978-0132479431 Chapter 1 Part 1

1

Foundations of Microeconomics, 5e (Bade/Parkin)

Chapter 1 Getting Started

1.1 Definition and Questions

1) Scarcity exists because

A) human wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them.

B) some individuals have low income.

C) the costs of production are high.

D) some people make bad economic decisions.

E) people take too much leisure time.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

2) Scarcity

A) is the inability to satisfy all our wants.

B) leads to higher prices.

C) applies only to people living in poverty.

D) is not something that affects very rich people.

E) used to exist everywhere but has been eliminated in advanced economies.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

3) Scarcity requires that we

A) produce efficiently.

B) learn to limit our wants.

C) have the most rapid economic growth possible.

D) have unlimited resources.

E) make choices about what goods and services to produce.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

2

4) Scarcity means that

A) what we can produce with our resources is greater than our material wants.

B) resources are unlimited.

C) wants are greater than what we can produce with out resources.

D) governments must make up for shortages in resources.

E) choices made in self-interest cannot be the same as those made in the social interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

5) Because human wants are insatiable and unlimited while available resources are limited,

people are said to face the problem of

A) scarcity.

B) why to produce.

C) macroeconomics.

D) microeconomics.

E) social interest versus self-interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

6) Which of the following statements best describes the study of economics? Economics studies

how

A) to organize production so that scarcity does not occur.

B) firms make profits.

C) we make choices in the face of scarcity.

D) to create incentives so that scarcity does not exist.

E) businesses reach decisions.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

3

7) Scarcity forces people to

A) choose among available alternatives.

B) cheat and steal.

C) be unwilling to help others.

D) live at a low standard of living.

E) consume as much as they can as quickly as they can.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

8) Scarcity means we must

A) consume less.

B) produce less.

C) make choices.

D) earn more.

E) work more.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

9) What is the reason that all economic issues and problems occur?

A) All nations use some form of money to buy and sell goods and services.

B) Humans are always wasteful and inefficient in production and consumption.

C) Powerful governments are able to control production and consumption.

D) Human wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them.

E) People seek only their own self-interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

4

10) The study of economics is best described as a study of

A) the factors that influence the stock and bond markets.

B) capitalism.

C) the choices made in producing goods and services.

D) coping with scarcity, and choices made as a result of scarcity in a society.

E) how people earn a living.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

11) Which of the following statements best describes the study of economics? Economics studies

how

A) to organize production so that scarcity does not occur.

B) firms make profits.

C) we make choices in the face of scarcity.

D) to create incentives so that scarcity does not exist.

E) businesses reach decisions.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

12) Which of the following best defines economics?

A) Economics teaches how to limit our wants.

B) Economics studies how to choose the best alternative when coping with scarcity.

C) Economics helps you earn as much money as possible.

D) Economics analyzes all aspects of human behavior in general.

E) Economics is concerned with prices and quantities of goods and services, both at the

individual level and at the industry level.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

5

13) Economics is the social science that studies

A) the real reasons people buy goods and services.

B) the psychology of individuals and businesses.

C) whether a nation has enough natural resources.

D) how people make choices to cope with scarcity.

E) how choices made in the social interest could eliminate scarcity.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

14) Economics is defined as the social science that studies

A) how a person can get everything he or she wants.

B) the reason money exists.

C) the way to eliminate choices in our decisions.

D) the choices that societies, and the people and institutions that make up societies, make in

dealing with the issue of scarcity.

E) how choices made in the social interest must conflict with choices made in the self-interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

15) When you make the decision to spend your time attending class, which economic question

are you answering?

A) What?

B) How?

C) For whom?

D) Why?

E) Social interest

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

6

16) Of the three major economic questions, which of the following is the best example of a

"What?" question?

A) Should automobiles be produced using workers or robots?

B) Should higher-income or lower-income people buy SUVs?

C) Should we make faster microprocessors or pest-resistant corn?

D) Should migrant workers or domestic workers be used to pick grapes?

E) What should doctors be paid?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

17) When Ford decides to increase production of hybrid cars, it directly answers the ________

question.

A) what

B) how

C) for whom

D) where

E) why

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

18) When Delta decides to quit flying to Lithuania, it directly answers the ________ question.

A) what

B) why

C) for whom

D) how

E) when

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

7

19) The question of "What goods and services get produced?" most closely relates to which of

the following issues?

A) the distribution of goods and services in the economy

B) producing goods and services in the least costly manner

C) building a missile defense system, or putting a computer in every elementary school

classroom

D) obtaining specialized training to increase one's income

E) taxing high income workers to give payments to poor households

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

20) When a home builder decides to computerize all of its production schedule, it directly

answers the ________ question.

A) for whom

B) what

C) where

D) how

E) why

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

21) When Fresh Express Salads decides to mechanically pick all of its lettuce, it directly answers

the ________ question.

A) what

B) how

C) for whom

D) where

E) when

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

8

22) When the power company decides to use manpower to bury its lines, it directly answers the

________ question.

A) what

B) for whom

C) how

D) why

E) when

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

23) The question of "How are goods and services produced?" most closely addresses which of

the following issues?

A) Should Ford build SUV's or luxury cars?

B) Should Ford use expensive industrial robots or inexpensive Mexican autoworkers to produce

SUV's?

C) Should contractors building residential housing or shopping malls?

D) Is income distributed fairly in the United States?

E) Why are Christmas trees popular only in December?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

24) Of the three major economic questions, which of the following is the best example of a

"How?" question?

A) Should we produce more heavy fleece coats?

B) Should we collect tolls on turnpikes using human toll collectors or mechanized toll machines?

C) Should we build log homes or build factories from bricks?

D) Should we spend more on health care?

E) Should we eat more oatmeal?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

9

25) Which economic question depends on the incomes that people earn and the prices they pay

for goods and services?

A) What?

B) How?

C) For whom?

D) Why?

E) Where?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

26) When the federal government decides to pay senators more than it pays soldiers, it answers

the ________ question.

A) why

B) how

C) for whom

D) what

E) where

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

27) When a third string professional quarterback earns more than a police officer, society

answers the ________ question.

A) for whom

B) what

C) how

D) why

E) social interest vs. self-interest

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

10

28) When unskilled teens earn less than college graduates, society answers the ________

question.

A) how

B) what

C) for whom

D) why

E) social interest versus self-interest

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

29) Canada has nationalized health care, so that everyone, regardless of their ability to pay, has

some access to health care. Based on this observation, Canada has decided that "everyone,

regardless of their ability to pay" is the answer to what microeconomic question?

A) What type of health care will be produced and in what quantity?

B) How will health care be produced?

C) For whom will health care be produced?

D) Why will we offer health care?

E) Must we offer health care?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: JC

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

30) Choices that are best for the individuals that make them are choices in pursuit of

A) the social interest.

B) efficiency.

C) incentives.

D) self interest.

E) equity.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

11

31) Self interest

A) reflects choices that are best for society as a whole.

B) reflects choices that are best for the individual who makes them.

C) has nothing to do with determining what goods are produced.

D) occurs only when wants exceed available resources.

E) cannot be used to determine how goods are produced.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

32) Choices that are best for the society as a whole are choices in pursuit of

A) answering the “how” question.

B) the social interest.

C) self interest.

D) incentives.

E) answering the “for whom” question.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

33) The characteristic from which all economic problems arise is

A) political decisions.

B) providing a minimal standard of living for every person.

C) how to make a profit.

D) hunger.

E) scarcity.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

12

34) All economic questions and problems arise from

A) the fact that society has more than it needs.

B) turmoil in the stock market.

C) the unequal distribution of income.

D) a society's wants exceeding what its scarce resources can produce.

E) the difference between self-interest and social interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

35) Scarcity results from the fact that

A) people's wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them.

B) not all goals are desirable.

C) we cannot answer the major economic questions.

D) choices made in self-interest rare not always in the social interest.

E) the population keeps growing.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

36) To economists, scarcity means that

A) limited wants cannot be satisfied by the unlimited resources.

B) a person looking for work is not able to find work.

C) the number of people without jobs rises when economic times are bad.

D) there can never be answers to the what, how or for whom questions.

E) unlimited wants cannot be satisfied by the limited resources.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

13

37) Which of the following statements is true regarding scarcity?

A) Scarcity affects poorer countries only.

B) An economy experiences scarcity only when the incomes of its citizens decline.

C) Poor people experience scarcity more often than do rich people.

D) All citizens in a wealthy economy experience scarcity.

E) Scarcity could be overcome if people would make all choices in the social interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

38) People must make choices because

A) most people enjoy shopping.

B) of scarcity.

C) there are many goods available.

D) the question "What goods and services are produced?" is not adequately answered.

E) making choices is in the social interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

39) The question "Should we produce LCD televisions or computer monitors?" is an example of

a ________ question.

A) what

B) how

C) for whom

D) where

E) why

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

14

40) When Ferrari decides to produce 1,200 360 Modenas each year, Ferrari is answering the

________ question.

A) for whom

B) how

C) what

D) why

E) scarcity

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

41) Whether a company produces fishing rods mostly by hand or using high-tech machinery is a

question of

A) for whom will goods be produced.

B) when will the goods be produced.

C) where will the goods be produced.

D) how will the goods be produced.

E) why will the goods be produced.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

42) When a landscaping company decides to use drafting software and computers instead of

hiring designers to draw design plans by hand, it is answering the ________ question.

A) how

B) what

C) for whom

D) opportunity cost

E) why

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

15

43) The question "Should we produce houses using bricks or wood?" is an example of a

________ question.

A) what

B) how

C) for whom

D) where

E) why

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

44) The question "Should economics majors or sociology majors earn more after they graduate?"

is an example of a ________ question.

A) what

B) how

C) for whom

D) where

E) why

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

45) If a decision is made and it is the best choice for society, the decision is said to be

A) a valid economic choice.

B) made in self-interest.

C) made in social interest.

D) consist with scarcity.

E) a want-maximizing choice.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

16

1.2 The Economic Way of Thinking

1) Which is not a core economic idea?

A) People make rational choices by comparing costs and benefits.

B) Efficiency and equity are important goals for an economy.

C) Cost is what you must give up to get something.

D) A rational choice is made on the margin.

E) Choices respond to incentives.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

2) Rational choice

A) is a choice that uses the available resources to best achieve the objective of the person making

the choice.

B) is always efficient.

C) is what you must give up get what you want.

D) is made by comparing different incentives.

