Page 1
1.
“A cognitive process through which we observe people and events, interpret our
experiences, and form our own unique understandings,” defines which of the following
terms?
A)
perception
B)
information selection
C)
mindfulness
D)
communication
2.
Communication processing is how we ______
A)
encode and decode messages between two or more communicators.
B)
use technology such as cell phones or Internet chat programs to process and
transmit information.
C)
gather, organize, and evaluate perceptions and information we receive.
D)
chunk information into patterns to create meaning at a more complex level.
3.
People sometimes feel uncertain in new situations when they do not know what to
expect. This uncertainty develops when people do not have a(n) _____ to guide their
perception of the new event.
A)
stereotype
B)
schema
C)
attribution
D)
context
4.
Which theory helps explain how people change their attributions of someone’s physical
appearance as they communicate with them more?
A)
interaction appearance theory
B)
fundamental attribution theory
C)
communication processing theory
D)
cultural myopia theory
5.
Reduced cognitive activity, inaccurate recall, and uncritical evaluation are all signs that
a state of _________ is challenging one’s perception.
A)
selective attention
B)
undue influence
C)
narrow perspective
D)
mindlessness
Page 2
6.
Edgar, who is a communication major, finds himself frustrated by the number of times
his professors say “umm,” mispronounce words, and use awkward gestures—so much
so that he often misses the point of their lectures. Edgar’s perceptions are best attributed
to which of the following?
A)
interaction appearance theory
B)
selective perception
C)
mindlessness
D)
fundamental attribution theory
7.
The mayor of your hometown believes he is doing a great job, even though his approval
rating is low and there are protests outside City Hall every week. The mayor is
exhibiting what kind of perception?
A)
interaction appearance
B)
narrow perspective
C)
fundamental attribution theory
D)
selective perception
8.
When Joe shows up late to meet his friends for dinner, he explains that he is late
because he was held up in traffic. His friend Maggie reminds him, though, that they all
drove in the same traffic but that everyone else left early to accommodate the rush hour.
Maggie’s dismissal of Joe’s situational excuse for being late may be the result of which
common perceptual error?
A)
mindlessness
B)
interaction appearance theory
C)
mindfulness
D)
fundamental attribution error
9.
What five recommendations have been made for improving perception?
A)
Be thoughtful when you seek explanations, consider the perspective of the other,
look beyond first impressions, question your assumptions, and consider the
channel(s) being used
B)
Narrow your perspective, listen intently, speak softly, verify your perceptions, and
be careful of stereotyping.
C)
Remove barriers to your perception, be mindful of others’ feelings, listen actively,
do not use Facebook, and consider your first impressions.
D)
Stick to the facts, ask questions, question your motive, do not text, and adjust your
perspective when needed.
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10.
Ellen got angry with her sister because she does not call often but instead sends quick
text messages. After talking to her sister, Ellen discovered that her sister wanted to save
the phone for longer more intimate conversations. Ellen improved her perception and
become a better communicator because she did which of the following?
A)
Ellen knew she was right about her sister all along. She was selfish and
self-absorbed.
B)
Ellen questioned her sister’s assumptions and believed she was just too busy for
her.
C)
Ellen considered the channels being used. Ellen’s sister used text messages for
quick notes and saved the phone calls for longer, more intimate conversations.
D)
Ellen cut off all communication because her sister is toxic. She is better without her
in her life.
11.
Assuming that individuals, because they belong to certain groups, have a particular set
of attitudes, behaviors, skills, morals, or beliefs is called ______
A)
prejudice.
B)
cultural myopia.
C)
ignorance.
D)
stereotyping.
12.
“Politicians lie” and “young people are lazy” are both examples of ______
A)
mindless assumptions.
B)
stereotypes.
C)
narrow perspectives.
D)
deconstructed schemas.
13.
Which barrier to intercultural communication competence is considered to be the most
severe because it involves deep-seated feelings of unkindness and ill will toward
particular groups?
A)
stereotyping
B)
prejudice
C)
narrow perspective
D)
cultural myopia
14.
Homophobia is an example of _________ based on negative _________ about gay and
lesbian people.
A)
selective perception, stereotypes.
B)
stereotypes, interactions
C)
prejudice, stereotypes
D)
racism, schemas
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15.
Your awareness and understanding of who you are, as interpreted and influenced by
your thoughts, actions, abilities, values, goals, and ideals, is referred to as your _______
A)
self-esteem.
B)
self-concept.
C)
self-actualization.
D)
self-efficacy.
16.
While getting ready to go out for a night on the town, your roommate says, “You have a
really great sense of style; you make any outfit look great.” This compliment serves as
_____________, which you may choose to incorporate into your self-concept.
A)
self-actualization
B)
self-esteem
C)
direct evidence
D)
indirect evidence
17.
Our tendency to internalize our admiration for film and TV stars, models, famous
athletes, and political figures by comparing what we like about them to our own
self-concept is addressed by which of the following theories?
A)
social comparison theory
B)
self-efficacy theory
C)
media interaction theory
D)
social penetration theory
18.
Which of the following terms refers to the way a person feels about himself or herself?
A)
self-concept
B)
self-esteem
C)
self-efficacy
D)
self-actualization
19.
Jim chooses to invite two people he met in his English class over to watch a movie
instead of going to a larger party with his fraternity brothers. He says, “I feel like I’m
better one-on-one than I am in big groups.” Jim’s decision is based on his sense of
_____
A)
self-esteem.
B)
self-actualization.
C)
self-worth.
D)
self-efficacy.
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20.
