Beebe/Beebe/Ivy Communication: Principles for a Lifetime, 6e Test Bank
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.69 Define the concept of reciprocity.
Answer: Reciprocity refers to sharing information about oneself with another person with
the expectation that the other person will share information that is similar in risk or depth.
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
7.4 Fill-in-the-Blank
TB_Q7.70 A relationship that forms situationally, simply because one’s life
overlaps with another in some way is a relationship of _____.
Answer: circumstance
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.71 A relationship that is sought out and intentionally developed is a
relationship of _____.
Answer: choice
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.72 A _____ attraction is the degree to which one is drawn to another
person’s bodily attributes.
Answer: physical
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.73 The _____ hypothesis is the tendency for one to seek out individuals
who represent the same level of physical attractiveness as oneself.
Answer: matching
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.74 The tendency to be attracted to persons with abilities, interests, and
needs that differ from one’s own, but that balance or round out one’s own, is
called _____.
Answer: complementarity
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.75 _____ refers to the likelihood being attracted to your neighbor because
he or she lives right next door.
Answer: Proximity
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.76 Perception checking and getting information from third parties
describes the _____ strategy of uncertainty reduction.
Answer: active
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.77 _____ theory studies the driving human motivation to increase
predictability by reducing the unknown in one’s circumstances.
Answer: Uncertainty reduction
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.78 Self-_____ refers to voluntarily providing information to others that they
would not learn if you did not tell them.
Answer: disclosure
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.79 The three properties of self-disclosure discussed in the textbook are
reciprocity, appropriateness, and _____.
Answer: risk
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.80 Altman and Taylor’s model looks at the _____ of information, which
refers to how many different issues are discussed by two people. In addition, the
model looks at the _____ of information, which looks at the level of intimacy
represented by that information.
Beebe/Beebe/Ivy Communication: Principles for a Lifetime, 6e Test Bank
Answer: breadth; depth
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.81 The _____ quadrant in the Johari Window represents information that is
known by self but is not revealed to others.
Answer: hidden
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q7.82 In the Johari Window, information that is known by self and others is
represented by the _____ quadrant.
Answer: open
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
7.5 Essay Questions
TB_Q7.83 In a well-supported essay, discuss the three unique attributes of
interpersonal communication as defined in your book.
Answer: First, interpersonal communication involves quality, which means that a person
treats another as a unique human being rather than as a person in an impersonal role.
An example would be listening and observing the other person carefully, and responding
to any emotional messages or what their particular experience might be. For example,
asking a clerk in a store, “Busy day, today?” and listening to the answer rather than just
conducting a transaction.
Second, interpersonal communication involves mutual influence, which means that each
person in the interaction is affected. For example, if a friend is telling you about a
problem, and you are listening intently, even though your friend might be doing the
trying to reduce our uncertainty about others by finding areas we have in common. In this
TB_Q7.84 Detail the factors that are taken into account in interpersonal attraction
Answer: Physical attraction acts as a filter to limit the possibilities for relationships. We
use physical attraction to make an initial assessment of the desirability of pursuing a
relationship. We tend to seek out others who are somewhat similar to us physically.
Sexual attraction usually goes in tandem with physical attraction, but physical attraction
does not automatically mean sexual attraction. Proximity is an essential element that
helps determine to whom we will be attracted. We are simply more likely to come into
contact with people who are physically close. This proximity also increases the likelihood
of communication. The ability to exchange information increases our ability to make an
informed choice. This does not mean that people who are physically distant cannot
initiate and develop relationships, but it is more difficult and takes more time and energy
to accomplish. The Internet has helped in this area to open us up to people who are far
away. Similarity in attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors is also a factor in attraction.
We tend to like people who are like us. While differences may add spice to a
relationship, similarities are the real foundation of long-term relationships. Similarity may
also affect proximity in as much as we are more likely to come into contact with people
who share similar interests and activities. Complementarity affects attraction through our
assessment of how well the other person can satisfy our needs. When people are
attracted to others whose abilities, interests, and needs differ from but round out their
own, they share complementarity of abilities and needs. This increases the likelihood
that both people will have their needs met. In fact, we seek out people who can satisfy
our needs.
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q7.85 Explain the three strategies provided in the textbook for reducing
uncertainty.
Answer: We typically use one of three strategies to reduce uncertainty. With the passive
strategy, we seek information by observing people, scoping out situations, and so forth
before more actively working to reduce uncertainty. With the active strategy, we might
decide, after using the passive strategy, to check our perceptions of things with a third
party. Our final strategy, the interactive strategy, is communicating directly with the
person who has the most potential to reduce our uncertainty.
Learning Objective: LO 7.2 Describe the roles of communication in revealing
interpersonal attraction and initiating relationships.
Topic: Initiating Relationships
state, self-disclosure is usually not at a deep level. Melanie probably thought the details
of Stephanie’s sexual assault were inappropriate at this stage of their relationship.
Stephanie should be aware that as relationships progress and trust develops, self-
disclosure can deepen, but it can be damaging early in a relationship. Stephanie also
took a risk to make herself vulnerable. If she had assessed the risks, she may have
decided that the disclosure was not worth the risk. She did not really know Melanie and
that level of trust had not been established.
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q7.87 Explain the properties of self-disclosure.
Answer: (1) Self-disclosure consists of three properties. Reciprocity involves sharing
information about ourself with the expectation that the other person will share information
that is similar in risk and depth. (2) Appropriateness refers to gauging how much
information we will reveal to another person and when we will reveal it. In the early stage
of a relationship, we may decide not to reveal something that will be easier to reveal at a
later stage. (3) Risk has the potential to deepen a relationship and enhance trust. But
self-disclosure itself is not without risk because in our increasingly open culture,
protecting our privacy is a challenge.
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q7.88 Explain the usefulness of the Johari Window.
Answer: The Johari Window is used to explain how self-disclosure varies among
relationships. Through the window, we can see the degrees of our self-awareness as
well as the various stages of the development of our relationships and how others
perceive us. This information can be useful in disclosing information about ourselves and
better understanding how our relationships are developing.
Learning Objective: LO 7.3 Explain the roles of self-disclosure and emotional expression
in maintaining face-to-face and online relationships.
Topic: Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It