E) provides the answer to only the “how” question.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

3) A rational choice is one that

A) always turns out for the best for the decision maker.

B) creates no costs for the decision maker.

C) must be made with perfect information.

D) uses the available resources to most effectively satisfy the wants of the person making the

choice.

E) is made in the social interest rather than the self-interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

17

4) What is NOT true about rational choice?

A) It can result in different decisions for different individuals.

B) It involves comparing costs and benefits.

C) It might turn out not to have been the best choice after the event.

D) It is a choice that uses the available resources to best achieve the objective of the person

making the choice.

E) It is the same for all individuals.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

5) In economics, cost is ________, and benefit is ________.

A) what you must give up to get something; what you are willing to give up to get it

B) what you are willing to give up to get it; what you must give up to get something

C) the amount of money that you pay for something; the amount of money that someone else is

willing to pay you

D) what you are willing to pay on the margin; what the government pays you when you are

unemployed or retired

E) the amount of money that you pay on the margin; the amount of money that you receive on

the margin

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CO

AACSB: Reflective thinking

6) An opportunity cost is

A) the dollar amount that is paid.

B) anything the decision maker believes costs to be.

C) the benefits of the highest-valued alternative forgone.

D) whatever is paid out and cannot be reduced or reversed.

E) another term for all the sunk costs.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

18

7) Economists measure opportunity cost

A) only when it is on the margin.

B) as the highest-valued alternative forgone.

C) as the sum of all forgone opportunities.

D) in time.

E) as equal to the sum of all the sunk costs.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

8) The opportunity cost of a decision is measured in terms of

A) time.

B) the price of the alternative we choose.

C) the next best thing given up.

D) the price of a new opportunity that arises.

E) sunk cost.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

9) You have chosen to take a trip during spring break. If you had not gone, you would either

have worked at a temporary job or studied for exams. The opportunity cost of your trip is

A) the wages you would have earned from working.

B) the lower grade earned by not studying.

C) the wages you would have earned from working and the lower grade earned by not studying.

D) the value of the trip.

E) We cannot determine what the opportunity cost is without knowing which alternative,

working or studying, you would have preferred.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

19

10) If Jessie studies economics for two hours instead of going to the movies with her friends,

then

A) the benefit of studying is the missed movie.

B) the opportunity cost of studying is the missed movie.

C) Jesse definitely is making a rational choice.

D) Jessie is ignoring a sunk cost.

E) Jessie is not responding to any incentives.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

11) The value of the highest-valued alternative that a person must give up when making a

decision is known as the ________ cost.

A) direct

B) benefit's

C) opportunity

D) explicit

E) sunk

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

12) Ali decides to attend the one-hour review session for microeconomics instead of working at

his job. His job pays him $10 per hour. Ali's opportunity cost of attending the review session is

A) the $10 he could have earned at his job.

B) the value of the session minus the $10 he could have earned at his job.

C) nothing, because the review session does not cost anything.

D) equal to the benefit he gets from the review session.

E) the one-hour review session.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

20

13) In 2003, Michael Jordan decided to retire from professional basketball. Which of the

following was an opportunity cost of his decision?

A) the lost salary from playing one more year

B) the time he could spend with his family while retired

C) the avoidance of pain and injury from playing one more year

D) the value of new employment opportunities that would await him

E) Both answers A and B are correct.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

14) In order to study one more hour of economics, you must give up one hour of tennis. The hour

of tennis is

A) the benefit of spending the hour studying.

B) the cost of spending the hour studying.

C) a sunk cost.

D) a sunk benefit.

E) the incentive to study.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

15) Suppose that, instead of taking this test, you could either have worked and earned income or

partied and had a pleasurable time. Your opportunity cost of taking the test is the

A) forgone work.

B) forgone party.

C) forgone working and partying.

D) forgone working or partying, depending on which was your next best choice.

E) test because you are taking it.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

21

16) Suppose you have tickets to a hockey game. The tickets cannot be refunded or resold. In

deciding whether or not to attend the game, the cost of the tickets is

A) a marginal benefit of choosing to attend.

B) a marginal cost of choosing to attend.

C) a sunk cost.

D) an opportunity cost of missing the game.

E) an incentive.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

17) Which of the following is an example of a sunk cost?

A) after you start watching a movie, the $8 you paid for the ticket

B) the $100,000 a shoe factory will pay for the leather it uses to make shoes

C) the electricity purchased by a horse breeder

D) the $10 being spent on gasoline purchased by a traveling salesperson

E) the $6,000 Tommy's insurance company pays him after an accident.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

18) A cost that is previously incurred and irreversible is known as ________ cost.

A) a sunk

B) a benefit's

C) an opportunity

D) an explicit

E) marginal

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

22

19) Suppose you paid $400 tuition for a three-credit course. After the official withdrawal date

has elapsed, you decide to drop the course but you cannot get back your $400. At this time, the

$400 is

A) the benefit of earning three credits.

B) an expenditure made on the margin.

C) a sunk cost.

D) the opportunity cost of the course.

E) the marginal cost of the course.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

20) The benefit from a good or service that you purchase is measured by

A) the dollar amount that is paid for the good or service.

B) the dollar amount you can get by selling the good or service.

C) what you are willing to give up to obtain the good or service.

D) how strong the incentives were that lead to buying the good or service.

E) None of the above answers is correct because there is no way to measure the benefit you

receive from purchasing a good or service.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

21) Suppose you take a trip during Spring Break. To determine the benefit of taking the trip, you

A) calculate the opportunity cost of the trip.

B) measure what you are willing to give up to take the trip.

C) determine the sunk cost of taking the trip.

D) calculate the value of the next best alternative foregone.

E) must measure what the trip is worth to you and then subtract the cost of the trip.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

23

22) The cost of a one-unit increase in an activity is called the

A) opportunity benefit.

B) sunk cost.

C) marginal cost.

D) marginal benefit.

E) margin.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

23) The opportunity cost of a one-unit increase in an activity

A) is greater than the marginal benefit.

B) is called sunk cost.

C) decreases as you do more of it.

D) is called marginal cost.

E) is measured by what the person is willing to give up to get one more unit of the activity.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

24) The marginal cost of an activity is a measure of ________ the activity.

A) what is forgone with every one unit increase in

B) the total cost of

C) the benefit derived from every one unit decrease in

D) the benefit derived from every one unit increase in

E) sunk cost of

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

24

25) Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) campaigned to increase the legal penalties of

drunk driving. This successful campaign ________ of drunk driving.

A) increased the marginal benefit

B) decreased the marginal benefit

C) increased the marginal cost

D) decreased the marginal cost

E) increased the sunk cost

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

26) The marginal cost of an activity ________ as you do more of it.

A) increases

B) decreases

C) doesn't change

D) changes only if the marginal benefit of the activity does not change

E) changes only if the marginal benefit of the activity changes

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

27) The benefit of a one-unit increase in an activity

A) is called marginal cost.

B) is always greater than the opportunity cost of that activity.

C) decreases as you do more of it.

D) is measured by what you must give up.

E) is called "sunk benefit."

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

25

28) Huey has eaten two hamburgers and is considering a third. The marginal benefit in his

decision is the pleasure from consuming

A) the two previous hamburgers.

B) all three hamburgers.

C) just the third hamburger.

D) just the second hamburger.

E) the third hamburger minus the pleasure from consuming zero hamburgers.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

29) What typically happens to benefits as the amount of an activity is increased?

A) Total benefits remain constant.

B) Marginal benefit increases.

C) Marginal benefit remains constant.

D) Marginal benefit decreases.

E) The marginal benefit changes only if the marginal cost changes.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

30) Suppose you eat two hamburgers for lunch. The marginal benefit of the first burger is

________ of the second burger.

A) larger than the marginal benefit

B) smaller than the marginal benefit

C) equal to the marginal benefit

D) not related to the marginal benefit

E) equal to the marginal cost and the marginal benefit

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

26

31) A choice made by comparing all relevant alternatives systematically and incrementally is

A) an opportunity cost.

B) a choice on the margin.

C) a benefit.

D) a sunk cost.

E) a choice made in the social interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

32) Making choices on the margin means

A) scribbling on the edges of your notebook paper.

B) comparing all relevant alternatives systematically and incrementally.

C) making a decision based on emotions.

D) making decisions in the largest possible increments.

E) taking account of all marginal benefits, all opportunity costs, and all sunk costs.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

33) Decision making on the margin involves

A) comparing the marginal cost and marginal benefits when making a decision.

B) comparing the total cost and the total benefit when making a decision.

C) eliminating the additional cost when making a decision.

D) determining the total benefits of a decision.

E) comparing the benefits from the social interest to the benefits from the person's self-interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

27

34) In making your decision whether to take a trip during Spring Break, you compare all the

other activities you could undertake. As a result, you

A) are making a choice on the margin.

B) incur a sunk cost.

C) are not making a rational choice.

D) do not face an opportunity cost.

E) must have made a choice in the social interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

35) To make a rational choice, a person

A) compares the extra benefits of one more unit to the extra costs of one more unit.

B) adds the total benefits and the total costs and then compares the two totals.

C) adds the total benefits to determine if the total is large enough.

D) adds the total costs to determine if the total is small enough.

E) takes account of all benefits and all opportunity costs, including both marginal costs and sunk

costs.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

36) In order to determine whether to major in economics, a rational individual compares the

________ of the decision.

A) marginal benefit and marginal cost

B) opportunity cost and the sunk cost

C) positive benefits and normative costs

D) normative benefits and positive costs

E) self-interest and social-interest

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.4

Author: MR

AACSB: Reflective thinking

28

37) In order to make a rational choice, people must

A) only know what they want.

B) be able to afford the choice decided upon.

C) decide quickly without wasting time.

D) compare marginal costs and marginal benefits.

E) determine what is in the social interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

38) Instead of studying for an additional two hours for the economics final, Leann decides to

watch a movie. Leann is making

A) a decision that does not involve an opportunity cost.

B) a rational decision if her marginal cost from the movie is greater than her marginal benefit.

C) a rational decision if her marginal benefit from the movie is greater than her marginal cost.

D) an irrational decision because studying is more important than watching a movie.

E) a decision that is not on the margin because she will see the entire movie.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

39) When Gabriel made a rational choice to spend his entire allowance on candy bars, he did so

by comparing the

A) benefits of the candy bars to the desires he had for the candy bars.

B) marginal benefits of the candy bars to the marginal costs of the candy bars.

