Management, 14e (Robbins/Coulter)
Chapter 15 Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior
1) Individual behavior in organizations includes ________.
A) strategies, norms, and roles
B) attitudes, learning, and motivation
C) structure, culture, and team building
D) policies and procedures
2) The study of group behavior includes the study of ________.
A) perception, motivation, and learning
B) attitudes and personality
C) norms, roles, and leadership
D) organization structure and culture
3) The goals of OB are to ________.
A) design, produce, and market products desired by consumers
B) explain, predict, and influence behavior
C) recruit, select, and retain qualified employees
D) identify social, environmental, and financial issues
4) ________ is a performance measure of both the efficiency and effectiveness of employees.
A) Employee productivity
B) Organizational citizenship behavior
C) Job satisfaction
D) Employee morale
5) ________ is defined as the failure to report to work.
A) Turnover
B) Tardiness
C) Absenteeism
D) Negligence
6) Andrew has been tracking how many positions he has to fill, and how many times he fills the
same position. He is concerned that so many people are leaving his organization. Andrew is
concerned about ________.
A) absenteeism
B) employee attitudes
C) turnover
D) productivity
7) Which one of the following is true for organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)?
A) OCB is a performance measure of efficiency.
B) The requirements of OCB are spelled out in employee job profiles.
C) OCB is the behavior leading to permanent withdrawal from an organization.
D) OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
8) Andrea closely monitors the job satisfaction of her subordinates because she believes
________.
A) she will be rated in this area on her performance evaluation
B) it is hard to discipline an employee because of the employee’s attitude
C) low satisfaction leads to counterproductive behaviors
D) satisfied workers are more productive
9) Organizational behavior is concerned only with group interactions.
10) The goals of organizational behavior can be stated as: If you can explain it, you can predict
it. If you can predict it, you can influence it.
11) Organizational citizenship behavior is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s
formal job requirements.
12) Organizational citizenship behavior impacts the success of the entire organization.
13) What is organizational behavior? How can the study of organizational behavior help
managers?
14) The three components that make up an attitude are ________ components.
A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral
B) active, behavioral, and adjustable
C) emotional, creative, and environmental
D) intentional, reactive, and adjustable
15) The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions is the ________ component.
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) mental
16) Which component of attitude is reflected in the sentence, “This is the best way to get to our
destination”?
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) emotive
D) affective
17) The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions.
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) spiritual
18) In the statement, “The highway is very busy at 5 p.m., and is scary to drive on, so I’ll wait
until 7 p.m. to go home,” the word “scary” represents which component of an attitude?
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) practical
D) affective
19) When someone chooses to act in a certain way, she is demonstrating the ________
component of her attitude.
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) practices
20) In the statement, “The highway is very busy at 5 p.m. and is scary to drive on, so I’ll wait
until 7 p.m. to go home,” the phrase, “so I’ll wait until 7 p.m. to go home,” represents which
component of an attitude?
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) emotive
D) affective
21) The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it
refers to the employee’s ________.
A) job involvement
B) organizational citizenship behavior
C) attitude
D) job satisfaction
22) The Hawthorne Studies proved that ________.
A) there is a correlation between job satisfaction and productivity
B) a high level of job satisfaction causes higher production
C) a high level of productivity causes higher job satisfaction
D) there is no relationship between job satisfaction and productivity
23) Bryan has heard that one of his best subordinates is not happy with his job and is thinking of
leaving the company. Which one of the following would help Bryan retain this employee?
A) Offer the employee a raise.
B) Find out which work incentive the employee values most.
C) Reduce the employee’s workload.
D) Hint at a promotion in the future if the employee stays.
24) Brianne has been coming in late and producing less recently, obviously dissatisfied with her
job. Her supervisor would like to know how to deal with these behaviors so they don’t spread to
other employees. His wisest course of action would be to ________.
A) discipline her for being late
B) send her to HR for employee counseling
C) ignore them and hope the situation resolves itself
D) discover the source of her dissatisfaction
25) The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and
wishes to maintain membership in the organization is the employee’s ________.
A) job involvement
B) organizational commitment
C) job satisfaction
D) organizational citizenship
26) Which one of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational
commitment?
