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Beebe/Beebe/Ivy Communication: Principles for a Lifetime, 6e Test Bank
Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Practice six communication strategies for enhancing one’s self-
esteem.
Topic: Communication and the Enhancement of Self-Esteem
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q2.71 Explain the concept of “losing your baggage” and its effect on self-esteem.
Answer: Losing your baggage refers to the ability to mentally inventory past experiences and
then decide to let go of and move past those experiences that cause our present day-to-day self-
esteem to suffer.
Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Practice six communication strategies for enhancing one’s self-
esteem.
Topic: Communication and the Enhancement of Self-Esteem
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q2.72 Detail the three stages of the perception process.
Answer: Perception is the arousal of any of our senses. This occurs in three stages. The first
stage involves the activities of attention and selection, which entails the act of perceiving all stimuli
in the environment and then choosing specific stimuli to focus on. The second stage is
organization, the process of converting the information into convenient, understandable, and
efficient patterns that allow a person to make sense of what they are observing. The final stage in
the process is interpretation when we attach meaning to what we observe. Since our
interpretations can be off, we may perceive a situation one way when in fact something else is
occurring.
Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Explain the three stages of perception and why people differ in their
perceptions of people and events.
Topic: The Perception Process
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
2.4 Fill-in-the-Blank
TB_Q2.73 Jillian effectively uses public speaking skills without having to concentrate
heavily on what she is doing. Jillian is functioning at a level of _____ on Maslow’s
framework.
Answer: unconscious competence
Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Discuss the importance of self-awareness in the process of improving
one’s communication skills.
Topic: Self-Awareness: How Well Do You Know Yourself?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q2.74 _____ are components of self-concept that are expressed as enduring concepts
of good and bad or right and wrong.
Answer: Values
Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Describe the components of our self-concepts and major influences on
the development of self-concept.
Topic: Self-Concept: Who Are You?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Topic: Self-Concept: Who Are You?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q2.76 _____ are components of self-concept that are expressed in the ways in which
you structure your understanding of reality—what is true and what is false.
Answer: Beliefs
Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Describe the components of our self-concepts and major influences on
the development of self-concept.
Topic: Self-Concept: Who Are You?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q2.77 According to William James’s model of the self, the _____ self is the part of
yourself that is defined through the process of your introspections about your values and
moral standards.
Answer: spiritual
Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Describe the components of our self-concepts and major influences on
the development of self-concept.
Topic: Self-Concept: Who Are You?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q2.78 Your _____ identity is one that others assign to you and you may not agree with.
Answer: ascribed
Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Describe the components of our self-concepts and major influences on
the development of self-concept.
Topic: Self-Concept: Who Are You?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q2.79 An evaluation of one’s worth or value that can fluctuate is known as _____.
Answer: self-esteem
Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe how gender, social comparisons, self-expectations, and self-
fulfilling prophecies affect one’s self-esteem.
Topic: Self-Esteem: What Is Your Value?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q2.80 A social construction that encompasses biological sex, psychological
characteristics, attitudes about the sexes, and sexual orientation is known as _____.
Answer: gender
Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe how gender, social comparisons, self-expectations, and self-
fulfilling prophecies affect one’s self-esteem.
Topic: Self-Esteem: What Is Your Value?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q2.81 A method for reducing anxiety or boosting your sense of self-esteem by mentally
imagining you are performing a particular task in a certain way is _____.
Answer: visualization
Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Practice six communication strategies for enhancing one’s self-esteem.
Topic: Communication and the Enhancement of Self-Esteem
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q2.82 The activity involved in perception when we convert information into convenient,
understandable, and efficient patterns that allow us to make sense of what we have
observed is called _____.
Answer: organization
Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Explain the three stages of perception and why people differ in their
perceptions of people and events.
Topic: The Perception Process
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q2.83 A generalization that we apply to persons because we perceive them to have
attributes common to a particular group is called a _____.
Answer: stereotype
Learning Objective: LO 2.6 Summarize three communication strategies that can improve your
powers of perception.
Topic: Communicate to Enhance Your Powers of Perception
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q2.84 If you notice that your roommate doesn’t make eye contact when he answers your
questions and turns his back to you when you enter the room, you have gained information
about him through _____ perception checking.