C) opportunity costs of the candy bars to the scarcity of the candy bars.

D) benefits of the candy bars to the scarcity candy bars.

E) self-interest to the social interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

29

40) Going skiing will cost Adam $80 a day. He also loses $40 per day in wages because he has

to take time off from work. Adam still decides to go skiing.

A) His decision is rational if Adam's marginal benefit of spending a day skiing is greater than his

marginal cost.

B) The $80 price of skiing is a sunk cost and so did not affect Adam's decision.

C) He loses a total of $120 per day, so his decision is irrational.

D) Adam's lost $40 per day in wages is a sunk cost and so did not affect his decision.

E) Adam is definitely making a decision that is in the social interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

41) The decision to go to graduate school is a rational one for a college student if the

A) cost is not too great.

B) marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit of graduate school.

C) marginal benefit of graduate school exceeds the marginal cost.

D) opportunity cost of graduate school equals zero.

E) student carefully compared the benefits of this decision to the sunk costs of the decision.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.3

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

42) An incentive is

A) an inducement to take a particular action.

B) the marginal cost of some course of action.

C) the marginal benefit of some course of action.

D) the net gain of some course of action.

E) a constraint that society imposes on those who make self-interested choices.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

30

43) An incentive is

A) a reward or a penalty that encourages or discourages an action.

B) when people make rational choices by comparing costs and benefits.

C) what you must give up to get something.

D) a choice is made on the margin.

E) a good or service that satisfies wants.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

44) A change in a marginal benefit or cost will

A) increase consumption.

B) decrease production.

C) cause an individual to make a rational choice.

D) increase sunk costs.

E) change incentives.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

45) Proponents of cuts in income tax rates argue that when income tax rates are cut, workers

have an incentive to increase their work hours. This argument is based on the assumption that

A) workers are irrational.

B) workers make decisions based on the marginal benefit of each hour worked compared to the

marginal cost of work.

C) the opportunity cost of working is negative.

D) the marginal cost of each additional work hour is not important to most workers.

E) workers make decisions based on the social interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

31

46) Your economics professor offers 10 points extra credit if you attend a review session before

your next exam. This extra credit is an example of

A) a decrease in marginal benefit to attend the review session.

B) an increase in marginal cost to attend the review session.

C) a rational choice.

D) an incentive to attend the review session.

E) a sunk cost.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

47) If the marginal benefit of getting a college degree rises, rational people will

A) attend college in greater numbers.

B) drop out of college.

C) not change their behavior.

D) require that college get easier.

E) raise the marginal cost of attending college.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

48) The study of the choices of one individual or business is called

A) macroeconomics.

B) microeconomics.

C) scarcity.

D) finance.

E) ceteris paribus.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

32

49) Microeconomics includes the study of the

A) aggregate effects on the national economy.

B) recessions and inflation in the global economy.

C) choices made by individuals and businesses.

D) reasons why the government changes interest rates.

E) nationwide unemployment rate.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

50) The primary focus of microeconomics is

A) to examine the operation of the entire (aggregate) economy.

B) to examine the behavior and operation of the individual units or sectors that make up the

economy.

C) our government's monetary policy.

D) the levels of employment and inflation.

E) to study how we managed to eliminate scarcity.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

51) Which of the following is a microeconomic issue?

A) The price of gasoline increases in the United States this year.

B) The Brazilian economy experiences rapid economic growth.

C) The unemployment rate soars in Spain.

D) Inflation skyrockets in Russia.

E) The U.S. government cuts taxes to combat a recession.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

33

52) Which of the following is a microeconomic issue?

A) Growth in the U.S. economy slowed.

B) Increased federal government expenditures have lowered the unemployment rate.

C) The inflation rate fell this year.

D) The quantity of wheat grown in the United States increases this year.

E) The U.S. government cuts taxes to combat a recession.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MR

AACSB: Reflective thinking

53) Which of the following is a microeconomic topic?

i. K-Mart's decision to close stores that are not making a profit

ii. Home Depot's choice to hire more full-time employees because its sales increased

iii. Delta Airlines changes its fares

A) i only.

B) ii only.

C) i and iii.

D) ii and iii.

E) i, ii, and iii.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

54) Which of the following is a microeconomic topic?

A) Northwest Airlines analyzes the benefits of adding one more flight to Salt Lake City.

B) Unemployment soars as taxes increase.

C) The government leaves interest rates unchanged as the economy improves.

D) Germany's government increases taxes to avoid a budget deficit.

E) Chinese economic growth slows.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

34

55) Macroeconomics is the study of

A) the actions of individual consumers.

B) national or global economies.

C) the actions of individual businesses.

D) the government.

E) how ceteris paribus affects causation.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

56) Which of the following BEST describes macroeconomics?

A) It analyzes the aggregate effects on the national economy of the choices made by individuals,

firms, and governments.

B) It studies the choices that individuals and businesses make when coping with scarcity.

C) It examines how the choices that individuals affect governments.

D) It never uses the ceteris paribus assumption.

E) Proving causation is never a problem for macroeconomics.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

57) Which of the following is a topic studied in macroeconomics?

A) The pricing decisions in the computer hardware industry

B) The effect on economic growth if the government raises taxes

C) How the wheat industry determines how much wheat to grow

D) The impact of labor unions on wages

E) The impact of higher prices for gasoline on the number of SUVs people buy

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

35

58) Which of the following is a macroeconomic topic?

A) The federal government's decision to spend more on environmental protection

B) The county government's decision to increase the sales tax for your county

C) Why did production and jobs expand rapidly in 2004?

D) General Motors decides what prices to set for their new models.

E) The effect of floods in the growing areas on the price and quantity of wheat.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

59) Which of the following is a macroeconomic topic?

A) The growth of the amount of money that Americans are borrowing from the rest of the world.

B) The government's choice to sue Microsoft for acting like a monopoly

C) How your local phone company decides to set its fee structure

D) How you decide whether to take out a loan to finance your college education

E) Whether Honda will make more gasoline powered cars or more hybrid powered cars

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

60) Which of the following is a macroeconomic issue?

A) The price of a ticket to Walt Disney World in Orlando is increased.

B) The National Football League signs a new television contract.

C) The number of jobs and production in Zimbabwe increase.

D) The Iowa corn harvest is smaller than normal.

E) Utilities are required to install more anti-pollution devices.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

36

61) A positive statement

i. makes a statement about how the world operates.

ii. is a true statement.

iii. can be tested against the facts.

A) i and ii

B) i and iii

C) ii and iii

D) i, ii and iii

E) i only

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

62) Which of the following is a positive statement?

A) An increase in college tuition is not fair to students.

B) A recession leads to higher enrollments at universities.

C) University bookstore prices are too high.

D) Parking tickets on campus impose an excessive fee.

E) The school needs more parking for students.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

63) The statement that "increases in the tax on gasoline increase the price of gasoline" is an

example of a

A) normative statement.

B) positive statement.

C) macroeconomic statement.

D) ceteris paribus statement.

E) marginal statement.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

37

64) "Lower ticket prices would lead to more people attending ballgames." This statement is a

A) ceteris paribus assertion.

B) normative statement.

C) positive statement.

D) macroeconomic statement.

E) statement that confuses marginal cost and sunk cost.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

65) A statement that argues that "if taxes on gasoline increase, gasoline consumption will

decrease" is an example of what kind of statement?

A) a marginal statement

B) a macroeconomic statement

C) a normative statement

D) a positive statement

E) a statement that violates rational choice

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

66) Which of the following statements is a positive statement?

A) Our country must increase military spending.

B) There should be a computer in every elementary school classroom.

C) We need to spend less on luxury items for the wealthy, and more on necessities for the less

fortunate.

D) Online shopping increased by 50 percent this Christmas season.

E) Too many people are unemployed.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

38

67) Which of the following is a positive statement?

A) The rich should pay more in taxes.

B) Everyone should have some knowledge of economics.

C) Taxes on gasoline should be lower so that gasoline is more affordable to the poor.

D) If we reduce welfare payments given to the poor, they will find jobs.

E) social Security must be reformed.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

68) Normative statements

i. describe how the world is.

ii. describe how the world ought to be.

iii. depend on people's values and cannot be tested.

A) i only.

B) ii only.

C) iii only.

D) ii and iii.

E) i and iii.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

69) A normative statement

A) depends on someone's values.

B) cannot use the word "should."

C) says what is currently believed about the way the world operates.

D) must be tested to determine if it is correct.

E) can be tested to determine if it is correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

39

70) The important characteristic of normative statements is that they

A) explain what really exists.

B) are based on somebody's values and cannot be tested.

C) explain what normally happens in the real world.

D) help guide us to what will normally occur if some economic variable changes its value.

E) do not use the ceteris paribus assumption.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

71) A normative statement

i. can be tested as to whether it is true or false.

ii. is considered negative.

iii. depends on a person's values.

A) i only

B) iii only

C) i and iii

D) ii and iii

E) i, ii, and iii

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

72) Which of the following is a normative statement?

A) Flood victims should pay for their own rebuilding.

B) When the price of kiwi fruit increases, fewer people eat kiwi fruit.

C) An increase in the supply of computers has caused computer prices to fall.

D) Recessions lead to increases in the unemployment rate.

E) Hurricanes strike mainly Florida and North Carolina.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

40

73) A statement that "All children should receive free health care" is an example of what kind of

statement?

A) a fair statement

B) a natural experiment statement

C) a normative statement

D) a positive statement

E) a statement on the margin

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

74) Which of the following statements is a normative statement?

A) Inflation has been at an all time low this year.

B) The minimum wage should be increased to $8.50 per hour.

C) Unemployment this month has increased by less than 0.5 percentage point..

D) Additional spending on education has not produced any rise in test scores.

E) Pepsi is less expensive than Coke this week.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

75) Which of the following statements is a normative statement?

A) Every American household should have health care insurance coverage.

B) Military spending as a percent of government spending decreased by 5 percent in the 1990s.

C) Welfare reform has decreased the amount the government spends on welfare.

D) The price of computers fell last year.

E) Fewer people are unemployed this year than last year.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

41

76) The Latin phrase ceteris paribus is best defined as

A) the rational choice is made.

B) benefits are greater than the costs.

C) other things remaining the same.

D) the tendency for the values of two variables to move together in a predictable and related

way.

E) the study of choice.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

77) The Latin phrase ceteris paribus means

A) let the buyer beware.

B) other things remaining the same.

C) positive, not normative.