A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
B) higher rates of voluntary turnover
C) higher rates of cognitive dissonance
D) lower levels of job involvement
27) ________ is employees’ general belief that their organization values their contribution and
cares about their well-being.
A) Job involvement
B) Organizational commitment
C) Perceived organizational support
D) Organizational citizenship
28) “Cody has retired on the job” is an expression used to describe ________.
A) a person approaching full retirement age
B) an employee who is disengaged
C) someone who draws retirement income while continuing to work
D) a person on extended medical leave
29) Mary dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are
inferior to others in the market. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or
otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. Although Mary tries to meet
the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take.
This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as ________.
A) negative feedback
B) difficult objectives
C) cognitive dissonance
D) management by objectives
30) The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the intensity of the desire to reduce
dissonance is determined by ________.
A) importance, influence, and rewards
B) resources, commitment, and organizational structure
C) stability, position, and power
D) awareness, status, and punishments
31) The regular use of ________ can alert managers to potential problems and employees’
intentions early enough to do something about them.
A) employee engagement
B) performance incentives
C) employee benefit plans
D) attitude surveys
32) Research indicates that satisfied employees have lower levels of turnover while dissatisfied
employees have higher levels of turnover.
33) Perceived organizational support is the degree to which an employee identifies with a
particular organization and its goals.
34) Low levels of perceived organizational support lead to lower turnover.
35) The cognitive component of an attitude refers to the beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or
information held by a person.
36) Job satisfaction tends to increase as income increases.
37) Satisfaction with one’s job does not necessarily lead to lower absenteeism
38) Individuals who experience low job satisfaction are more likely to leave their jobs than
individuals with high job satisfaction.
39) An effective way to increase the job satisfaction of customer service representatives is to
increase the level of satisfaction among customers.
40) Feelings of fair treatment impact an employee’s job satisfaction.
41) Job satisfaction is a better predictor of voluntary turnover than organizational commitment.
42) Employees with a high level of job involvement strongly identify with and really care about
the kind of work they do.
43) Highly engaged employees tend to have higher absenteeism but work harder when they are
present.
44) Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between
behavior and attitudes.
45) Define attitudes. List and discuss the three components of attitudes and include an example
of a statement that describes each component to support your answer.
46) Explain the three components of attitude. Give an example that incorporates all three
elements.
47) Explain cognitive dissonance theory in brief.
48) In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), “sensing” personality types are those who
________.
A) like solving new problems and dislike doing the same thing over and over again
B) use reason and logic to handle problems
C) have a high need for closure and show patience with routine details
D) see the big picture and dislike routine
49) As a manager, if you prefer to have a harmonious work environment and dislike
reprimanding your subordinates, you would probably score high on the ________ aspect of the
MBTI®.
A) perception
B) thinking
C) intuition
D) feeling
50) Which one of the following is true according to the MBTI®?
A) Introverted types are practical and prefer routine and order.
B) Feeling types use reason and logic to handle problems.
C) Perceiving types are rigid and structured.
D) Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.
51) If your boss could be described as flexible, adaptable, and tolerant, he or she would probably
score high on which one of the following aspects of the MBTI®?
A) extraversion
B) sensing
C) feeling
D) perceiving
52) If you are a good planner and purposeful, you would probably score high on the ________
trait of MBTI®.
A) thinking
B) perceiving
C) introversion
D) judging
53) Sandy is very good at precise work. She does not tire of repetitive work as easily as some of
the others. However, when faced with a new problem that requires an innovative solution, her
performance is not satisfactory. Sandy’s personality is likely to be classified as a(n) ________
type.
A) sensing
B) feeling
C) introvert
D) intuitive
54) Alan’s temperament is not well-suited to being a researcher. He tends to dislike doing the
same thing twice and has no patience to sort out information step-by-step. As a result, he often
jumps to conclusions. Alan is most likely a(n) ________ type of personality.
A) sensing
B) feeling
C) introversion
D) intuition
55) George gets along well with most people in the team. He is good at his job but needs to be
reassured once in a while. Another of George’s traits is that he is always trying to keep everyone
happy. George can be described as a(n) ________ personality.
