Speech Chapter 13 Presenting Speech Confidently And Competently Presenting Speech Confidently And Competently

Unlock access to all the studying documents.

View Full Document

Chapter 13 Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 1

Chapter 13—Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently

At a Glance

Styles of Delivering a Speech

Managing Public Speaking Anxiety

Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter you should be able to:

2. Summarize the psychological, physical, and behavioral effects of stage fright.

4. Explain how to use visual cues to deliver an effective speech.

6. Describe the benefits of using presentation aids in a speech.

8. Summarize strategies for maximizing the effectiveness of presentation aids in a speech.

Chapter 13 Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 2

Lecture Outline

I. Styles of Delivering a Speech

A. Some speeches are impromptu.

1. An impromptu speech is a speech that is delivered on the spot, with little or

no preparation.

2. Making an impromptu speech requires you not only to think spontaneously

3. If you’re called on to deliver an impromptu speech, these hints can help you to

succeed:

a. Don’t panic. Remember that you wouldn’t be asked to speak if you didn’t

have something worthwhile to say.

B. Some speeches are extemporaneous.

2. Preparing to speak extemporaneously involves constructing purpose and thesis

3. As an extemporaneous speaker, you want to give the impression that you are

simply talking with your listeners instead of formally addressing them.

4. Extemporaneous speaking offers some advantages over other styles of

delivery.

5. The extemporaneous style of delivery is not the best option in every situation.

a. If the speech must last a specific period of time, it is safer to read from a

C. Some speeches are scripted.

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 3

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

1. A scripted speech is composed word for word on a manuscript and then read

aloud exactly as it is written.

2. Scripted speeches are common in situations when the exact wording of the

3. A scripted speech allows the speakers to deliver grammatically accurate, well-

planned messages within a specified time frame.

5. Scripted delivery is probably the easiest form of speaking.

6. Scripted delivery has some disadvantages.

a. Compared to impromptu and extemporaneous speeches, scripted speeches

D. Some speeches are memorized.

2. Memorizing their words allows speakers to speak without having to handle a

script or set of notes.

4. Memorized speeches are useful when individuals must speak within a

specified time frame.

5. Memorized speeches have some drawbacks.

a. Like scripted speeches, memorized speeches take a good deal of time and

II. Managing Public Speaking Anxiety

A. Public speaking anxiety, sometimes called stage fright, is nervousness or fear

brought on by performing in front of an audience.

B. Public speaking is a common form of stress.

3. Many people feel that public speaking threatens their emotional well-being as

4. Public speaking anxiety has psychological effects.

a. Public speaking anxiety represents a specific form of anxiety, a feeling of

worry and unease.

b. Public speaking anxiety often begins long before speakers stand in front of

5. Public speaking anxiety has physical effects.

a. Fight-or-flight response is a reaction that helps prepare your body either

to confront a stressor (through a fight) or to avoid it (through flight).

b. Public speaking anxiety produces many physical reactions, including

6. Public speaking anxiety influences the way people behave in at least five

separate domains:

a. Voice: Public speaking anxiety can cause the voice to quiver, sound tense,

or sound higher than normal.

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 5

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

1. Public speaking anxiety can overwhelm people and prevent them from

speaking or performing effectively.

2. Debilitating public speaking anxiety often causes two distinct sensations:

D. Make public speaking anxiety an advantage.

2. Focus your nervous energy.

3. Visualize a successful performance.

a. Visualization is developing a particular mental image of winning or

4. Desensitize.

5. Practice in virtual reality.

a. Practice speaking in front of a computer-generated audience.

b. Using a virtual world, find an area with several avatars, or graphic

III. Practicing Effective Delivery

A. Visual elements affect delivery.

1. Facial expression

a. You can use your facial expressions during a speech to add impact to your

words and credibility to your message.

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 6

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

2. Eye contact

a. You should make eye contact with one person in your audience, hold it for

3. Posture and body position

a. During your speech, it’s important to adopt a posture that’s relaxed and

confident.

4. Gestures

a. The use of gestures enhances the effectiveness of a speech.

5. Personal appearance

a. A final visual element of an effective delivery is personal appearance—

clothing, accessories, and grooming.

b. Your appearance should be appropriate for the audience and for the

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 7

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

1. Rate

a. Your speech rate is the speed at which you speak.

2. Volume

a. Vocal volume is the loudness or softness of the voice.

3. Pitch

a. Vocal pitch is a measure of how high or low the voice is.

4. Articulation

a. Articulation is the extent to which the speaker pronounces words clearly.

b. You can improve your articulation by avoiding five common articulation

5. Fluency

a. Fluency refers to the smoothness of the speaker’s delivery.

b. Speeches that are fluent have an uninterrupted flow of words and phrases.

c. Disfluent speeches are characterized by the use of filler words and by

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 8

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

1. Whereas U.S. audiences generally appreciate speeches that are organized

linearly, norms in some Asian cultures value more circular presentations.