D) normative, not positive.

E) on the margin.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

78) Ceteris paribus means

A) variables are correlated.

B) after this, therefore because of this.

C) people must make choices.

D) other things remaining the same.

E) social interest is the same as self interest.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

42

79) Which of the following is an example of ceteris paribus?

A) varying both temperature and the amount of rain to decide how hardy a new plant is

B) holding caloric intake the same as you decide how exercising affects your weight

C) allowing the dosages to change as you investigate how two new drugs compare

D) varying both the options available and the price of PCs to investigate what has happened to

the demand for PCs

E) assuming that correlation does not mean causation

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

80) Economists try to isolate the effect of one variable at a time. They do so by

A) holding all other relevant factors the same.

B) imagining a real world.

C) assuming that every economic variable changes simultaneously.

D) keeping all variables constant.

E) looking only at decisions made on the margin.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

81) "If the price of home heating oil rises, ceteris paribus, people will buy less home heating

oil." This statement is equivalent to which of the following?

A) The relationship between the price of home heating oil and the amount of oil households

purchased are independent of each other.

B) If the price of home heating oil rises and every thing else remains constant, the amount of

home heating oil households purchase will decrease.

C) As the prices for all products including home heating oil rise, people buy less home heating

oil.

D) Because the only way to heat a home is with oil, if the price increases, then households will

purchase less.

E) No matter what else changes, if the price of home heating oil rises, people will buy less home

heating oil.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

43

82) Correlation means

A) "after this, therefore because of this."

B) other things remaining the same.

C) a natural experiment has been conducted.

D) the tendency for the values of two variables to move in a predictable and related way.

E) "on the margin."

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

83) Correlation means

A) holding everything else constant.

B) after this, therefore because of this.

C) the values of two variables move in a predictable and related way.

D) making statements about how the world should be.

E) the same as causation.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Reflective thinking

84) The tendency for the values of two variables to move together in a predictable and related

way is

A) ceteris paribus.

B) correlation.

C) part of rational choice.

D) related to marginal cost.

E) an example of thinking on the margin.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: KG

AACSB: Reflective thinking

44

85) In examining two variables, we find that as one variable changes, the other changes. These

variables are said to be

A) independent.

B) correlated.

C) statistics.

D) ceteris paribus related.

E) casually related.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

86) When economists use the term "correlation," they are referring to

A) cause and effect relationships between variables.

B) how two variables move together in a predictable way.

C) positive economics.

D) normative economics.

E) economic policy.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: PH

AACSB: Reflective thinking

87) The tendency for the values of two variables to move in a predictable and related way is

known as

A) a natural experiment.

B) a normative relationship.

C) ceteris paribus.

D) correlation.

E) a policy relationship.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

45

88) Opportunity cost is best defined as

A) how much money is paid for something.

B) how much money and time it takes to consume something.

C) the value of the highest-valued alternative that is forgone in making a choice.

D) the total of all other alternatives that are forgone in making a choice.

E) the sunk cost of any decision.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

89) John has two hours of free time this evening. He ranked his alternatives, first go to a concert,

second go to a movie, third study for an economics exam, and fourth answer his e-mail. What is

the opportunity cost of attending the concert for John?

A) attending a movie

B) studying for an economics exam

C) answering his e-mail

D) attending a movie, studying for an economics exam, and answering his e-mail

E) going to the concert because that is what John choose to do.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

90) Jamie has enough money to buy either a Mountain Dew, or a Pepsi, or a bag of chips. He

chooses to buy the Mountain Dew. The opportunity cost of the Mountain Dew is

A) the Pepsi and the bag of chips.

B) the Pepsi or the bag of chips, whichever the highest-valued alternative forgone.

C) the Mountain Dew.

D) the Pepsi because it is a drink, as is the Mountain Dew.

E) zero because he enjoys the Mountain Dew.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

46

91) Amy can study for an hour or spend that hour sleeping or going out for dinner. If she decides

to study for the hour, the opportunity cost of the hour spent studying is

A) definitely going to sleep.

B) studying since this is the choice she opted for.

C) sleeping or going out for dinner, whichever she would have preferred the most.

D) sleeping and going out for dinner.

E) definitely going out to dinner because she must eat at some time.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

92) If there is no scarcity,

A) the opportunity cost of an action would be greater than its sunk cost.

B) an action would have zero opportunity cost.

C) choices are no longer rational.

D) marginal cost of an action is greater than its marginal benefit.

E) all marginal benefits would equal zero.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

93) The benefit of an activity is

A) purely objective and measured in dollars.

B) the gain or pleasure that it brings.

C) the value of its sunk cost.

D) measured by what must be given up to get one more unit of the activity.

E) not measurable on the margin.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

47

94) The ________ of something is the gain or pleasure that it brings.

A) opportunity cost

B) benefit

C) marginal cost

D) rational choice

E) rational margin

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

95) The cost of a one-unit increase in an activity

A) is called the total one-unit cost.

B) is called the marginal cost.

C) decreases as more of the activity is done.

D) is called the marginal benefit/cost.

E) is called the sunk cost.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

96) The marginal benefit of an activity is

i. the benefit from a one-unit increase in the activity

ii. the benefit of a small, unimportant activity.

iii. measured by what the person is willing to give up to get one additional unit of the activity.

A) i only

B) ii only

C) iii only

D) i and iii

E) ii and iii

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

48

97) The additional benefit of increasing some activity by one-unit is called the

A) marginal benefit.

B) opportunity cost.

C) total benefit.

D) scarcity.

E) sunk benefit.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

98) If the marginal benefit of the next slice of pizza exceeds the marginal cost, you will

A) eat the slice of pizza.

B) not eat the slice of pizza.

C) be unable to choose between eating or not eating.

D) eat half the slice.

E) More information is needed about how much the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost

to determine if you will or will not eat the slice.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

99) When people make rational choices, they

A) behave selfishly.

B) do not consider their emotions.

C) weigh the costs and benefits of their options and act to satisfy their wants.

D) necessarily make a decision in the social interest.

E) are necessarily making the best decision.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

49

100) By donating $1,000 to the Salvation Army, Caroline reduces her taxable income. To

Caroline, the reduction in her taxable income is

A) a marginal benefit.

B) an opportunity cost.

C) an incentive.

D) a marginal cost.

E) the margin.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

101) Which of the following is a microeconomic issue?

A) Why has unemployment risen nationwide?

B) Why has economic growth been rapid in China?

C) What is the impact on the quantity of Pepsi purchased if consumers' tastes change in favor of

non-carbonated drinks?

D) Why is the average income lower in Africa than in Latin America?

E) Why did overall production increase within the United States last year?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

102) Microeconomics includes the study of

A) how countries decide to fund their budget deficits.

B) the choices that individuals and businesses make.

C) how a nation promotes economic growth.

D) the effect on the national economy of the choices that individuals make.

E) the overall amount of production within the economy.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

50

103) A positive statement

A) must always be right.

B) cannot be tested.

C) might be right or wrong.

D) depends on someone's value judgment.

E) cannot be negative.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

104) Which of the following is a positive statement?

A) Taxes should be lower because then people get to keep more of what they earn, so they will

work more.

B) My economics class should last for two terms because it is my favorite class.

C) A 10 percent increase in income leads to a 4 percent increase in the consumption of beef.

D) Given their negative impact on productivity, the government should eliminate labor unions.

E) The class average on this test should be more than 80 percent.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

105) Which of the following is NOT a normative economic statement?

A) States should reduce the tax on heating fuel oil during the winter.

B) People over the age of 75 should not be allowed to drive cars.

C) Teenagers are responsible for most driving fatalities.

D) We don't spend enough money on anti-smoking campaigns.

E) The price of gasoline is too high.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

51

106) Which of the following is an example of a normative statement?

A) If cars become more expensive, fewer people will buy them.

B) Car prices should be affordable.

C) If wages increase, firms will fire some workers.

D) Fewer people die in larger cars than in smaller cars.

E) Cars emit pollution.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

107) Which of the following statements is the best example of the term ceteris paribus?

A) An economist holds other factors constant when he examines the relationship between tax

rates and tax revenues.

B) More money should be spent on cleaning up the environment.

C) The government budget surplus was $200 billion in 2000 because the economy was growing.

D) An increase in the budget surplus after an increase in tax rates implies that tax rate increases

cause budget surpluses.

E) When studying the effects of a budget deficit, an economist must take account of all the

factors involved.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

108) The Latin term "ceteris paribus" means

A) "false unless proven true."

B) "other things remaining the same."

C) "after this, therefore because of this."

D) "what is true of the whole is not necessarily true of the parts."

E) "obviously true."

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

52

109) The Latin term ceteris paribus means

A) after this, therefore because of this.

B) other things being equal.

C) what is correct for the part, is not correct for the whole.

D) on the margin.

E) when one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

110) When the Dallas Cowboys score more than 30 points in a game, they win the game. This is

an example of

A) an economic theory.

B) a correlation.

C) ceteris paribus.

D) a normative statement.

E) a statement on the margin.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Reflective thinking

1.3 Appendix

1) The horizontal axis in a graph

A) measures time on a scatter diagram.

B) measures the quality of a variable.

C) is named the y-axis.

D) is named the x-axis.

E) is called the origin.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

53

2) Most economic graphs have two lines perpendicular to each other. The vertical line is called

the

A) origin.

B) y-axis.

C) x-axis.

D) variable.

E) time axis.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

3) The vertical axis in a graph

A) is named the y-axis.

B) is named the x-axis.

C) measures time in a cross-section and time series graph.

D) has no origin.

E) measures time only in a time series graph.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

4) Most economic graphs have two lines perpendicular to each other. Where these lines met is

called the

A) origin.

B) y-axis.

C) x-axis.

D) variable.

E) point of beginning.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

54

5) A graph of the value of one variable against the value of another variable is known as a

A) two-dimensional graph.

B) three-dimensional graph.

C) time-series graph.

D) scatter diagram.

E) two-variable graph.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: JC

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

6) A scatter diagram can be used to see

A) if the value of a variable is rising or falling.

B) the value of a variable for different groups in a population.

C) if a relationship exists between two variables.

D) how a variable behaves over time.

E) whether a variable is positively or negatively related to itself.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

7) To show how a variable ________, we typically use a ________.

A) relates to another variable; time series graph

B) relates to another variable; pie chart

C) changes over time; time series graph

D) changes over time; cross section graph

E) changes over time; cross time chart

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

55

8) Which type of graph is most useful in determining if two variables are correlated?