A) sensing
B) feeling
C) introverted
D) intuitive
56) Doug is purposeful and an excellent planner. One thing that his team admires him for is his
ability to sift through a whole lot of information to extract precisely what is needed for a job at
hand. He is also a quick decision maker. Which one of the following personality types does
Doug fit into?
A) sensing
B) perceptive
C) extraverted
D) judging
57) The Big Five Model of personality includes ________.
A) intuition
B) judgment
C) perception
D) extraversion
58) In the Big Five Model of personality, ________ refers to the degree to which someone is
good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability
59) In the Big Five Model of personality, conscientiousness refers to ________.
A) the degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive) or tense, nervous,
depressed, and insecure (negative)
B) the degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, assertive, and comfortable in relationships
with others
C) the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement
oriented
D) the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over certain factors
60) According to the Big Five Model of personality, a person who has a wide range of interests
and is imaginative, fascinated with novelty, artistically sensitive, and intellectual is described as
________.
A) conscientious
B) extraverted
C) emotionally stable
D) open to experience
61) Darren enjoys many genres of music and art. He has visited several European countries. It is
very likely Darren is high in ________.
A) emotional stability
B) openness to experience
C) conscientiousness
D) agreeableness
62) It is very difficult to ruffle Doreen’s feathers. She has been called a rock, steadfast, slow to
anger, calm in the middle of the storm. Doreen is high in ________.
A) emotional stability
B) sensing
C) conscientiousness
D) thinking
63) A manager makes decisions very quickly and requires little information for making the
decisions. Which of the following is a likely reason for this?
A) The manager has low self-esteem.
B) The manager is high in self-management.
C) The manager is high in emotional stability.
D) The manager is high in risk-taking.
64) When coworkers need help, they ask Edwina. She seems to know more about the job than
everyone. She graduated with high honors from college and continues to learn all she can about a
variety of interests. Edwina would score high in ________.
A) openness to experience
B) perception
C) thinking
D) conscientiousness
65) Edward is the cheerleader type, always smiling, never makes an unkind statement, always
looks for the good in people and situations. Edward is high in ________.
A) emotional stability
B) feeling
C) agreeableness
D) perception
66) If you believe that you control your own destiny, which one of the following personality
traits are you likely to possess?
A) external locus of control
B) risk aversion
C) high self-esteem
D) internal locus of control
67) A person who believes that what happens to him is due to luck or chance is said to have a(n)
________.
A) internal locus of control
B) Machiavellian personality
C) external locus of control
D) self-monitoring personality
68) According to research, employees who have a high internal locus of control ________.
A) exhibit more satisfaction with their jobs than externals
B) are more alienated from their work setting than externals
C) are less involved in their jobs as compared to externals
D) blame their bosses for poor performance more often than externals
69) The words “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul” are consistent with
someone who ________
A) is high in openness to experience
B) has an internal locus of control
C) has an external locus of control
D) is out of control
70) Peter, an assistant manager, exhibits a distinct lack of emotional involvement with his
colleagues and subordinates. His entire focus is on achieving the goals he sets, no matter what
course he has to take to get there. These traits lead an observer to conclude that Peter ________.
A) is high in Machiavellianism
B) has low self-esteem
C) is high in self-monitoring
D) has an internal locus of control
71) An individual who is high in ________ is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and
believes that ends can justify means.
A) self-esteem
B) Machiavellianism
C) self-monitoring
D) risk taking
72) Which one of the following is true of a person who believes that “the ends justify the
means”?
A) He is likely to be low on self-confidence.
B) He is likely to be high in Machiavellianism.
C) He is likely to have an external locus of control.
D) He is likely to be risk averse.
73) Though clearly capable, Martina does not seem very confident of herself. She is always
unsure of whether she can handle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing
jobs that are fairly straightforward and involve routine work. She is also susceptible to
evaluations from other people. Martina seems to have ________.
A) high cognitive dissonance
B) a high Machiavellianism score
C) low self-monitoring
D) low self-esteem
74) If you like yourself, then your personality would be described as having ________.
A) an internal locus of control
B) a high Machiavellianism score
C) high self-esteem
D) an external locus of control
75) People with high self-esteem ________.
A) are more prone to conform to the beliefs of those they respect
B) are more likely to seek approval from others
C) are more likely to take unpopular stands
D) are more susceptible to external influence