234.e1
EXERCISE 1. LABEL THE INDICATED
DIVISIONS/STRUCTURES OF THE SHEEP BRAIN
1 . C e r e b r u m
EXERCISE 2. LABEL THE INDICATED
DIVISIONS/STRUCTURES OF THE SHEEP BRAIN
1 . C e r e b e l l u m
EXERCISE 3. LABEL THE INDICATED
STRUCTURES OF THE SHEEP BRAIN
1 . D u r a m a t e r
EXERCISE 4. LABEL THE INDICATED
DIVISIONS/STRUCTURES
1. Longitudinal fi ssure
EXERCISE 5. LABEL THE INDICATED
STRUCTURES
1. White matter
EXERCISE 6. LABEL THE INDICATED
STRUCTURES
1. Olfactory bulb
EXERCISE 7. PHOTO QUIZ
The cerebellum has been removed. The medulla oblongata
and the pons of the brainstem are more visible.
OF CRANIAL NERVES
CRANIAL NERVE NERVE NAME TYPE OF NERVE
VI Trochlear Motor
V Trigeminal Both
VI Abducent Motor
VII Facial Both
XI Spinal accessory Motor
XII Hypoglossal Motor
SYMPATHETIC
EFFECT
PARASYMPATHETIC
EFFECT
(dilates) Decreases
(constricts)
Gastrointestinal motility,
secretions, and
blood fl ow
Decreases Increases
Diameter of skin blood
CHAPTER
CHAPTER 8 The Nervous System
234.e2
EXERCISE 10. IDENTIFY THE NERVE INDICATED
IN THE FELINE GROIN AREA
EXERCISE 11. IDENTIFY THREE NERVES
INDICATED (MEDIAL SURFACE OF CAT
FORELIMB)
1. Radial nerve
EXERCISE 12. IDENTIFY THE NERVE INDICATED
(LATERAL VIEW OF CAT THIGH)
EXERCISE 13. DEFINE CLINICAL TERMS
1. Arachnoid: Middle layer of the meninges.
2. Brainstem: Most primitive section of the brain, respon-
sible for subconscious functions such as cardiac and
respiratory functions, swallowing, and blood pressure.
9. Dorsal horn of spinal cord: Portion of the gray matter
of the spinal cord that conducts sensory impulses up to
the brain.
10. Dura mater: Outer fi brous layer of the meninges.
11. Facial nerve: Cranial nerve VII; mixed nerve that is
sensory and motor to areas of the face.
12. Femoral nerve: Nerve found on medial surface of thigh
near the femoral artery and vein.
21. Peripheral nervous system: Portion of the nervous
system made up of cordlike nerves that are bundles of
the rest of the body.
22. Pia mater: Inner layer of the meninges that closely
adheres to the brain and spinal cord.
23. Radial nerve: Largest and most cranial of the three
major branches of the brachial plexus; found between
of the hind leg beneath the biceps femoris muscle;
must be avoided when administering intramuscular
injections.
afferent nerves.
26. Spinal cord: Caudal continuation of the brainstem out-
side the skull that continues down the spinal canal
formed by the vertebrae of the spine; conducts sensory
information and motor instructions between the brain
and the periphery of the body.
ward from the brain.
33. White matter: Collection of nerve fi bers in the central
nervous system that is surrounded by myelin, making it
appear white grossly.
EXERCISE 14. CLINICAL THINKING
CHALLENGE #1
1 . T o w a r d
2. Vagus
234.e3
CHAPTER 8 The Nervous System
EXERCISE 15. CLINICAL THINKING
CHALLENGE #2
1. Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem.
2. Sensory nerves carry information to the brain. Motor
nerves carry information away from the brain to initiate
an action.
10. Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. The dura mater
is the thick, tough outer layer; the arachnoid is more
12. The nervous system’s chemical messengers are called neu-
rotransmitters, and they are produced only by neurons
(nerve cells.) The neurotransmitters travel only very short
distances across spaces between nerve cells called syn-
apses. This allows the system to react quickly, but the
17. Local anesthetic drugs prevent sensory nerves from
depolarizing despite stimulation. If these sensory nerves
do not depolarize, the brain is unaware of any sensation
from that area of the body, therefore pain is not felt.
Lidocaine prevents the sensory neuron from depolariz-
ing by blocking the sodium channels through which
mitters in the body.
Many of these poisons bind with the receptors just
autonomic nervous system, resulting in vomiting or
changes in respiration, heart rate, or other autonomic
functions.
In some cases, the poison can combine with the
receptor, but it does not produce an effect. In this case,