A) time-series

B) scatter diagram

C) cross-section

D) variable-correlation figure

E) None of the above answers is correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

9) The figure above shows a

A) time-series graph.

B) scatter diagram.

C) cross-section graph.

D) slope.

E) trend diagram

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

56

10) A time-series graph measures

A) the value of one variable against the value of another variable.

B) the value of an economic variable for different groups in a population at a point in time.

C) time on the x-axis and the variable or variables in which we are interested on the y-axis.

D) time on the y-axis and the variable or variables in which we are interested on the x-axis.

E) time on both the x-axis and y-axis and the variable or variables in which we are interested in

the rest of the figure.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: JC

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

11) A time series graph

A) shows how a variable changes over time.

B) uses bars rather than lines.

C) shows points in a scatter diagram.

D) is similar to a cross-section graph because both can show trends over time.

E) is in the shape of a pie.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

12) A steep slope in a time series graph means the variable is

A) high.

B) falling.

C) rising or falling quickly.

D) rising or falling slowly.

E) very close to its trend point.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

57

13) Which type of economic graph reveals trends in data?

A) cross-section graph

B) time-series graph

C) scatter diagram

D) slopes

E) Answers A, B, and C are all correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

14) A time series graph

A) shows how a certain variable changes over time.

B) uses bars rather than lines.

C) shows points that are scattered.

D) depicts a series of good economic times a nation had.

E) is not useful if the goal is to determine a variable's trend.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

15) A time-series graph displays the price of gold. The slope of the line is negative for periods

when the

A) price of gold is falling.

B) price of gold is rising.

C) quantity of gold is falling.

D) price of gold is low and not changing.

E) price of gold fluctuates.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

58

16) A graph shows the wages of factory workers. The slope of the line is positive for periods

when the wage is

A) falling.

B) rising.

C) high and not changing.

D) low and falling.

E) high and falling.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

17) A trend is

A) a measure of closeness on a scatter diagram.

B) a general tendency for a variable to rise or fall.

C) the maximum value of a variable.

D) the minimum value of a variable.

E) the difference between the maximum value of a variable and the minimum value of the

variable.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

18) A time series graph reveals whether there is a ________ , which represents ________.

A) trend in a variable; a general tendency for the variable to rise or fall

B) relationship between two variables; a cross-section relationship

C) trends in two variables; unrelated variables

D) relationship between two variables; a trend in a variable

E) cross-section relationship; a general tendency for the variables to rise or fall

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

59

19) Trend refers to

A) the scale used on the x- and y-axes.

B) increases but not decreases of a variable.

C) decreases but not increases of a variable.

D) a general tendency for a variable to rise or fall.

E) the difference between the maximum value of the variable and the minimum value of the

variable.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

20) In the above figure, the diagram shows

A) a downward trend in x.

B) an upward trend in x.

C) a scatter diagram.

D) a two-variable scatter diagram.

E) a cross-section graph between x and time.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

60

21) A cross-section graph

A) is divided into different sections.

B) shows the values of an economic variable for different groups in a population at a point in

time.

C) measures time on the x-axis and the variable in which we are interested on the y-axis.

D) Both answers A and C are correct.

E) Both answers A and B are correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

22) A graph that shows the value of an economic variable for different groups in a population at

a given time is called a

A) scatter diagram.

B) times-series graph.

C) pie chart.

D) cross-section graph.

E) fixed-time diagram.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

23) A graph shows the average wage of various demographic groups in 2005. The kind of graph

used to show these data would be a

A) scatter diagram.

B) time-series graph.

C) cross-section graph.

D) Venn-diagram.

E) fixed-year figure.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

61

24) A graph showing the values of an economic variable for different groups in a population at a

point in time is called a

A) cross-section graph.

B) time-series graph.

C) scatter diagram.

D) Venn diagram.

E) None of the above answers is correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

25) ________ shows the values of a variable for different groups in the population at a certain

point in time.

A) A time-series graph

B) The origin

C) A cross-section graph

D) A scatter plot

E) A trend-line graph

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

26) A cross-section graph

A) is divided into different sections.

B) shows values of an economic variable for different groups in a population at a point in time.

C) measures time on the x-axis and the variable in which we are interested on the y-axis.

D) Both answers A and C are correct.

E) Both answers B and C are correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

62

27) You have data for the amount of rainfall in 50 cities for the month of June. The type of graph

to best display these data would be a

A) time-series graph.

B) multi-variable time series graph.

C) cross-section graph.

D) scatter diagram.

E) trend-line diagram.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

28) You have data for sales of pizza for each of the 50 states in 2010. The type of graph to best

display these data would be a

A) cross-section graph.

B) time-series graph.

C) scatter diagram.

D) multi-variable time-series graph.

E) a trend-line diagram.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

29) A graph shows the average SAT scores for males and females in 2010. The kind of graph

used to show these data would be a

A) scatter diagram.

B) time-series graph.

C) cross-section graph.

D) time-stationary graph.

E) trend figure.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

63

30) Demonstrating how an economic variable changes from one year to the next is best

illustrated by a

A) scatter diagram.

B) time-series graph.

C) linear graph.

D) cross-section graph.

E) Venn diagram.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

31) To show the values of an economic variable for different groups in a population at a point in

time, it is best to use a

A) scatter diagram.

B) time-series graph.

C) linear graph.

D) cross-section graph

E) trend-section diagram.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

32) A graph that shows how the amount of advertising expenditure differs among various

industries can be shown

A) by a cross-section graph.

B) by a time-series graph.

C) as a trend.

D) by a scatter diagram.

E) by a trend-section graph.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

64

33) A linear relationship

A) when graphed is a straight line.

B) when graphed is a line whose slope changes.

C) can be a positive or a negative relationship.

D) Both answers A and C are correct.

E) Both answers A and B are correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

34) A linear relationship

A) graphs as a straight line.

B) graphs as a curve.

C) can be either positive or negative.

D) Both answers A and C are correct.

E) Both answers B and C are correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

35) A positive relationship exists between two variables if

A) one variable has "positively" no effect on the other variable.

B) a decrease in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable.

C) a decrease in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable.

D) an increase in one variable is associated with both a decrease and an increase in the other

variable.

E) None of the above answers is correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

65

36) If two variables are positively related, then

A) one variable causes the other.

B) an increase in one variable is accompanied by a decrease in the other.

C) an increase in one variable is accompanied by an increase in the other.

D) they change together, but not necessarily in the same direction.

E) neither variable can be positively related to any other variable.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

37) As a person increases his or her caloric intake, the person's weight increases, ceteris paribus.

The relationship between the person's caloric intake and the person's weight is an example of

A) unrelated variables.

B) a positive relationship.

C) a negative relationship.

D) a single point on a graph.

E) a trended relationship.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

38) If there is a positive relationship between two variables,

A) the graph of the relationship will be upward sloping.

B) the graph of the relationship will be downward sloping.

C) the slope of the line graphing the relationship will be negative.

D) Both answers A and C are correct.

E) Both answers B and C are correct.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

66

39) If the change in y = 10 and the change in x = 3, there is

A) a positive relationship between y and x.

B) a negative relationship between y and x.

C) an independent relationship between y and x.

D) no relationship between y and x.

E) a +0.33 relationship between the two variables.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

40) Whenever people's incomes increase, they buy more guitars. Hence a scatter diagram shows

that the relationship between income and guitars purchased is

A) a positive relationship.

B) a linear relationship.

C) a negative relationship.

D) some sort of relationship, but whether it is positive or negative depends on whether income is

plotted on the vertical or horizontal axis.

E) a U-shaped relationship.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

41) Which of the following statements is correct?

A) When a line slopes downwards moving to the right, the variable measured on the x-axis and

the variable measured on the y-axis are directly related.

B) When a line slopes upwards moving to the right, the variable measured on the x-axis and the

variable measured on the y-axis are directly related.

C) The higher the temperature, the more ice cream people consume. Thus the temperature and

ice cream consumption are inversely related.

D) If two variables are directly related, a graph of the two variables has a negative slope.

E) None of the above statements are correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

67

42) If x increases whenever y decreases, then x and y are

A) not related.

B) positively related.

C) directly related.

D) negatively related.

E) related but whether positively or negatively related depends on whether the x variable or the y

variable is plotted on the vertical axis.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

43) Whenever one variable increases, another variable decreases. The two variables are

A) definitely related through a third variable.

B) negatively related.

C) positively related.

D) unrelated to each other.

E) related but whether positively or negatively related depends on which variable is plotted on

the vertical axis.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

44) If x increases and as a result y decreases, then x and y are

A) not related because the relationship is a causal one.

B) positively related.

C) negatively related.

D) directly related.

E) trend-line related.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

68

45) "As the price of gasoline increases, fewer people buy cars that are gas guzzlers." A graph

showing this relationship would

A) have a negative slope.

B) have a positive relationship.

C) have a direct relationship.

D) be a horizontal line.

E) be a vertical line.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

46) As the number of days without rain increases, the amount of wheat grown per acre declines.

A graph showing this relationship shows

A) a horizontal line.

B) a vertical line.

C) a positive relationship.

D) a line with a positive slope.

E) None of the above answers is correct.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

47) As the price of home heating oil rises, families buy less home heating oil. Hence a scatter

diagram with the price of home heating oil on the vertical axis and the quantity purchased on the

horizontal axis reveals a ________ relationship.

A) positive

B) linear

C) time-series

D) negative

E) cross-sectional

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: JC

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

69

48) If the change in y = -4 and the change in x = 2, there is

A) an independent relationship between y and x.

B) a positive relationship between y and x.

C) a negative relationship between y and x.

D) no relationship between y and x.

E) a relationship between x and y but more information is needed to determine if it is a negative

or positive relationship.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

49) An independent relationship between two variables is shown in a graph by

A) an upward-sloping line.

B) a horizontal or a vertical line.

C) a downward-sloping line.

D) a steeply sloped line.

E) any straight line curve.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

50) If two variables are unrelated, their graph is

A) either a horizontal or a vertical line.

B) a downward-sloping line.

C) an upward-sloping line.

D) a curved line.

E) None of the above answers is correct because it is not possible to graph unrelated variables.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

70

51) Consider a diagram in which the variable measured on the y-axis remains constant while the

variable measured on the x-axis increases. The graph of these two variables is a

A) vertical line.

B) horizontal line.

C) line that has positive slope.

