18
Making Foreign and
Defense Policy
Multiple–Choice Questions
1. The war in Iraq began under __________ and ended under __________.
a. Bill Clinton; George H. W. Bush
b. Bill Clinton; George W. Bush
c. George H. W. Bush; George W. Bush
d. George W. Bush; Barack Obama
Topic: Introduction
Learning Objective: Introduction
Page Reference: 528
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. One of the primary reasons for undertaking the war in Afghanistan was
__________.
a. nation building
b. protection of religious freedom
c. retaliation for the bombing of the USS Cole
d. protection of Iraq from Afghan military attacks
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
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Page Reference: 547
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
3. Prior to World War I, many Americans believed in a(n) __________ approach to
foreign policy.
a. realist
b. diplomatic
c. idealist
d. isolationist
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 532
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The day-to-day work of organizing for defense is the job of the __________.
a. Department of State
b. Department of Defense
c. Foreign Service
d. president
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 542
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. What is the role of the national security adviser?
a. to provide the president with information that reinforces the president’s foreign
policy positions
b. to act as a liaison between the Department of Defense and the military
c. to lead the Department of Homeland Security
d. to give the president independent advice about foreign and military policy
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 540
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
6. Who serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
a. the cabinet secretaries
b. the leaders of the armed forces
c. the president’s foreign policy advisers
d. the White House military intelligence corps
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 542
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Which of the following is true of the Central Intelligence Agency?
a. Most of the information the CIA gathers comes from open sources, such as the
Internet.
b. It is the second most important intelligence agency, behind the National
Security Agency.
c. It is headed by the director of National Intelligence.
d. After 9/11, it was merged with the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 541
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
8. Which international organization was created in 1945 by the victors of World War
II?
a. the League of Nations
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b. the United Nations
c. the World Trade Organization
d. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 545
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects Americans’ views
about foreign aid?
a. The United States spends too much on foreign aid.
b. The United States should spend more on foreign aid.
c. Foreign aid comprises a very small percentage of the federal budget.
d. The United States spends much less on foreign aid than other Western
democracies.
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 546
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
10. The Bush Doctrine, announced shortly after 9/11, reserved the right of the United
States to attack any nation under which of the following circumstances?
a. only with the support of U.S. allies
b. even without the support of U.S. allies
c. even without the support of U.S. allies, but only after all diplomatic attempts
had failed
d. only with the support of U.S. allies and only after all diplomatic attempts failed
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 533
627
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
11. Which of the following countries is a permanent member of the United Nations
Security Council?
a. Germany
b. Spain
c. Italy
d. the United States
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 545
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. What role did the United States play in the Libyan civil war in 2011?
a. The United States supplied arms to anti-Gaddafi forces and participated in the
air war.
b. The United States committed troops to support Libyans’ resistance to Gaddafi.
c. The United States stayed out of the conflict entirely.
d. The United States supplied arms to the Gaddafi regime.
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Agenda
Learning Objective: LO 18.2: Assess the status of each of the issues that
currently dominate the foreign policy and defense agenda.
Page Reference: 538 – 539
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
13. During the Cold War, the notion of __________ kept both the United States and
the Soviet Union from using their nuclear weapons, but also kept each on constant
alert in case the other dared to act first.
a. mutual active deterrence
b. multilateral accord doctrine
c. mutual assured destruction
d. military action detonation
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Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 534
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
14. Who instituted the Marshall Plan and who benefited directly from it?
a. The Soviet Union instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.
b. Germany instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit the United States.
c. Italy instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe.
d. The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 547
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
15. __________ is organized around a series of “desks” representing different parts of
the world and foreign policy missions.
a. The Department of Homeland Security
b. The Department of State
c. The Department of Defense
d. The Office of Terrorism and Finance
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 540
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. The cuts of 100,000 U.S. armed services personnel scheduled to take place
between 2013 and 2017 are a reflection not only of efforts to reduce federal
spending but also of which of the following?
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a. an armed forces reduction agreement
b. cold war
c. the changing nature of war
d. reinstatement of military conscription
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 543
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
17. How are members of the military currently selected?
a. They are all volunteers.
b. They are all conscripted.
c. About half volunteer and half are conscripted.
d. Officers are conscripted and enlisted soldiers are drafted.
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 543
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Why did the Bush Administration back away from the Bush Doctrine only three
years after announcing it?
a. The administration realized that a multilateral approach could reduce tensions
with other Middle Eastern nations.
b. The administration bowed to pressure from the United Nations.
c. The administration felt that its objectives under the Bush Doctrine had been
achieved.
d. The administration decided a unilateral approach would best serve U.S.
national security interests.
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
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Page Reference: 533
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
19. Although the Obama administration favors diplomacy in international affairs, it
has shown a willingness to use hard power in __________.
a. Afghanistan
b. China
c. North Korea
d. Russia
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 534
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
20. College students have used what major strategy in protesting the human rights
abuses in the Darfur region of Sudan?
a. testifying before Congress
b. pressuring their colleges and universities to divest from companies that operate
in Sudan
c. creating YouTube videos to raise public awareness of the crisis in Darfur
d. sending student ambassadors to the region to engage in talks with government
leaders
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 531
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
21. In striving to deal with the uncertainty of the post-Cold War world, the United
States struggles to balance which of the following two things?
a. domestic programs and foreign aid
b. individual liberty and national interest
c. free trade and intellectual property rights
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d. the public’s right to information and national security
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 550
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
22. What was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan?
a. to protect Eastern Europe from undue influence of the Soviet Union in the wake
of World War II
b. to help rebuild Europe after World War II so that it would be less vulnerable to
communist influences
c. to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction to unstable governments
d. to repair relations between the United States and the Soviet Union near the end
of the Cold War
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 547
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
23. Historically, U.S. foreign and defense policy has been based on two competing
worldviews known as __________ and __________.
a. isolationism; internationalism
b. realism; idealism
c. unilateralism; multilateralism
d. hard power; soft power
Topic: Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense
Learning Objective: LO 18.1: Analyze the questions and responses that shape
approaches to U.S. foreign policy and defense.
Page Reference: 531
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
632
24. __________ is an agency within the intelligence community that specializes in
electronic reconnaissance and code breaking.
a. The Secret Service
b. The National Security Agency
c. The Defense Intelligence Agency
d. The Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: LO 18.3: Outline the structure of the foreign policy and
defense bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 542
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Who was President Bush referring to when he asked a joint session of Congress,
“Why do they hate us?”
a. the terrorists who attacked the United States on September 11, 2001
b. the leaders of Iran, who threatened to launch a nuclear attack against Israel, an
American ally
c. the people of Iraq, who opposed the U.S. occupation of their country
d. the leaders of the Taliban in Afghanistan, who vowed to fight the United States
Topic: Foreign Policy and Defense Options
Learning Objective: LO 18.4: Evaluate the options for achieving foreign policy
and defense goals.
Page Reference: 546
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
26. What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of defense?
a. intelligence
b. diplomacy
c. homeland security
d. military policy
Topic: The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy
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