Because she believes she is no good at speaking in public, Deanna puts off choosing and
researching her topic and doesn’t have adequate time to prepare and practice for her
presentation. Ultimately, she earns a failing grade on her speech and walks away with
her perception confirmed: she’s just not a good speaker. Unfortunately, Deanna’s
_________ set her up for failure.
A)
self-esteem
B)
self-concept
C)
self-fulfilling prophecy
D)
self-denigration
21.
When you feel as though you have negotiated a communication situation as well as you
possibly could, you experience ______
A)
self-presentation.
B)
self-denigration.
C)
self-actualization
D)
self-adequacy.
22.
Joe watches other people’s nonverbal behavior carefully for cues to what topics they
find interesting and what personality traits they consider desirable, and he modifies his
behavior in order to create a positive impression on them. We would refer to Joe as a
person who ______
A)
has low self-esteem.
B)
is a high self-monitor.
C)
has low self-efficacy.
D)
has low self-monitoring skills.
23.
Intentional communication designed to show elements of our self for strategic purposes
is referred to as _______
A)
self-monitoring.
B)
self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)
self-presentation.
D)
self-disclosure.
24.
What, according to your text, is true of low self-monitors?
A)
They lack self-esteem.
B)
They have positive self-esteem.
C)
They think that adjusting their communication style would be false.
D)
They implement situation-appropriate communication.
Page 6
25.
The act of revealing information about ourselves to others is called _______
A)
self-monitoring.
B)
self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)
self-presentation.
D)
self-disclosure.
26.
We are presented with so much detailed information that it would be difficult to make
sense of it all if we didn’t have schema to organize our perceptions.
A)
True
B)
False
27.
When Bo gets in line to use the cash machine, he would use a schema to make choices
about behaviors such as where to stand, where to look, and what to say.
A)
True
B)
False
28.
Researchers have found that reduced cognitive activity is a common sign of selective
perception.
A)
True
B)
False
29.
Selective perception is a challenge to our perception but is also usually active, critical
thought.
A)
True
B)
False
30.
Imagine that your mother watched a horror film in which young people visiting a
foreign country are abducted and killed. You tell her that you are interested in studying
abroad next term and she begins to fret that something terrible will happen to you. Her
perceptual challenge is caused by undue influence.
A)
True
B)
False
31.
A teenage basketball player who purchases the shoes his favorite professional athlete
endorses is probably making this choice because of the fundamental attribution error.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 7
32.
Attributing the success of a rival team to the referees making bad calls during the game
may be an example of the fundamental attribution error influencing our perception.
A)
True
B)
False
33.
When Michaela is not asked to interview for the part-time job she wants at her favorite
store, she says, “I guess it’s all about who you know and not what you know.”
Michaela’s perception can be attributed to the self-serving bias.
A)
True
B)
False
34.
Factors such as age and race can have a strong influence on our perception.
A)
True
B)
False
35.
Communication scholars believe that if we all embrace cultural myopia, we will
understand one another better.
A)
True
B)
False
36.
Stereotypes by definition are negative and unflattering.
A)
True
B)
False
37.
“Men don’t like to talk about their feelings” is an example of a stereotype.
A)
True
B)
False
38.
Negative stereotypes about a group often lead to prejudice against that group.
A)
True
B)
False
39.
Communication researchers believe that social interaction is a key aspect in developing
one’s self-concept.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 8
40.
Social comparison theory helps to explain how media images may contribute to body
image problems and eating disorders.
A)
True
B)
False
41.
Self-esteem refers only to the positive feelings one has about oneself.
A)
True
B)
False
42.
Self-esteem may be positive with regard to one attribute and negative with regard to a
different attribute.
A)
True
B)
False
43.
Research cited in the text finds that people who have high self-esteem are more likely
than those who have low self-esteem to desire public signs of affection from their
relational partners.
A)
True
B)
False
44.
A student’s choice of a major would probably be related to his or her feelings of
self-efficacy.
A)
True
B)
False
45.
A self-fulfilling prophecy can set us up for success in a particular situation.
A)
True
B)
False
46.
Self-efficacy can be defined as a prediction that causes an individual to alter his or her
behavior in a way that makes the prediction more likely to occur.
A)
True
B)
False
47.
When you assess your communication competence as sufficient or acceptable, you are
feeling a sense of self-actualization.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 9
48.
After a disagreement with his roommate over the cleanliness of their apartment, Dennis
feels frustrated because he agreed to a solution he didn’t find satisfying and decides that
he needs to revisit the discussion and be more assertive about his needs. Dennis’s
evaluation of himself reflects self-denigration.
A)
True
B)
False
49.
Low-self-monitors lack the communication skills needed to form satisfying
interpersonal relationships.
A)
True
B)
False
50.
Telling your new coworker that you prefer the color blue to red would count as
self-disclosure but is not going to create much intimacy because it has so little depth.
A)
True
B)
False
51.
Communicators who have a low level of sensitivity to feedback are likely to incorporate
others’ feedback into their self-concept and modify their behavior based on that
feedback.
A)
True
B)
False
52.
Spending time on Facebook may contribute to a distorted perception of the quality of
one’s own life.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 10
Answer Key
1.
A
2.
C
3.
B
4.
A
5.
D
6.
B
7.
B
8.
D
9.
A
10.
C
11.
D
12.
B
13.
B
14.
C
15.
B
16.
C
17.
A
18.
B
19.
D
20.
C
21.
D
22.
B
23.
C
24.
C
25.
D
26.
A
27.
A
28.
B
29.
A
30.
B
31.
B
32.
A
33.
A
34.
A
35.
B
36.
B
37.
A
38.
A
39.
A
40.
A
41.
B
42.
A
43.
B
44.
A
Page 11
45.
A
46.
B
47.
B
48.
B
49.
B
50.
A
51.
B
52.
A