D) line that has a negative slope.

E) non-existent because the two variables are not related.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

52) A graph shows the price of a pound of cucumbers on the vertical axis and the quantity of

new cars sold by Honda on the horizontal axis. The price of a pound of cucumbers remains

constant as the quantity of new cars sold increases. The graph of these data is a

A) horizontal line.

B) vertical line.

C) curve with a maximum.

D) positively sloped line.

E) negatively sloped line.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

53) Matt pays a $50 a month membership fee at Bruno's Gym. He can exercise at the gym as

many times as he wishes. If the membership fee is measured along the vertical axis and the

number of times he exercises is measured along the horizontal axis, the graph between his

membership fee and the number of times he exercises will

A) be a horizontal line.

B) be positively sloped.

C) be negatively sloped.

D) be a vertical line.

E) start out positively sloped and then, as Matt loses interest, become negatively sloped.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

71

54) In the above figure, as the y variable increases,

A) the x variable is constant.

B) the x variable increases.

C) the x variable decreases.

D) the x variable at first increases but then decreases.

E) the x variable probably changes but more information is needed to determine if it increases,

decreases, or stays the same.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

72

55) In the above figure, a negative relationship between x and y is shown in Figure

A) A.

B) B.

C) C.

D) D.

E) B and Figure C.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

73

56) In the above figure, no relationship between x and y is shown in Figure

A) A.

B) B.

C) C.

D) D.

E) A and Figure B.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

74

57) In the diagram above, which figure(s) show(s) a direct relationship between the variables?

A) both B and C

B) both A and C

C) only A

D) only D

E) only B

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

75

58) In the diagram above, which figure(s) show(s) an inverse relationship between the variables?

A) both B and C

B) only B

C) both A and C

D) only D

E) only C

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

59) In the diagram above, which figure(s) show(s) no relationship between the variables?

A) both B and C

B) only B

C) both A and C

D) only D

E) both A and B

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

60) If a curve rises and then falls, it has a

A) maximum.

B) minimum.

C) linear relationship.

D) constant slope relationship.

E) slope that is negative and then positive.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

76

61) As a shoe factory adds more workers, shoe production grows, reaches a maximum, and then

shrinks. In a diagram that has the number of workers on the horizontal axis and the number of

shoes on the vertical axis, the relationship between the number of workers and the number of

shoes starts as ________ and then, after the maximum point, is ________.

A) positive; negative

B) negative; positive

C) linear; negative

D) positive; linear

E) positive; nonexistent

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: JC

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

62) As a curve approaches a maximum point, the slope will

A) be positive and then negative after the maximum point.

B) be negative and then positive after the maximum point.

C) remain constant on either side of the maximum point.

D) increase before and after the maximum point.

E) decrease before and after the maximum point.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

77

63) In the figure above, the relationship between the x variable and the y variable

A) is positive.

B) is negative.

C) starts by being positive and then becomes negative.

D) starts by being negative and then becomes positive.

E) is non-existent because the two variables are unrelated.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

64) If a curve falls and then rises, it

A) has a maximum.

B) has a minimum.

C) has a linear relationship.

D) has a constant slope relationship.

E) shows no relationship between the two variables.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

78

65) Moving from left to right, a U-shaped curve starts with a

A) positive slope, reaches a maximum, then ends with a negative slope.

B) positive slope, reaches a minimum, then ends with a negative slope.

C) negative slope, reaches a maximum, then ends with a positive slope.

D) negative slope, reaches a minimum, then ends with a positive slope.

E) negative slope, reaches a minimum, then ends with a negative slope.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

66) The minimum point of a U-shaped curve,

A) is a point where the variable is neither increasing nor decreasing.

B) has a slope equal to zero.

C) has the maximum slope possible.

D) Both answers A and B are correct.

E) Both answers A and C are correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

67) An economist observed that as more computers are added to a factory, the costs of

production initially decline, reach a minimum, and then rise. In a diagram that has costs on the

vertical axis and the number of computers on the horizontal axis, the relationship always is

A) negative and then linear after the minimum point.

B) positive and then negative after the minimum point.

C) negative and then positive after the minimum point.

D) linear and then positive after the minimum point.

E) negative both before and after the minimum point.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: JC

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

79

68) If whenever one variable increases, another variable also increases, then these two variables

are ________ related.

A) positively

B) negatively

C) inversely

D) cross-sectionally

E) trend-line

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

69) The graph shows a

A) positive relationship that becomes steeper.

B) negative relationship that becomes steeper.

C) positive relationship that becomes less steep.

D) negative relationship that become less steep.

E) negative trend between the total cost of a cake and the output of cakes.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

80

70) A graph of the relationship between two variables is a line that slopes down to the right.

These two variables are ________ related.

A) positively

B) directly

C) negatively

D) not

E) trend-line

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

71) A graph shows that the number of U.S. tourists visiting a Caribbean island increases as the

temperature in the northeastern United States falls. The graph shows

A) a positive relationship.

B) a direct relationship.

C) a negative relationship.

D) no relationship.

E) an invalid relationship.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

81

72) The graph shows a

A) positive relationship that becomes less steep.

B) negative relationship that is linear.

C) positive relationship that is linear.

D) negative relationship that become less steep.

E) None of the above answers is correct.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

82

73) The graph shows

A) a relationship with a minimum.

B) a relationship with a maximum.

C) no relationship.

D) a linear relationship.

E) a cross-section relationship.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

83

74) The graph shows

A) a relationship with a minimum.

B) a relationship with a maximum.

C) no relationship.

D) a relationship that becomes less steep.

E) a cross-section relationship.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

75) Two variables are unrelated if their graph is

i. a vertical line

ii. a 45 degree line

iii. a horizontal line

A) i only.

B) ii only.

C) iii only.

D) i and iii.

E) i, ii, and iii.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

84

76) The graph shows

A) positive relationship that becomes less steep.

B) negative relationship that is linear.

C) positive relationship that is linear.

D) no relationship between the variables.

E) a trend relationship between the variables.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

77) A slope is measured as the

A) value of the variable measured on the y-axis divided by the value of the variable measured on

the x-axis.

B) value of the variable measured on the x-axis divided by the value of the variable measured on

the y-axis.

C) change in the value of variable on the y-axis divided by the change in the value of the variable

on the x-axis.

D) value of the variable measured on the y-axis minus the value of the variable measured on the

x-axis.

E) change in the value of variable on the x-axis divided by the change in the value of the variable

on the y-axis.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

85

78) A slope is measured as the

A) value of the variable measured on the y-axis divided by the value of the variable measured on

the x-axis.

B) value of the variable measured on the x-axis divided by the value of the variable measured on

the y-axis.

C) change in the value of variable on the y-axis divided by the change in the value of the variable

on the x-axis.

D) value of the variable measured on the y-axis minus the value of the variable measured on the

x-axis.

E) value of the variable measured on the x-axis minus the value of the variable measured on the

y-axis.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

79) "The change in the value of the variable measured on the y-axis divided by the change in the

value of the variable measured on the x-axis" is the definition of

A) a graph.

B) slope.

C) a curve.

D) a relationship.

E) a trend.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

80) The slope of a line equals the change in the variable measured along the

A) x-axis divided by the change in the variable measured along the y-axis.

B) y-axis divided by the change in the variable measured along the x-axis.

C) x-axis minus the change in the variable measured along the y-axis.

D) x-axis multiplied by the change in the variable measured along the y-axis.

E) y-axis minus the change in the variable measured along the x-axis.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

86

81) The slope

A) of a straight line is the same regardless of where on the line it is calculated.

B) equals the change in the value of the variable measured on the x-axis divided by the change in

the variable measured on the y-axis.

C) will be small if a large change in the variable measured on the y-axis is associated with a

small change in the variable measured on the x-axis.

D) equals the change in the value of the variable measured on the y-axis minus the change in the

variable measured on the x-axis.

E) falls as the x variable increases if the line has a negative slope.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

82) With y measured on the vertical axis and x measured on the horizontal axis, the slope of a

straight line is defined as

A) y/x.

B) x/y.

C) (change in y)/(change in x).

D) (change in x)/(change in y).

E) y - x.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

83) In a graph, a straight line has a negative slope if the line

A) is vertical.

B) is horizontal.

C) falls from left to right.

D) rises from left to right.

E) shows a trend.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

87

84) A curve with a positive but decreasing slope represents a relationship where, every time the

variable measured along the horizontal axis increases by one unit, the variable measured along

the vertical axis

A) increases by a constant amount.

B) increases by an increasing amount.

C) increases by a decreasing amount.

D) decreases.

E) does not change by much.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

85) The slope

A) of a straight line is the same regardless of where on the line it is calculated.

B) equals the change in the value of the variable measured on the vertical axis divided by the

change in the variable measured along the horizontal axis.

C) will be small if a large change in the variable measured on the vertical axis is associated with

a small change in the variable measured along the horizontal axis.

D) Answers A and B are correct.

E) Answers A and C are correct.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

86) Which of the following statements is correct?

A) The slope of a straight line changes depending where on the line it is calculated.

B) The slope of a curved line is not defined because it is impossible to calculate the slope along a

curved line.

C) A straight line that slopes upward moving to the right has a positive slope.

D) Answers A and B are correct.

E) Answers A and C are correct.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

88

87) If a small change in the x variable results in a large change in the y variable, the curve will be

A) positively sloped.

B) negatively sloped.

C) steep.

D) flat.

E) trended.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

88) Suppose the relationship between a person's age and his or her height is plotted with the age

measured along the x-axis and the height measured along the y-axis. Then, the curve showing

this relationship is

A) a straight line with a positive slope.

B) positively sloped and becoming less steep.

C) a straight line with a negative slope.

D) negatively sloped and becoming less steep.

E) positively sloped and becoming more steep.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

89) If the quantity of the variable on the y-axis increases by 10 when the quantity of the variable

on the x-axis decreases by 2, then the slope of the curve equals

A) 2.

B) -10.

C) 10.

D) -5.

E) None of the above answers are correct.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

89

90) If the quantity of the variable on the y-axis increases by 3 when the quantity of the variable

on the x-axis increases by 4, then the slope of the curve equals

A) 3.

B) 4.

C) 3/4.

D) 4/3.

E) 1.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

91) The above figure shows the relationship between the price of a slice of pizza and how many

slices of pizza Ricardo buys in a week. Between points A and B, the slope of the line equals

A) -5.

B) -4.

C) -3.

D) -1.

