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Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 542 – 543
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
27. What is the main foreign or defense policy threat posed by Iran?
a. nuclear capabilities
b. economic collapse
c. trade disagreements
d. conventional arms
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Agenda
Learning Objective: LO 18.2: Assess the status of each of the issues that
currently dominate the foreign policy and defense agenda.
Page Reference: 535
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
28. Which of the following constitutes a significant, contemporary challenge to U.S.
foreign policy efforts in nation building?
a. The United States is no longer in a position to provide large amounts of foreign
aid to countries because of the current federal deficit.
b. Today many countries led by dictators are deeply divided, and citizens who call
for democracy are subjected to military force.
c. There is no clear goal behind helping countries rebuild after a dictator has been
removed from control.
d. Most countries needing help today have very negative attitudes toward the
United States.
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 547
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
29. Which of the following was a fundamental part of the George W. Bush
administration’s case for the 2003 war in Iraq?
634
a. Iraq attacked Israel in 2002 with SCUD missiles and was threatening to do so
again.
b. Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.
c. Saddam Hussein had provided Al-Qaeda with military intelligence and training.
d. Saddam Hussein had permitted Osama bin Laden to use Iraq for training
terrorists.
Topic: Introduction
Learning Objective: Introduction
Page Reference: 528
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
30. The Obama administration argued that it is in the world’s best interests to limit
access to nuclear materials, which is an example of which of the following policy
approaches?
a. realism
b. idealism
c. isolationism
d. containment
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 531
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
31. President Obama’s approach to securing peace between Israel and its neighbors is
an illustration of __________.
a. the power of deterrence
b. the power of economic sanctions
c. hard power
d. soft power
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Agenda
Learning Objective: LO 18.2: Assess the status of each of the issues that
currently dominate the foreign policy and defense agenda.
635
Page Reference: 534
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
32. Congress can exercise influence over foreign policy through its power to
__________.
a. command the armed forces
b. ratify treaties
c. recognize the sovereignty of foreign countries
d. receive diplomats
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 539
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
33. Which of the following is comprised of a broad array of the president’s foreign
policy advisers and is housed within the White House?
a. the Department of State
b. the Department of Homeland Security
c. the National Security Council
d. the Central Intelligence Agency
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 540
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
34. The __________ oversees the Transportation Security Administration, which
conducts passenger and baggage screening at airports.
a. Department of Defense
b. Department of State
c. Central Intelligence Agency
d. Department of Homeland Security
636
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 540
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. According to realism, what is the main driver of foreign policy?
a. protecting natural resources such as timber, oil, and fertile farmland
b. promoting a country’s self-interest
c. finding solutions to problems shared by several nations
d. reducing conflict
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 531
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
36. Which of the following comprises nearly two-thirds of the U.S. defense budget?
a. salaries
b. health care
c. training
d. private business contracts
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 543
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. The Obama administration’s foreign and defense policy has been largely guided
by cold calculations of the costs and benefits of action. It can thus be described as
a(n) __________ approach.
a. realist
637
b. unilateralist
c. isolationist
d. opportunistic
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 531
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
38. Like many federal agencies, the Foreign Service has faced what difficulty in
recent years?
a. maintaining the secrecy of its intelligence gathering operations
b. gaining the trust of foreign governments
c. overcoming the lack of coordination within the intelligence community
d. recruiting officers with Arabic-language skills
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 541
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
39. In what way can Congress check presidential power in foreign policy?
a. Congress can fire ambassadors who are not executing foreign policy according
to Congress’s wishes.
b. Congress can reduce appropriations for executing the president’s foreign policy.
c. Congress can change foreign policy with a joint declaration of two-thirds of
each chamber, which does not require the president’s signature.
d. Congress can negotiate treaties with other countries, even if the president
disagrees with them, as long as they are ratified by a two-thirds vote in the Senate.
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 539
638
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
40. Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of diplomacy?
a. counterintelligence
b. military threats
c. negotiation
d. confrontation
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 534
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
41. Which of the following has been a major source of conflict between the United
States and China?
a. trade policy
b. antiterrorism policy
c. immigration policy
d. environmental policy
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Agenda
Learning Objective: LO 18.2: Assess the status of each of the issues that
currently dominate the foreign policy and defense agenda.
