Mismanagement: A fourth explanation is that the new system has not been implemented and
managed well. Some believe that people often simply build bad systems, implement them poorly,
and rely on technology fixes when the organization has problems that require a joint
technology/process solution. Rather than increasing outputs or profits, IS investments might
merely be a temporary bandage and may serve to mask or even increase organizational slack and
inefficiency.
AACSB: Information technology
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.1: Describe how to formulate and present the business case for technology
investments.
Classification: Concept
32) Explain the three types of arguments commonly made in the business case for an information
system. Give an example for each.
Business case arguments based on fact: Many people, including most chief financial officers,
want to see the business case for an information system based on some convincing, quantitative
analysis that proves beyond the shadow of a doubt that the benefits of the system will outweigh
the costs. The most common way to prove this is to provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis of the
information system. Arguments are based on data, quantitative analysis, and/or indisputable
factors. An example of a business case based on facts is, “This analysis shows that implementing
the inventory control system will help us reduce errors by 50 percent, reduce operating costs by
15 percent a year, increase production by 5 percent a year, and will pay for itself within eighteen
months.”
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.1: Describe how to formulate and present the business case for technology
investments.
Classification: Concept
33) Explain how a cost-benefit analysis could be used to build a fact-based business case.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.1: Describe how to formulate and present the business case for technology
investments.
Classification: Concept
12
34) Which of the following is the main advantage of customizable software over off-the-shelf
software?
A) cost effectiveness
B) ease of procurement
C) problem specificity
D) lower risks
E) user-friendliness
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
35) The first phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is systems ________.
A) design
B) implementation
C) analysis
D) planning and selection
E) operation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
36) Which of the following is the correct order of phases in the systems development life cycle
(SDLC)?
A) analysis, planning, design, implementation
B) analysis, design, planning, implementation
C) planning, analysis, design, implementation
D) design, analysis, planning, implementation
E) design, planning, analysis, implementation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
13
37) The term systems development life cycle (SDLC) describes the life of an information system
from conception to ________.
A) estimation
B) implementation
C) verification
D) retirement
E) development
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
38) Requirements collection takes place during the systems ________ phase of the systems
development life cycle (SDLC).
A) design
B) implementation
C) analysis
D) maintenance
E) operation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
39) ________ is the process of gathering and organizing information from users, managers,
customers, business processes, and documents to understand how a proposed information system
should function.
A) Data modeling
B) Requirements collection
C) Beta testing
D) End-user development
E) External acquisition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
14
40) ________ is a group meeting-based process for requirements collection.
A) Joint application design
B) Computer-aided design
C) Human-computer interface
D) Reverse engineering
E) Total ownership
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
41) Data ________ represent(s) the movement of data through an organization or within an
information system.
A) entities
B) flux
C) attributes
D) flows
E) modeling
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
42) ________ represents the way in which data are transformed.
A) Data parallelism
B) Processing logic
C) Data streaming
D) Process control
E) Transaction processing
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
15
43) Processing logic is often expressed in ________, which is independent of the actual
programming language being used.
A) semantics encoding
B) prefix code
C) source code
D) semiotics
E) pseudocode
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
44) In an information system, a ________ is the point of contact between a system and users.
A) biointerface
B) network interface
C) point-to-point link
D) human computer interface
E) data link
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
45) A ________ is a business document containing some predefined data, often including some
areas where additional data can be filled in.
A) form
B) script
C) sheet
D) report
E) module
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
16
46) A ________ is a business document containing only predefined data for online viewing or
printing.
A) form
B) script
C) sheet
D) report
E) module
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
47) The processing and logic operations of an information system refer(s) to the ________.
A) procedures for entering data into a system
B) transfer of data across system components
C) procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information
D) multiple points of contact between a system and its users
E) process of transforming the system design into a working computer system
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
48) Software programming and testing takes place during the systems ________ stage of the
systems development process.
A) planning
B) analysis
C) maintenance
D) implementation
E) design
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
17
49) ________ testing focuses on testing the correctness of individual modules and the integration
of multiple modules.
A) Developmental
B) Alpha
C) Beta
D) Destructive
E) Security
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
50) ________ testing is testing of the overall system to see whether it meets design requirements.
A) Developmental
B) Beta
C) Evolutionary
D) Alpha
E) Comparative
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
51) Jason has just made some changes to the information system at a company and wants to
check if the system is working correctly. What should Jason do to conduct a beta test of the
system?
A) He should ask other programmers to check the modules he changed.
B) He should check to see if the changed components are integrated well into the system.
C) He should ask users of the system to test it using actual data.
D) He should ask the software tester to test if the changed system meets design requirements.
E) He should test the changed modules for correctness.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Application
18
52) ________ testing involves testing of the capabilities of the system in the user environment
with actual data.
A) Developmental
B) Beta
C) Evolutionary
D) Alpha
E) Comparative
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
53) Developmental testing of an information system is performed by ________.
A) software testers
B) actual users
C) programmers
D) systems analysts
E) project managers
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
54) ________ testing is performed by actual users of the system.
A) Developmental
B) Beta
C) Evolutionary
D) Alpha
E) Comparative
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
19
55) Which of the following can be considered beta testing?
A) A programmer at Linus Systems checks the integration of multiple modules of an information
system.
B) Software testers compare the finished system against user requirements to see if it satisfies all
necessary criteria.
C) Taro Inc. checks the correctness of the modules in its new information system.
D) System users at URP feed data into a new information system to test its capability.
E) MNP Inc. checks the system to ensure that it meets all the necessary design requirements.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Application
56) Programming is the process of ________.
A) transforming the system design into a working computer system
B) testing the correctness of individual modules of a system
C) testing the integration of multiple modules of a system
D) transforming raw data inputs into new or modified information
E) gathering and organizing information from users and managers
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
57) ________ is the process of decommissioning the current way of doing things and installing
the new system in the organization.
A) Reverse engineering
B) System programming
C) Adaptive maintenance
D) Patch management
E) System conversion
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 9.2: Describe the systems development life cycle and its various phases.
Classification: Concept
20