E) -2

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

90

92) The above figure shows the relationship between the price of a slice of pizza and how many

slices of pizza Ricardo buys in a week. Between points A and B, the slope of the line is ________

the slope of the line between points B and C.

A) greater than

B) equal to

C) less than

D) unrelated to

E) not comparable to

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

93) Moving rightward along a straight line, the slope of the line

A) always increases.

B) always decreases.

C) stays the same.

D) increases if the line slopes upward to the right.

E) decreases if the line slopes downward to the right.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

94) A straight line falls when moving rightward along it. Hence the slope of the line is

A) positive.

B) negative.

C) undefined.

D) zero because it is a straight line.

E) perhaps positive, negative, or zero, but without more information it is impossible to

determine.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

91

95) The table above shows data on two variables. If these data were graphed, the slope of the line

would be

A) 1/2.

B) 4/3.

C) 2/3.

D) 3/4.

E) 2.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

92

96) The slope of the line shown in the above figure is

A) -1/3.

B) -5.

C) -1.

D) -3.

E) -10.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

93

97) The slope of the line shown in the above figure is

A) 5.

B) 2/5.

C) 2/3.

D) 5/2.

E) 2.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

94

98) The slope of the line shown in the above figure is

A) -1 1/3.

B) -1 2/3.

C) -1.25.

D) -0.80.

E) 5.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

95

99) The figure above shows the relationship between the time a student spends studying and the

student's GPA that semester. The slope of the relationship at point A equals

A) 3.

B) 3/20

C) 2/20.

D) 1/20.

E) 0.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

96

100) In the above figure, which of the figures shows a relationship between x and y with a

negative slope?

A) Figure A

B) Figure B

C) Figure C

D) Figure D

E) Both Figure A and Figure B

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

97

101) In the above figure, which of the figures show(s) a relationships between x and y with a

positive slope?

A) Figure A and Figure D

B) Figure B and Figure C

C) Figure C only

D) Figure D only

E) Figure A and Figure B

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

102) The figure above shows the relationship between the time a student spends studying and the

student's GPA that semester. This figure shows ________ relationship between the time spent

studying and the GPA.

A) a positive but not linear

B) a negative

C) no

D) a positive, linear

E) cross-sectionally trended

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

98

103) The figure above shows the relationship between the time a student spends studying and the

student's GPA that semester. The slope of the relationship at point A ________ the slope at point

B.

A) is greater than

B) is less than

C) is equal to

D) cannot be compared to

E) can be compared but more information is needed to determine whether the slope is greater

than, less than, or equal to

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

99

104) In the above, which figure(s) show relationship between the variables that is always

positive?

A) Figure A only

B) Figures C and D

C) Figures A and C

D) Figures A, C, and D

E) Figures A and B

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

100

105) In the above, which figure(s) show a relationship between the variables that is always

negative?

A) Figure A only

B) Figure D only

C) Figures A and C

D) Figures A, C, and D

E) Figure B only

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

106) In the above, which figure shows both a positive and a negative relationship between the

variables?

A) Figure A

B) Figure B

C) Figure C

D) Figure D

E) Figure A, B, and D

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

107) In the above, which figure(s) has at least one point at which the slope equals zero?

A) Figure B only

B) Figures A and C

C) Figure D only

D) Figures A, C, and D

E) Figures A and D

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

101

108) In the above, in which figure(s) is the slope the same at every point?

A) Figure A only

B) Figures A and C

C) Figure B only

D) Figures A, C, and D

E) Figures C and D

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

109) The figure above shows the relationship between the price of a dozen roses and the quantity

of roses a florist can sell. The relationship between the price and the quantity the florist can sell

is

A) positive.

B) negative.

C) nonexistent.

D) linear.

E) cross-sectionally trended.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

102

110) The figure above shows the relationship between the price of a dozen roses and the quantity

of roses a florist can sell. The slope between points A and B is

A) 20.

B) 16.

C) 2.

D) 4

E) nonexistent because at point A, 0 roses are sold.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

111) The figure above shows the relationship between the price of a dozen roses and the quantity

of roses a florist can sell. The slope between points B and C equals

A) 16.

B) 8.

C) 4.

D) 2.

E) 14.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

112) The figure above shows the relationship between the price of a dozen roses and the quantity

of roses a florist can sell. The slope between points C and D equals

A) 8.

B) 4.

C) 2.

D) 1.

E) 12

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

103

113) In the figure above, between points A and B, what is the slope of the line?

A) 4

B) 1

C) 3

D) -3

E) 0

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

104

114) What is the slope of the line in the graph?

A) +1/2

B) -1/2

C) + 2

D) -2

E) -3/4

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

105

115) The slope of the curve at point B

A) is greater than the slope at point A.

B) is less than the slope at point A.

C) is equal to the slope at point A.

D) cannot be compared with the slope at point A.

E) can be compared with the slope at point A but more information is needed to determine if the

slope is greater than, less than, or equal to the slope at point A.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

116) To graph a relationship involving more than two variables, we use which assumption?

A) rational decision making

B) post hoc

C) marginal analysis

D) ceteris paribus

E) trend assumption

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

106

117) To graph a relationship among several variables, we hold all but ________ variable(s)

constant and use the ________ assumption.

A) one; scarcity

B) two; ceteris paribus

C) three; scarcity

D) one; ceteris paribus

E) one; absence of trend

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

118) We are investigating the relationship among three variables. We have graphed two of them.

Suppose that the variable that is not measured on the x-axis or the y-axis changes. Then, there is

A) a movement along the plotted curve.

B) a shift in the plotted curve.

C) no impact on the plotted curve because the variable is not measured on either of the axes.

D) an omitted variable.

E) a violation of the absence of trend assumption.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

119) When analyzing graphically the relationship between more than two variables, which of the

following must be used?

A) positive slope assumption

B) assumption of little change

C) ceteris paribus

D) negative slope assumption

E) the assumption that only relevant factors change

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

107

120) Ceteris paribus when graphing a relationship refers to

A) letting all the variables change at once.

B) changing the origin of the graph.

C) holding constant all but two variables.

D) rescaling the coordinates.

E) swapping the axes so that the x-axis is the vertical axis and the y-axis is the horizontal axis.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

121) When two variables in a graph are related to a third, changing the third causes

A) a movement along the curve.

B) a shift of the curve.

C) no change in the curve because the third variable isn't on the axes.

D) either a shift or a movement in the curve but more information is needed to determine which

occurs.

E) None of the above answers is correct.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

122) On a graph showing the relationship between x and y, the ceteris paribus condition implies

that

A) no other variables are related to x and y.

B) the value of x is held constant.

C) the value of y is held constant.

D) other variables not shown are held constant.

E) the value of x and the value of y are held constant.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

108

123) Three variables are related and two of them are plotted in a figure. If the variable that is not

measured on either the x-axis or the y-axis changes, then there is

A) a movement along the drawn curve.

B) a shift in the curve.

C) no impact on the curve because the variable is not measured on either of the axes.

D) either a shift in the curve or a movement along the curve but more information is needed to

determine which.

E) None of the above answers are correct.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: SA

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

124) The above figure shows how many pounds of peanuts farmers are willing to sell at different

prices per pound of peanuts. If the price of a pound of peanuts is $1 and the price of a pound of

pecans is $2, peanut farmers are willing to sell

A) no peanuts.

B) 1000 pounds of peanuts.

C) 2000 pounds of peanuts.

D) 4000 pounds of peanuts.

E) more than 4000 pounds of peanuts.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

109

125) In the above figure, while drawing the line showing the relationship between the price of a

pound of peanuts and the quantity sold, the

A) price of a pound of pecans does not change.

B) price of a pound of peanuts does not change.

C) the quantity of peanuts that farmers supply does not change.

D) Both answers A and B are correct.

E) Both answers B and C are correct.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

126) In the figure above, suppose the price of a pound of pecans is negatively related to the

quantity of peanuts that farmers are willing to supply. If the price of pecans increases,

A) the curve will shift rightward.

B) the curve will shift leftward.

C) there is a movement along the curve.

D) the curve will be unaffected.

E) None of the above answers is correct because the graph assumes that the price of pecans does

not change.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

127) To graph a relationship that involves more than two variables, we use

A) a positive relationship.

B) a direct relationship.

C) a negative relationship.

D) ceteris paribus.

E) movement up along one of the lines showing the relationship between x and y.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MyEconLab Web Site

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

110

128) In the figure above, an increase in z leads to a

A) movement up along one of the lines showing the relationship between x and y.

B) movement down along one of the lines showing the relationship between x and y.

C) rightward shift of the line showing the relationship between x and y.

D) leftward shift of the line showing the relationship between x and y.

E) trend change in both x and y.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

129) In the figure above, ceteris paribus, an increase in x is associated with

A) an increase in y.

B) a decrease in y.

C) an increase in z.

D) a random change in z.

E) no change in either y or z.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: STUDY GUIDE

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

111

1.4 Integrative Questions

1) Suppose you decide to attend summer school and that this is considered a rational choice.

When making this choice,

A) you must ignore the problem of scarcity.

B) you considered the marginal cost and marginal benefit of your choice.

C) you have used the ceteris paribus assumption.

D) you have made a positive statement.

E) you must have considered the social interest.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Integrative

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

2) Which of the following is true?

I. A rational choice is always made in the pursuit of social interest.

II. Economics is a social science.

III. Economists try to understand how the economic world works by testing positive statements.

A) II and III

B) Only I

C) Only II

D) Only III

E) I and II

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Integrative

Author: CO

AACSB: Reflective thinking

112

3) Which of the following is true?

I. A rational choice is made on the margin.

II. Microeconomics is the study of the national economy while macroeconomics is the study of

the global economy.

III. Economists try to understand how the economic world works by testing normative

statements.

A) Only I

B) I and III

C) Only II

D) Only III

E) I and II

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Integrative

Author: CO

AACSB: Reflective thinking

4) Will, Bill, and Phil decide to study an extra hour for an exam. Instead of studying, they could

have gone out to eat, played football, or watched TV. Which of the following statements is

correct?

A) The benefit the three students receive must be the same because they all make the same

choice.

B) The students made a rational choice as long as they face no scarcity.

C) The students could each have different opportunity costs.

D) The marginal cost of the decision is the same if they make the same score on the exam.

E) Going out to eat, playing football, and watching TV are all called sunk costs.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Integrative

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

113

5) Which of the following is true regarding a normative statement?

i) It uses the ceteris paribus assumption.

ii) It is a value judgment.

iii) It accounts for opportunity costs.

