Chapter 10 – Motivating Employees
190. One of the elements essential to Frederick Taylor’s approach to improving worker
productivity was:
A. teamwork.
B. a hierarchy of needs.
C. rules of work.
D. open communication.
191. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of ___________, which said that
every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions.
A. motion economy
B. marginal productivity
C. division of labor
D. micro-motion analysis
192. ______________ was the dominant strategy for improving worker productivity
during the early 1900s.
A. Management by objective
B. Scientific management
C. Social Darwinism
D. Job enrichment
10–66
202. Which of the following statements is the best description of how scientific
management viewed employees?
A. Employees are like machines that must be programmed to perform in a certain way
B. Most employees are creative and intelligent individuals who should be given a great
deal of freedom and flexibility in how they perform their jobs
C. Employees will only exert their maximum effort if they believe that their goals are
attainable
D. Employees are individuals who do not respond in the same way to a particular
management style
Feedback: Scientific management had little concern for the psychological or human aspects
of work. Instead, it viewed people as if they were machines that needed to be properly
programmed.
203. The Hawthorne studies concluded that worker motivation:
A. increased when managers applied the scientific management approach.
B. was most affected by monetary incentives.
C. improved when employees felt like their ideas were respected.
D. was mainly determined by physical working conditions such as lighting, temperature,
and humidity.
204.
Chapter 10 – Motivating Employees
The Hawthorne studies were conducted by ____________ and his colleagues from
Harvard University.
A. Henry Gantt
B. Elton Mayo
C. Peter Drucker
D. John Hawthorne
205. The original goal of the Hawthorne studies was to determine:
A. the average IQ of production employees.
B. whether employees could work effectively in unsupervised teams.
C. the level of illumination that was associated with optimum productivity.
D. how to stimulate employees to be more creative.
206. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
is known as the:
A. Hawthorne effect.
B. Taylor effect.
C. Type II effect.
D. induced motivation effect.
10–74
223. Maslow placed _________ needs at the highest level of his hierarchy.
A. self-actualization
B. esteem
C. deferred
D. social
224. When Elaine accepted a position with Cannon Corporation in Dallas, Texas she felt
uneasy. She was new to the area and new to this company. However, she was pleased that
her new job offered her the opportunity to play on the company volleyball team. She
quickly made new friends and, through her new friends, learned about the city.
Apparently, her new job satisfies Elaine’s ________ needs.
A. social
B. esteem
C. self-actualization
D. physiological
Feedback: Social needs refer to the need to feel loved, accepted, and part of a group.
225.
Chapter 10 – Motivating Employees
Jackie had been very pleased with her part-time job at a local convenience store until a
recent incident occurred. During Jackie’s shift, the store was burglarized. Although no one
was hurt, Jackie now feels uneasy and fearful during her late night shift. She is so nervous
and worried that she is having a hard time concentrating on her work and is thinking about
quitting. Management needs to be aware of Jackie’s unmet _______ needs.
A. esteem
B. self-actualization
C. physiological
D. safety
Feedback: Safety needs refer to the need to feel secure at work and at home.
226. John dropped out of school after the ninth grade and now must support himself
though he has few skills. He is a part-time employee at a small retailer earning the
minimum wage. John would like to earn more, but hasn’t been able to find a better job. He
is having a hard time paying his rent and utility bills and has quit eating breakfast to try to
save on his food bills. John is having trouble meeting his:
A. esteem needs.
B. self-actualization needs.
C. social needs.
D. physiological needs.
Feedback: Physiological needs refer to the basic survival needs including the need to drink,
eat, and be sheltered from the heat and cold.
10–76
227. Abraham Maslow thought that once needs at one level of his hierarchy were met:
A. motivation would diminish.
B. another, higher order need would emerge to motivate that person.
C. that type of need would never again be an effective motivator.
D. he or she would become more interested in lower-level needs.
Feedback: Maslow believed that motivation was based on the drive to satisfy unmet needs.
He felt that people focused on satisfying their lower-level needs first, but that once a
particular need was met, a higher-level need would emerge and become a source of
motivation.
228. Most employees in less-developed nations are motivated by the desire to satisfy:
A. physiological needs.
B. social needs.
C. esteem needs.
D. empathetic needs.
Feedback: Employees in less-developed nations struggle to obtain the basic necessities
needed for survival. These necessities are classified as physiological needs.
229.
Chapter 10 – Motivating Employees
Employees in the United States and other developed nations are least likely to be
motivated by the desire to satisfy __________ needs:
A. social
B. esteem
C. physiological
D. self-actualization
Feedback: Most employees in the United States and other developed nations have already
satisfied their physiological needs, which are their needs for food, shelter and other basic
necessities. A satisfied need is no longer a motivator.
230. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, which of the following would be
an issue that requires the fulfillment of a lower order need?
A. The need for a challenging project at work.
B. The need for a promotion at work.
C. The need for a mentor to help you ascend within the company.
D. The need to locate your business in an area with a low crime rate.
Feedback: According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, the needs that fall at or near the
bottom of the pyramid are lower order needs. These are physiological needs and safety needs.
10–79
233. When Anna’s manager sees her coming through the front door, he is greatly relieved.
He knows that the tasks he has planned for the day will not need to be adjusted. Anna’s
work productivity and performance on the job are very good. Recently, her ability to get
to work on time has affected her job performance. Anna’s supervisor has documented a
number of unrelated health issues that have prevented Anna from being to work on time.
If Maslow were still alive, which of the following statements would he likely share with
the supervisor?
A. A lack of socialization on the job may increase an employee’s health-related issues.
B. Self-actualization needs are not being met by this employer.
C. Hygiene factors such as good pay are obviously not present through this employer.
D. Lower order needs such as physiological needs must be met before higher order needs.
Feedback: Maslow believed that when lower order needs were satisfied, then a person would
seek a higher-level need.
234.
Chapter 10 – Motivating Employees
For several years now economists have debated with human rights activists regarding their
concern for workers in third world (developing) nations. Economists state that the
employment provided by sweatshops in these nations, although not ideal, is better than
what was available to these workers before these jobs existed. According to Maslow,
A. growth needs will never be realized by these workers if we do not close down
sweatshops. Human rights activists want to abolish the capitalistic nature of sweatshop
owners.
B. these employees already have their esteem and self-actualization needs met. They are
not as concerned about physiological and safety needs.
C. in many third world countries, it is a daily struggle to meet basic physiological needs.
If the wages provided by sweatshops are close to a living wage for these individuals, the
economists’ view may have merit.
D. the economists’ view does not have merit here, because there is absolutely no reason to
allow employers who treat workers with disrespect to continue to be in business. Workers
are better off with no jobs than to work in unsafe and unclean establishments.
Feedback: According to Maslow, lower order needs must be satisfied before people are
motivated to satisfy higher order needs. The textbook refers to the struggle that many people
experience on a daily basis in third world countries. These workers are constantly concerned
with satisfying lower order needs for themselves and their families.
235. Milo currently has a good job and can afford a decent apartment and plenty of food.
Due to significant political unrest and recent street violence in his town, he is considering
uprooting himself and applying for a visa to move to another country. According to
Maslow, Milo’s concern reflects a desire to satisfy his:
A. physiological needs.
B. safety needs.
C. social needs.
D. self-actualization needs.
Feedback: Safety needs are the needs people have for security both at work and at home.
236.