REVEL Assets
10.1 Explain why there are more regime types in less developed countries than in Western
Europe and North America.
Activity: Module 10.1 Quiz
10.2 Summarize the main features of flawed democracy.
Activity: Module 10.2 Quiz
10.3 Describe the history, state, relations between state and society, political culture, and
political economy of Brazil.
Activity: Module 10.3 Quiz
Video: Laws against political corruption hurried through Parliament
Reading: Bolsa Familia: Brazil Focuses on Cost of Welfare as Growth Slows
10.4 Summarize the main features of semi-democracy.
Activity: Module 10.4 Quiz
10.5 Describe the history, state, relations between state and society, political culture, and
political economy of Nigeria.
Activity: Module 10.5 Quiz
Video: Islamist militant group Boko Haram claims responsibility for bombs
Reading: Nigeria President Shakes Up Party and Military Chiefs
10.6 Summarize the main features of electoral authoritarianism.
Activity: Module 10.6 Quiz
10.7 Describe the history, state, relations between state and society, political culture, and
political economy of Iran.
Activity: Module 10.7 Quiz
Video: Hassan Rouhani becomes new President of Iran
Readings: Young Iranians Ride the Wave of Social Change
Reading: Relaxation of Sanctions Lifts Gloom in Iran
10.8 Compare capabilities in Brazil, Nigeria, and Iran.
Activity: Module 10.8 Quiz
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270
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Typically, states with __________ regimes have little autonomy or capacity.
a. electoral authoritarian
b. semi-democratic
c. flawed democratic
d. dictatorial authoritarian
countries than in Western Europe and North America.
Topic: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
2. In contrast to the more affluent nations of North America and Western Europe, many less
developed countries:
a. are nearly all postindustrial societies.
b. have more industrial jobs per capita, and little in the way of service economies
c. are more diverse in regard to governance, levels of income and urbanization,
occupational structure, and ethnicity.
d. uniformly differ in regard to traditional and survival value systems
countries than in Western Europe and North America.
Topic: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
3. Examples of flawed democracies include:
a. Haiti, Kenya, and Brazil.
b. Brazil, Mexico, and Kenya.
c. Kenya, Haiti, and Iran.
d. Brazil, India, and Mexico.
Topic: Flawed Democracy
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
271
4. The most prevalent type of democracy in developing nations is ________________.
a. semi-democracy
b. weak democracy
c. electoral democracy
d. flawed democracy
Topic: Flawed Democracy
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
5. Many flawed democracies are wracked by _____________, making it difficult to
improve the capabilities of lower-income people.
a. large inequalities in wealth and political power
b. conflict between ideologically based political parties
c. rigid bureaucratic rules
d. ongoing economic problems, stemming from globalization
Topic: Flawed Democracy
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
6. Flawed democracies differ from semi-democracies in having:
a. regularly scheduled elections.
b. stronger states, with stronger foundations in society.
c. successful, broad-based political parties.
d. less economic inequality.
Topic: Flawed Democracy
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
272
7. Brazil was a colony of ____________.
a. Spain
b. the United States
c. Britain
d. Portugal
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: Historical Background
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
8. Brazil has a _____________ form of government.
a. parliamentary
b. mixed presidential and parliamentary
c. presidential
d. flawed presidential
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: State and Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
9. Which of the following has the most unequal income distribution, according to Gini
Index measures?
a. Nigeria
b. United States
c. Costa Rica
d. Brazil
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: State and Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
273
10. __________ has been historically the most important political cleavage in Brazil, but in
recent years __________ has emerged as a significant division.
a. Race; social class
b. Social class; race
c. Urban/rural differences; social class
d. Race; ethnicity
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: State and Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
11. Brazil’s ____________________ have hampered efforts to reduce inequalities in health
care and education.
a. Workers Party policies’
b. fragmented political parties
c. many disaffected middle-class voters
d. weak economic growth rates between 2000 and 2010
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: State and Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
12. Since 2000, the dominant political party in Brazil has been the ________ Party.
a. Democratic
b. Republican
c. Social Democratic
d. Workers’
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: State and Society
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
274
13. Race relations in Brazil differ from those in the United States because:
a. Brazil has lacked much racial discrimination, while having more class discrimination.
b. Brazil’s citizens of African descent formed a civil rights movement much earlier than
their U.S. counterparts.
c. Brazil never had state-imposed racial segregation, and racial categories there still tend
to be fluid and ambiguous.
d. Brazil’s Constitution has listed racism as a crime since the 1930s.
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: State and Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
14. People in Brazil are more likely to accept the need for ___________ than people in the
United States.
a. political equality
b. free markets
c. a strong state
d. certain levels of government corruption
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: State and Society
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
15. Brazilian leaders, ranging from Vargas in the 1930s to a military junta in the 1960s,
pushed for economic development through ________________.
a. privately financed industrialization
b. an emphasis on education and job training
c. state or public sector employment
d. state-led industrialization
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: Historical Background
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
275
16. Massive protests that took place in Sao Paulo and other Brazilian cities in the summer of
2013 involved:
a. middle class-driven demands for better public services and less corruption.
b. perceived increases in racial discrimination against people of African descent.
c. complaints about economic inequalities and class discrimination.
d. increasing demands to end poverty in the nation.
society, political culture, and political economy of Brazil.
Topic: Brazil: Political Economy
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
17. Semi-democracies include:
a. Iran, Nigeria, and Pakistan.
b. Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
c. Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Indonesia.
d. Pakistan, Nigeria, and Costa Rica.
Topic: Semi-Democracy
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
18. High percentages of people living in semi-democratic nations are more likely to identify
with ________________, as opposed to identifying with their nation.
a. political parties
b. their economic class
c. extremist organizations
d. ethnic or religious groups
Topic: Semi-Democracy
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
276
19. Many state officials in semi-democratic nations are recruited on the basis of
________________ rather than merit.
a. partisan, or political party, affiliation
b. religious affiliation
c. personal connections
d. loyalty to local warlords and religious groups
Topic: Semi-Democracy
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
20. In many nations with semi-democratic governments, ________________ was introduced
relatively recently.
a. ethnic identity
b. democracy
c. religious identity
d. regional loyalties
Topic: Semi-Democracy
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
21. A lack of ______________ makes it difficult for semi-democratic regimes to improve the
capacities of its citizens.
a. well-educated university graduates to staff state offices
b. state capacity
c. independence from former colonial rulers
d. foreign aid
Topic: Semi-Democracy
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
277
22. Nigeria is analyzed as a prototypical example of __________________.
a. electoral authoritarianism
b. an electoral democracy
c. a semi-democracy
d. a flawed democracy
society, political culture, and political economy of Nigeria.
Topic: Nigeria
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
23. Nigeria’s origins as a nation can be traced back to:
a. Dutch colonialism.
b. Portuguese colonialism.
c. French colonialism.
d. British colonialism.
society, political culture, and political economy of Nigeria.
Topic: Nigeria: Historical Background
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
24. Politics in Nigeria is mainly a competition among powerful people known as
______________ who reward client backers with jobs, contracts, or money.
a. big men
b. warlords
c. strongmen
d. patrons
society, political culture, and political economy of Nigeria.
Topic: Nigeria: The State
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
278