A) i and iii.

B) ii and iii.

C) i only.

D) ii only.

E) i, ii, and iii.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Integrative

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

6) To help unscramble cause and effect, economists

A) use the concept of opportunity costs.

B) must use the ceteris paribus assumption.

C) answer the "what" question.

D) answer the "how" question.

E) must use normative statements.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Integrative

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

7) Which of the following is true regarding this statement? "The president's decision to spend

more money on national defense is smart."

A) This is a normative statement.

B) The federal government does not face scarcity.

C) This topic would be studied in microeconomics.

D) Social interest must always be more important than self-interest.

E) Ceteris paribus does not apply to the government.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Integrative

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

114

1.5 Chapter Figures

1) The relationship between distance traveled in 5 hours and speed shown in the figure above is

A) direct, linear.

B) inverse, linear.

C) direct, non-linear.

D) inverse, positive.

E) direct, negative.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: CO

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

2) The relationship between distance traveled in five hours and speed shown in the figure above

is

A) positive.

B) negative.

C) inverse.

D) cross-sectional.

E) multilateral.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

115

3) The figure above shows the relationship between distance sprinted and recovery time. The

curve becomes steeper because as the distance sprinted increases,

A) the extra recovery time needed from sprinting another 100 yards increases.

B) the extra recovery time needed from sprinting another 100 yards decreases.

C) the recovery time increases.

D) the recovery time decreases.

E) the relationship between distance sprinted and recovery time becomes more inverse.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: CO

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

116

4) The figure above shows the relationship between study time and the number of problems

worked. The curve becomes less steep because as you study more,

A) study time becomes less effective.

B) study time becomes more effective.

C) the number of problems worked increases.

D) the number of problems worked decreases.

E) the relationship between study time and the number of problems worked changes from direct

to inverse.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: CO

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

117

5) The figure above shows the relationship between the journey length and the cost of trip per

mile. The curve becomes flatter because as the journey length increases,

A) the fall in the cost per mile becomes smaller.

B) the fall in the cost per mile becomes greater.

C) the cost per mile decreases.

D) the cost per mile increases.

E) the cost per mile remains unchanged.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: CO

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

118

6) What is the slope of the line in the figure above?

A) 0.75

B) -0.75

C) 1.33

D) -1.33

E) Zero

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: CO

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

119

7) What is the slope of the line in the figure above?

A) 0.75

B) -0.75

C) 1.33

D) -1.33

E) Zero

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: CO

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

120

8) In the figure above, what is the slope of the curve at point A?

A) 0.75

B) -0.75

C) 1.33

D) -1.33

E) Zero

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: CO

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

1.6 Essay: Definition and Questions

1) What is the relationship between wants, resources, scarcity, and choices? Discuss the

relationship for an individual and for a society.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Communication

121

2) Why do economists say that even very rich people face scarcity?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

3) What do economists mean when they discuss "scarcity"?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

4) Define economics and describe its branches of study.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Communication

122

5) Why does scarcity lead to the what, how, and for whom questions?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: TS

AACSB: Communication

6) List and explain the three fundamental economic questions that must be answered by all

economic systems.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: PH

AACSB: Communication

7) Pumpkins are grown in New Mexico with the aid of fertilizer. Hence, fertilizer is a partial

answer to which of the three economic question?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

123

8) Different nations answer the what, how, and for whom questions differently. China, for

instance, builds dams using many workers and only a little capital equipment. The United States

builds dams using a few workers and a lot of capital equipment. Which economic question are

these two nations answering and why do the answers differ?

Skill: Level 4: Applying models

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

9) The question "Will doctors or lawyers have higher annual incomes?" represents which of the

three basic economic questions?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.1

Author: JC

AACSB: Communication

1.7 Essay: The Economic Way of Thinking

1) What is an opportunity cost? Give an example.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Communication

124

2) Your friend is preparing for this exam and in your practice session makes the following

statement: "Instead of attending microeconomics class for two hours, Kiki could have played

tennis or watched a movie. Therefore, the opportunity cost of attending class is the tennis and the

movie she had to give up." Is your friend's analysis correct or not? Explain your answer.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Communication

3) Rather than go out to eat by yourself, you decide to stay at home and fix dinner for yourself

and your two roommates. Your roommates applaud your decision.

a. Your first roommate tells you that your decision to eat at home has no opportunity cost

because you already have all the dinner ingredients in your pantry. Is this roommate's comment

correct?

b. When preparing dinner, you use some milk that has a pull-date of tomorrow, so that the milk

would not be good tomorrow. Your second roommate notices the date on the carton, and

comments that the cost of the milk you are using is a sunk cost. Is this roommate's comment

correct?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Communication

125

4) Shaniq can spend the next hour studying for a finance test, hiking along the Oregon coast,

watching reruns of Lost on television, or napping. If she decides to study, what is the opportunity

cost of her choice: hiking, watching television, or napping?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Communication

5) Why is the benefit of something measured by what you are willing to give up?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

6) Define marginal cost and marginal benefit.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

126

7) In New State, the bottling law requires that people get a refund of five cents when they return

an empty bottle or can. Why does the state pay people to return bottles? In your answer, be sure

to mention the role played by rational choice.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Communication

8) Must a rational choice always work out well? In other words, is it possible for someone to

regret a rational decision?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Communication

9) Discuss what is necessary to make rational decisions. Be sure to mention opportunity cost,

marginal cost, and marginal benefit.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SB

AACSB: Communication

127

10) What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

11) What is a positive statement? Give an example.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

12) What is the difference between positive and normative statements?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Communication

128

13) Two economists can agree that raising the minimum wage creates unemployment yet one

might argue that raising the minimum wage is a good policy and the other that it is a bad policy.

Why can this difference exist? Be sure to use the terms positive and normative in your answer.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

14) Explain whether the statement, "There is life on Mars," is a normative or positive statement.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

15) Explain whether the statement, "Hillary Clinton was elected President of the United States in

2008," is a normative or positive statement.

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: MR

AACSB: Communication

129

16) What is a normative statement? Give an example.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: CD

AACSB: Reflective thinking

17) Explain whether the statement "The government should increase tariffs on Japanese cars to

protect the American car industry from competition," is a normative or positive statement.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: SA

AACSB: Reflective thinking

18) What does ceteris paribus mean and why do economists use it?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: TS

AACSB: Reflective thinking

19) For spring break, Melanie will either stay home or go to Daytona Beach. At home, Melanie

pays $10 per day for food and earns $90 a day at her job. At Daytona Beach, Melanie will stay

with friends and so has no lodging cost. She will pay $20 per day for food. In terms of dollars,

Melanie's opportunity cost per day of going to Daytona Beach is how much?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Checkpoint 1.2

Author: JC

AACSB: Reflective thinking

130

1.8 Essay: Appendix

1) Why do economists use graphs?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

2) What kind of information is conveyed in a time-series graph?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

131

3) In the diagram below, label the x-axis, the y-axis, and the origin.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

132

4) The table above shows how many blouses Katie and Kim will purchase at different prices for

a blouse. In the figure, label the axes and put the price on the y-axis and the quantity of blouses

on the x-axis. Plot the data for Katie in the figure. Then, plot the data for Kim in the figure.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

133

5) The figure above shows the price of a DVD player from 1996 to 2000.

a. What type of graph is illustrated above?

b. What is the trend in the price of a DVD player?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 1

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

6) What are the two different types of relationships that variables can have? Explain each. What

do these relationships look like when they are graphed?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

134

7) What is the difference between a positive and a negative relationship?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

8) A graph of two variables is a vertical line. What is the interpretation of this result?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

9) The figure above shows how the sales of the video game "Tomb Raider–Lara Retires" change

when the advertising spent on the game changes. Is the relationship between advertising and the

number of games sold positive, negative, or neither? Explain your answer.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

135

10) The figure above shows how the relationship between the number of hours per week a high

school student spends on the web and the student's SAT score. Is the relationship between hours

on the web and the SAT score positive, negative, neither? Explain your answer.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

136

11) A graph has a point that is either a maximum or a minimum. To the left of the point, the

slope of relationship is positive. To the right of the point, the slope is negative. Is the point a

maximum point or a minimum point? Be sure to draw a figure that supports your answer.

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 2

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

12) What does the slope of a straight line equal? How is the slope of a curved line calculated?

Skill: Level 1: Definition

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

137

13) In the figure above, what can you deduce about the slope of the curve?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

138

14) The table above shows how the number of books Katie buys each year depends on her

income

a. What kind of relationship exists between Katie's income and the number of books she

purchases?

b. Plot the relationship between Katie's income and the number of books she purchases in the

above figure. Measure income along the vertical axis and the number of books along the

horizontal axis. Be sure to label the axes.

c. What is the slope of the relationship between $50,000 and $70,000 of income?

d. What is the slope of the relationship between $90,000 and $110,000 of income?

e. Comment on the similarity or dissimilarity of your answers to parts (c) and (d).

139

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: PH

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

140

15) Graph the data in the table above in the figure. Label the axes.

a. Is the relationship between X and Y positive or negative?

b. What is the slope when X = 4?

c. What is the slope when X = 8?

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

141

16) In the diagram below, draw a straight line with a slope of zero.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

142

17) What does the slope of the line shown in the above figure equal?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

18) What does the slope of the line shown in the above figure equal?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

143

19) What does the slope of the line shown in the above figure equal?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

20) What does the slope of the line shown in the above figure equal?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

144

21) What does the slope of the curved line at point A shown in the above figure equal?

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 3

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

22) "It is impossible to represent a three variable relationship in a two-dimensional graph." Is this

statement true or false? Explain your answer.

Skill: Level 2: Using definitions

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: SB

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

145

23) Jamie is preparing to take his SAT tests. The table above shows how Jamie's score depends

on the number of hours a week Jamie studies

a. Plot the relationship in the figure, putting the hours studied on the horizontal axis.

b. Is the relationship you plotted positive or negative?

c. What happens to the slope of the relationship as hours studied increase?

d. Suppose Jamie can enroll in an SAT prep course and, by so doing, for every possible number

of hours he studies, his score will be 100 points higher. Plot the new relationship between the

number of hours studied and Jamie's SAT score in the figure.

e. How many variables are involved in the figure you just completed?

146

Skill: Level 3: Using models

Section: Chapter 1 Appendix - Checkpoint 4

Author: MR

AACSB: Analytical reasoning

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