Diiculty Level: Easy
82. Before interstate compacts can take efect, __________ must
approve them.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 86
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
83. There are now nearly __________ governments in the United
States, including one national government, 50 state
governments, and thousands of county, city, and town
governments.
Topic: Deining Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Interpret the deinitions of
federalism, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of the
American system of federalism.
Page Reference: 75
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Diiculty Level: Easy
84. In the United States, the __________ deines obligations and
powers of both the national and state governments.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 81
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
85. __________ is a legal process whereby an alleged criminal is
surrendered by oicials of one state to oicials of the state in
which the crime allegedly occurred.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 86
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Diiculty Level: Easy
86. The __________ clause guarantees that the citizens of each state
are aforded the same rights as citizens of other states.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 86
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
87. Dual or __________federalism is deined as a strict separation of
powers between the national and state governments in which
each layer has its own responsibilities and reigns supreme
within its constitutional realm.
Topic: Deining Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Interpret the deinitions of
federalism, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of the
American system of federalism.
Page Reference: 75
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Diiculty Level: Easy
88. The case of __________ laid the groundwork for a central bank
and a uniied economy in the United States.
Topic: The National Courts and Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Assess the role of the national
courts in deining the relationship between the national and
state governments, and evaluate the positions of decentralists
and centralists.
Page Reference: 87
86
Skill Level: Analyze It
Diiculty Level: Diicult
89. The power to create post oices is reserved for the __________.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 84
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
90. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court deined __________ as
intercourse among the states.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 82
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
Short Answer Questions
91. Explain the diference between the powers that the U.S.
Constitution provides to the national and state governments. Be
sure to give speciic examples.
1. Explain that the powers of the national government are
limited to those enumerated in the Constitution and those
necessary to efectuate enumerated powers.
2. Explain that every power not speciically given to the
national government is reserved to the states.
3. Identify some primary powers of the national
government: to wage war, negotiate with foreign
governments, regulate interstate commerce, coin money,
etc.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 81 – 83
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
92. Explain the signiicance of Gibbons v. Ogden.
1. Explain that the Supreme Court recognized broad
congressional power to regulate interstate commerce.
2. Discuss the ways in which Gibbons v. Ogden served as a
basis for later rulings that upheld an expansive reading of
federal power.
Topic: The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.2: Diferentiate the powers the
Constitution provides to national and state governments.
Page Reference: 82
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
93. How do block grants difer from categorical grants?
1. Explain that categorical grants make speciic provisions
for how money allocated to the states will be spent, while
block grants allocate money for general purposes and
leave it to the states to decide how to spend it.
2. Explain that categorical grants give Congress greater
control over the actions of the states.
Topic: The National Budget as a Tool of Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Analyze the budget as a tool of
federalism, and evaluate its impact on state and local
governments.
Page Reference: 92, 94
Skill Level: Analyze It
Diiculty Level: Diicult
94. Explain factors that have led to the growth of the national
government since ratiication of the U.S. Constitution.
88
1. Note that the formal structures of the political system
have changed little since the 1780s, but that federalism
operates very diferently today.
2. Identify broad trends that have increased the power of
the federal government relative to the states. These
should include the growth of the national economy and the
development of transportation and communication
networks, all of which led to increasing demands on the
national government.
3. Discuss the role of the Great Depression in stimulating
programs that increased the power of the national
government.
4. Explain the role of political claims in this process; that
is, once programs are established, they create
constituencies that seek to defend and expand them.
Topic: The Politics of Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.5: Evaluate the current relationship
between the national and state governments and the future
challenges for federalism.
Page Reference: 95, 97
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
95. Deine unfunded mandates. Why are unfunded mandates
problematic?
2. Note that Congress often imposes signiicant
obligations on the states without providing any money
enabling the states to comply.
3. Discuss the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and
describe the ways in which it attempted to eliminate the
prevalence of unfunded mandates. However, even after
the act, Congress has passed additional unfunded
mandates.
Topic: The National Budget as a Tool of Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.4: Analyze the budget as a tool of
federalism, and evaluate its impact on state and local
governments.
89
Page Reference: 95
Skill Level: Analyze It
Diiculty Level: Diicult
96. Explain the doctrine of preemption.
1. Deine preemption as a situation in which national law
takes precedence over state or local law.
2. Give examples of national preemption including laws
regulating hazardous substances, water quality, clean air
standards, and many civil rights acts, especially the Civil
Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
3. Explain that the preemption doctrine has been used by
the courts to invalidate conlicting state laws and to strike
down state laws that intrude upon an area that Congress
has deemed exclusively within the province of federal law.
Topic: The National Courts and Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.3: Assess the role of the national
courts in deining the relationship between the national and
state governments, and evaluate the positions of decentralists
and centralists.
Page Reference: 88
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Diiculty Level: Moderate
97. Discuss the primary strengths of a federal system.
1. Explain that a federal system controls tyranny by
decentralizing power.
2. Explain that a federal system allows for local solutions
to national problems.
Topic: Deining Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Interpret the deinitions of
federalism, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of the
American system of federalism.
Page Reference: 77 – 79
Skill Level: Analyze It
Diiculty Level: Diicult
90
98. Explain the justiication of federalism from the Framers’ point of
view.
1. Explain that the federal system avoided centralizing
power in one institution.
2. Explain that the Framers feared that a single interest
group might capture the national government and
suppress the interests of others.
Topic: Deining Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.1: Interpret the deinitions of
federalism, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of the
American system of federalism.
Page Reference: 78 – 79
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Diiculty Level: Diicult
99. Why is it that people seem to identify more closely with the
national government than with their state or local governments?
1. Today, in part because of television and the Internet,
most people know more about Washington than they know
about their state capitals, and they know more about the
president and their national legislators than about their
governor, their state legislators, or even the local oicials
who run their cities and schools.
2. Voter turnout in local elections is generally lower than
in state elections and lower in state elections than in
presidential elections.
Topic: The Politics of Federalism
Learning Objective: LO 3.5: Evaluate the current relationship
between the national and state governments and the future
challenges for federalism.
Page Reference: 97
Skill Level: Analyze It
Diiculty Level: Diicult
100. Explain the privileges and immunities clause.