Page Reference: 537
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
42. Which of the following would be the type of action taken by a U.S. president who
is a realist?
a. asking allies to join the United States in placing economic sanctions on a
country that is violating human rights
b. requesting a large increase in defense funding to strengthen the armed forces
and build more nuclear weapons to protect and secure the nation
c. sending armed forces into a country to overthrow a dictator and help the
citizens establish a democracy
639
d. seeking arms reduction agreements with countries that are producing nuclear
weapons
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 531
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
43. Who would the president be most likely to consult to determine the best way to
use the military to destroy North Korea’s nuclear capabilities?
a. the secretary of defense
b. the secretary of state
c. the Director of National Intelligence
d. the national security adviser
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 542 – 543
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
44. Which of the following is considered a major success of the United Nations?
a. the UN peacekeeping mission in Syria
b. the Arab Spring
c. the World Food Program
d. the Peace Corps
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 546
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
640
45. Which of the following has contributed to the military’s ability to recruit
minorities?
a. the military’s focus on recruiting high school graduates who are not college
bound
b. the economic downturn, which limited other career paths for minorities
c. the fact that more minorities are entering college
d. the fact that minority high school graduation rates have increased
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 544
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
46. Who is the president most likely to consult for advice about how to best take
advantage of the strengths of the various service branches when conducting a
military operation?
a. the Central Intelligence Agency
b. the Director of National Intelligence
c. the secretary of homeland security
d. the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 542 – 543
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
47. If the United States wanted to begin promoting democracy in a country controlled
by a dictator who was denying its citizens human rights, which of the following
would likely be the first step an internationalist U.S. president would take?
a. stockpile additional nuclear weapons in case the dictator became powerful
enough to be a threat to the United States
b. engage in a military conflict to oust the dictator and help the people establish
democracy
c. request that the dictator meet with the secretary of state to explore common
trade interests between that country and the United States
641
d. extend diplomatic immunity to any citizen who could manage to leave the
country and come to the United States
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 532
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
48. Which of the following policies is most consistent with a foreign policy approach
based on idealism?
a. imposing quotas on imported beef
b. working with the United Nations to reduce AIDS in Africa
c. launching a military strike to ensure access to Middle Eastern oil deposits
d. expelling diplomats from foreign countries under socialist control
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 531
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
49. Which of the following contributed to the intelligence community’s failure to
prevent the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001?
a. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence failed to coordinate the
movement of information within the intelligence community.
b. Each intelligence agency was created to collect unique information for a unique
client, so the agencies rarely shared information.
c. The agencies that had primary responsibility for gathering intelligence
information were not the same ones that had primary responsibility for acting
upon that information.
d. The intelligence agencies had been ordered by the president to work with one
another only during times of national crisis so as to keep classified information
from getting into too many different hands.
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
642
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 542
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
50. What is the primary factor driving U.S. foreign policy in Iran and North Korea?
a. the goal of developing trade relations
b. retaliation for the September 11 terrorist attacks
c. the goal of promoting democracy
d. the threat the countries pose to the United States
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Agenda
Learning Objective: LO 18.2: Assess the status of each of the issues that
currently dominate the foreign policy and defense agenda.
Page Reference: 535
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
51. Given the changing nature of war, which of the following changes to defense
policy would best prepare the United States for future conflict?
a. The military should increase the numbers of armed forces personnel and
weaponry, since terrorism focuses on military targets and future wars will bring
far more casualties and destruction to the military.
b. The military should reduce the number of armed services personnel but
increase the number of stealth bomber and fighter pilots, since less face-to-face
combat will be required in future wars.
c. The military should increase defense spending to build a stronger arsenal of
nuclear weapons, since nuclear war will be inevitable.
d. The military should reduce the number of armed forces personnel and
weaponry, given that armed conflict is becoming less of a threat in the twenty-first
century.
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 543
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Difficult
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