2. Cultural norms can also affect the content of a speech.

IV. Using Presentation Aids

A. Presentation aids consist of anything used in conjunction with a speech or

presentation to stimulate listeners’ senses.

B. Presentation aids can enhance your speech.

1. Presentation aids improve attention.

2. Presentation aids improve learning.

1. Objects

a. Almost any physical object can be an effective presentation aid if it is

relevant to your topic and if it can be incorporated easily and safely.

2. Flavors, textures, and odors

a. You can use presentation aids to appeal to your listeners’ senses of taste,

3. Handouts

a. Most handouts are copies of written material that listeners keep after the

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 9

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

b. Handouts can be especially effective when you want your listeners to have

more information than you can reasonably address in your speech.

c. Make certain to bring enough copies for everyone in the audience.

4. People

a. You can use people—including yourself—as presentation aids.

1. A text slide is an electronic display of text used to accompany a speech.

2. A graphic slide is an electronic display of information in a visually

compelling format that can enhance listeners’ attention. Graphic slides include

the following types:

a. A table is the display of words or numbers in a format of columns and

rows and is an effective option when you want to compare the same

information for two or more groups.

b. A chart is a graphic display of numeric information.

E. Choosing and using presentation aids.

1. Remember your goal.

2. Consider the context.

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 10

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

3. Strive for simplicity.

a. Choose or create presentation aids that are as simple and straightforward

4. Be ethical.

5. Practice with your presentation aids.

6. Have a backup plan.

a. Before using any presentation aid, it’s critical to think through anything

that might go wrong and to have a backup plan.

Chapter 13 Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 11

Key Terms

impromptu speech

extemporaneous speech

articulation

fluency

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 12

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

1. For a homework assignment, have your students watch and observe a speaker either live

or on the television. Ask them to take notes on what type of delivery was utilized and

2. Public speaking anxiety is a real and normal fear. Invite someone from your college’s

3. Devote an entire day to the development and use of presentation aids. Show examples of

ineffective presentation aids (for example, posters with sloppy handwriting or text slides

with conflicting text and background colors). Remind students that electronic

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 13

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

1. To practice impromptu speeches, bring in a box of fortune cookies from your local

Chinese restaurant. (They can be purchased in bulk rather inexpensively.) Have students

open their cookies, read their fortunes aloud, and then offer a one-minute response. Do

2. Conduct an informal class survey of your students’ speech anxiety. Pass out small index

cards and ask your students to write a number 1 to 10 on the Public Speaking “Fear

3. Break students into groups. As individuals, have each student create two columns on a

sheet of a paper, one for “speech topics” and one for “presentation aids.” Give students a

4. Use YouTube clips or supplemental videos/DVDs to show your students sample speech

presentations. Try to find one excellent presentation and one that needs much

5. The Dark Side of Communication—Public Speaking Elevates Stress Hormone Levels.

Engage your class in a discussion of how the stress of public speaking manifests itself in

each of them. Ask the following questions posited in the textbook: (1) What physical

Chapter 13 Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently

For Review

1. What are the most common forms of speech delivery?

2. How can you manage public speaking anxiety?

3. How can you deliver a speech effectively?

Chapter 13 Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 15

Pop Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Ping is called on to give a speech with almost no preparation. Her style of delivery will be

a. impromptu.

b. extemporaneous.

c. scripted.

d. memorized.

2. Research shows that anticipatory public speaking anxiety usually peaks

a. when the speech is first assigned.

b. during preparation of the speech.

c. immediately before delivery of the speech.

d. two minutes after delivery is complete.

3. Effective speakers ensure that their gestures

a. appear planned rather than spontaneous.

b. are appropriate in size.

c. are excessive in number.

d. all of these.

4. Alan has a habit of pronouncing the word both as “bolth.” The articulation error he is making

a. addition.

b. transposition.

c. substitution.

d. slurring.

5. The type of chart that displays percentages of a whole, such as the percentage of people who

practice each major world religion, is a

a. table.

b. pie chart.

c. line chart.

d. bar chart.

Fill in the Blanks

6. A _____ speech is written word for word and then read aloud exactly as written.

7. _____ is your body’s reaction to any type of perceived threat.

8. _____ is a technique in which you develop a mental image of yourself giving a successful

speech.

Chapter 13 Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 16

9. The smoothness of your vocal delivery is known as your _____.

10. A representation of an object that you might use as a presentation aid is called a _____.

Floyd: Communication Matters, 3e IM–13 | 17

manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.