.Why is printmaking considered a democratic medium?
2. List three examples of what makes a relief print.
3. Describe how Gustave Doré created his illustrations for The Rime of the Ancient Marnier.
4. Why is Bavarian limestone rarely used today in lithography?
5. What is the silkscreen process based upon?
ESSAY
1. What effect did the invention of the printing press have upon education?
2. How did Albrecht Dürer elevate printmaking to a fine art status?
3. Discuss the differences between a poster and a fine-art print.
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Chapter 7
Photography
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A __________ is a room-sized camera that was first used to study eclipses.
a. lens
b. camera obscura
c. 35mm camera
d. daguerreotype
e. aperature
2. The first permanent photographic image was called a ______.
a. negative
b. sun picture
c. rayograph
d. daguerreotype
e. none of these are correct
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3. The individual responsible for introducing the world to the first photographic image was a French
painter named ______.
a. William Henry Fox Talbot
b. Julia Margaret Cameron
c. Timothy O’Sullivan
d. Henri Cartier-Bresson
e. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
4. The first photographic film using the “negative–positive” principle was invented by an Englishman
named ______.
a. William Henry Fox Talbot
b. Julia Margaret Cameron
c. Timothy O’Sullivan
d. Henri Cartier-Bresson
e. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
5. ________ was a middle class Victorian and “amateur” photographer who attempted to capture the
essence of beauty through photographic portraits.
a. William Henry Fox Talbot
b. Julia Margaret Cameron
c. Timothy O’Sullivan
d. Henri Cartier-Bresson
e. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. William Henry Fox Talbot did not attempt to capture the essence of beauty through
photographic portraits. See TECHNIQUE AND DEVELOPMENT.
b. Correct. Julia Margaret Cameron attempted to capture the essence of beauty through photographic
portraits. See TECHNIQUE AND DEVELOPMENT.
c. Incorrect. Timothy O’Sullivan did not attempt to capture the essence of beauty through photographic
portraits. See TECHNIQUE AND DEVELOPMENT.
d. Incorrect. Henri Cartier-Bresson did not attempt to capture the essence of beauty through photographic
portraits. See TECHNIQUE AND DEVELOPMENT.
e. Incorrect. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre did not attempt to capture the essence of beauty through
photographic portraits. See TECHNIQUE AND DEVELOPMENT.
6. The function of the light-tight box that forms the main structure of a camera is ______.
a. to focus light on the film
b. to prevent unwanted light from hitting the film
c. to control the time of the exposure
d. all of these are correct
e. none of these are correct
Analysis
7. The ___________ is an adjustable opening that controls the amount of light entering the camera.
a. lens
b. shutter
c. camera body
d. aperture
e. none of these are correct
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8. George Eastman introduced a box camera in 1887 called the ______.
a. Polaroid
b. 35mm
c. Kodak
d. camera obscura
e. viewfinder
9. _______ was one of the pioneers of expeditionary photography, the precursor to landscape
photography, who began a career as a Civil War photographer.
a. Timothy O’Sullivan
b. Julia Margaret Cameron
c. Alfred Stieglitz
d. Henri Cartier-Bresson
e. Jacques-Henri Lartigue
10. After receiving his first camera at seven years old, ___________ used it to record and hold onto the
joys of upper-middle-class life in France before World War I.
a. Timothy O’Sullivan
b. Julia Margaret Cameron
c. Alfred Stieglitz
d. Henri Cartier-Bresson
e. Jacques-Henri Lartigue
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Timothy O’Sullivan did not document upper-middle-class life in pre-World War I France.
See STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
b. Incorrect. Julia Margaret Cameron did not document upper-middle-class life in pre-World War I France
See STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
c. Incorrect. Alfred Stieglitz did not document upper-middle-class life in pre-World War I France See
STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
d. Incorrect. Henri Cartier-Bresson did not document upper-middle-class life in pre-World War I France
See STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
e. Correct. Jacques-Henri Lartigue documented upper-middle-class life in pre-World War I France. See
STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
11. Henri Cartier-Bresson is best known for capturing ______.
a. portraits of women in domestic scenes
b. racecars
c. peppers
d. the decisive moment
e. none of these are correct
12. A straight photographer is defined as ______.
a. one who manipulates the negative or image once it has been taken
b. one who does not tamper with the negative or image in any way once it has been taken
c. one who photographs moving objects in a theatrical way
d. a photographer who creates portraits of wealthy individuals
e. none of these are correct
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13. Authentic, unretouched photographs that record important social conditions and political events are
called ______.
a. documentary photographs
b. portraiture
c. decisive moments
d. landscapes
e. fine art photographs
14. In 1902, the Photo-Secession group was founded by ______.
a. Edward Steichen
b. Man Ray
c. Alfred Stieglitz
d. Edward Weston
e. all of these are correct
15. Man Ray created images by placing objects on photographic paper in a darkroom and then exposing
the paper to light. He called these images ________.
a. portraits
b. rayographs
c. pictograms
d. photomontages
e. photorays
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© 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Analysis
a. Incorrect. Man Ray did not call these types of images portraits. See STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
b. Correct. Man Ray called these images rayographs. See STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
c. Incorrect. Man Ray did not call these types of images pictograms. See STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
d. Incorrect. Man Ray did not call these types of images photomontages. See STYLES OF
PHOTOGRAPHY.
e. Incorrect. Man Ray did not call these types of images photorays. See STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
16. The imaginative combination of photographic images in collages, an approach used by artists like
Hannah Höch, is called _______.
a. documentary photography
b. straight photography
c. rayographs
d. photomontage
e. negatives
17. Contemporary photographer _________________ is best known for recording the plight of the poor
and refugees at the turn of the twenty-first century.
a. Cindy Sherman
b. Sebastião Salgado
c. Sandy Skoglund
d. Lalla Essaydi
e. none of these are correct