Answer: indirect
Learning Objective: LO 2.6 Summarize three communication strategies that can improve your
powers of perception.
Topic: Communicate to Enhance Your Powers of Perception
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
2.5 Essay Questions
TB_Q2.85 Define and discuss self-concept. Explain the four basic means through which we
develop our self-concept.
Answer: Self-concept is how we consistently describe ourselves to others; it is deeply rooted and
slow to change. Self-concept is not a one-dimensional attribute, but is multidimensional. That is,
we have many selves. One of the many frameworks for describing who you are is William James’s
framework of the three selves: material self, social self, and spiritual self. Basically, there are four
means through which we develop our self-concept.
The first is through communication with others. Other people give us feedback about ourselves,
either by directly telling us something or through reactions to our behaviors. Because of the strong
impact of others on our self-concept, people who are raised in a loving, supportive environment
The fourth influence on our self-concept is our self-labels. Humans are capable of thinking about
themselves (self-reflexiveness), so the labels we use become part of our self-concept. In addition,
our beliefs, attitudes, and values become part of our self-labels.
Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Describe the components of our self-concepts and major influences on
the development of self-concept.
Topic: Self-Concept: Who Are You?
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q2.86 Identify the basis for self-fulfilling prophecy and discuss how it can affect a
person’s self-esteem.
Answer: The self-fulfilling prophecy is the idea that what you believe about yourself often comes
true because you expect it to come true. For example, if you think you will fail the math test
because you tell yourself you are bad at math, then you have to overcome your deficiencies in
math and the low expectations you have assigned to yourself. This is one aspect of self-
expectations.
Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Describe how gender, social comparisons, self-expectations, and self-
fulfilling prophecies affect one’s self-esteem.
Topic: Self-Esteem: What is Your Value?
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q2.87 Explain how self-concept and self-image differ.
Answer: Self-concept refers to your interior identity or your subjective description of who you think
you are. Self-concept remains relatively stable despite the presence of change. Self-image is your
view of yourself in a particular situation and is therefore a much more narrow description than that
of self-concept. While self-concept typically remains stable, self-image can change with each new
situation. For example, while you may be extroverted at a party, you are more introverted when
speaking one-on-one with another person. A person’s self-image is one component of their self-
concept.
Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Describe the components of our self-concepts and major influences on
the development of self-concept.
Topic: Self-Concept: Who Are You?
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q2.88 Identify and discuss the four characteristics of the self-concept, or one’s identity.
Answer: Identities are multidimensional and changing. While some aspects of our identities such
as gender are stable, others change due to circumstances and our interaction with others. Second,
identity involves responsiveness to others, and we construct our identities and come to know
ourselves through interaction and communication with others. Third, both past and present
relationships have an influence on our identities. The early messages (including nicknames) and
interactions with our families significantly influence our view of self as do the current relationships
we have with friends, coworkers, and significant others. Finally, it has been found that we have
both avowed identities (those we assign to ourselves and act out) and ascribed identities (those
assigned to us by others) with which we may not agree. These identities are negotiated through our
interaction with others.
Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Describe the components of our self-concepts and major influences on
Beebe/Beebe/Ivy Communication: Principles for a Lifetime, 6e Test Bank
of the company. Discuss ways Mallory can use the perception process to achieve her goals.
Answer: Perception is the arousal of any of our senses, and Mallory will certainly be using her
senses as she goes to work every day. The first stage in the perception process is attention and
selection in which we notice and choose to pay particular attention to certain sensations in our
environment. For example, when Mallory walks in the office, there are numerous stimuli to which
she can attend such as the space, the music being played, the multitude of people, and the
instructions of her manager. Mallory might choose to attend to her manager rather than the other
people in the office. Next is the stage of organization which involves converting information into
understandable patterns. Mallory will organize the instructions she is given. For the concepts she
doesn’t grasp, she makes notes to review later. Finally, she moves to interpretation. In other words,
she assigns meaning to what she has observed. Mallory interprets from the manager’s meeting that
she understands several points well, needs to review and reread others and can combine several
concepts she has learned from information she learned in a college class. These steps will help
focus her perception and improve her performance at work.
Learning Objective: LO 2.5 Explain the three stages of perception and why people differ in their
perceptions of people and events.
Topic: The Perception Process
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
