79) Selena works for a U.S.-based manufacturing company that wants to build a plant in
Indonesia. Selena is concerned about the language barriers because she knows more than 300
languages are spoken throughout Indonesia. What is Selena’s main concern?
A) ethnocentrism
B) linguistic distance
C) power distance.
D) aesthetics
E) individualism
80) The aesthetics of a culture are found in
A) the arts, music, dance, and dress.
B) the acceptance of power by certain individuals.
C) the level of education in a country.
D) the agreement between those in power and those who serve.
E) the language specific to that culture.
81) Feng shui is a Chinese ________, considered to be the process that links humans and the
universe to ch’i, the energy that sustains life and flows through our bodies and surroundings, in
and around our homes and workplaces.
A) folklore
B) fairytale
C) belief
D) fable
E) myth
82) Based on the metaphor for Richard Nisbett’s views involving Confucius’s worthy picture,
what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners?
A) Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the
background.
B) Westerners observe things sequentially, thus fail to comprehend the larger picture.
C) Westerners are good at observing details but fail to comprehend the central message.
D) Westerners prefer larger than life figures to convey messages.
E) Westerners can report details about the background and foreground.
83) ________ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be
viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated.
A) Cultural shock
B) Cultural apathy
C) Counter culture
D) Cultural sensitivity
E) Culture transfer
84) ________ is best defined as a responsible effort to learn from others’ cultural ways in the
quest for better solutions to a society’s particular problems.
A) Cultural apathy
B) Cultural borrowing
C) Cultural sensitivity
D) Cultural aestheticism
E) Cultural assimilation
85) Jason is a marketing manager for a large breakfast cereal company. He knows that most
people in China eat breakfast like everyone else in the world, but he also understands that they
may not want the sugar-laden cereals his company is known for and he should consider
promoting healthier cereal options instead. Jason is revealing cultural ________ as he makes his
decision.
A) insensitivity
B) ethnocentrism
C) apathy
D) empathy
E) indifference
86) Jessica is new to international marketing and assumes that if a country speaks a similar
language as another country then both of those countries will also be interested in the same types
of products and services. Jessica appears to be suffering from
A) ethnocentrism.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) an illusion of similarity.
D) cultural sensitivity.
E) cultural borrowing.
87) Innovations that are most readily accepted are those that
A) cater to the values of the predominant religion of the society.
B) propagate faith in a set of beliefs different from the existing beliefs.
C) are apathetic to the existing cultural beliefs.
D) hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive.
E) offer some insight into the aesthetics of the existing culture.
88) Modern medicine has thrived in the United States together with the use of herbal remedies
from South America. This is an example of
A) cultural ombudsmanship.
B) cultural shock.
C) cultural hegemony.
D) cultural sensitivity.
E) cultural borrowing.
89) ________ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the
market, thereby minimizing resistance.
A) Planned change
B) Cultural congruence
C) Guerilla marketing
D) Lateral marketing
E) Culture equalization
90) The strategy of ________ deliberately sets out to alter those aspects of the culture offering
resistance to predetermined marketing goals.
A) planned change
B) top-down change
C) guerilla marketing
D) differentiated marketing
E) cultural congruence
91) Nathan decided it would be best for his company to introduce a low-calorie drink product
into the South American market that is similar to other products already in place in the country.
He felt this would lead to less resistance on the part of the South American consumer and the
products would sell well. What type of strategy is Nathan using?
A) linguistic distance
B) cultural intolerance
C) planned change
D) unplanned obsolescence
E) cultural congruence
92) The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to
A) determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation.
B) create a resistance to the cultural factor hindering acceptance.
C) wait for eventual cultural changes that prove the value of the innovation to the culture.
D) market products similar to ones already on the market.
E) introduce a product or service and simply hope for the best.
93) Morrison Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American
consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste and are leaner and healthier for a variety of
reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If
Morrison Foods follows a strategy of ________, they are more likely to have a successful
introduction of the new product.
A) cultural shock
B) cultural adiaphora
C) cultural syncopation
D) cultural congruence
E) reverse culture shock
94) Next Energy is advocating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy
sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major
petroleum-based products—automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Next Energy
is most likely employing a strategy of ________ change, a deliberate attempt to change the way
we do things with respect to energy sources.
A) unplanned
B) planned
C) parallel
D) syncopated
E) synergistic
95) The introduction of a Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. To
counter this trend, the Japanese are buying low-calorie, low-fat foods to help shed excess weight
and are flocking to health clubs. This scenario best exemplifies ________ change.
A) top-down
B) planned
C) central
D) unplanned
E) bottom-up
96) Describe how culture affects how consumers make choices and spend money. Provide an
example of a culture-based purchasing decision in one country that might not be typical in
another country.
97) Describe the various ways individuals learn about culture.
98) List and describe the four dimensions of cultural values as identified by Hofstede
99) Explain the concept of Power Distance and discuss how it affects culture.
100) Explain how linguistic distance is a necessary consideration for international marketers.
101) Illustrate the differences in “Asian and Western” thought as discussed by Richard Nisbett.
102) Explain how cultural sensitivity can lead to successful foreign marketing.
103) Describe how an awareness of aesthetic values plays a role in international marketing.
104) In the context of planned and unplanned cultural change, discuss the methods used by
marketers to overcome resistance to change in an international marketing scenario.