Physics Chapter 16 What Refer The Reproductive System Individual

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The Reproductive System

MALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM

EXERCISE 1. LABEL THE PARTS OF THE MALE

REPRODUCTIVE TRACT (BULL)

4 . S i g m o i d ﬂ exure

5. Spermatic cord

6. Testis

EXERCISE 2. IDENTIFY THE LAYERS OF THE

VAGINAL TUNIC OF A TESTICLE

1. Parietal vaginal tunic

2. Visceral vaginal tunic

EXERCISE 3. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES

OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT (CAT)

1 . Te s t i s

5. Spermatic cord

EXERCISE 4. IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES

OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT (DOG)

1. Glans of the penis

FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM

EXERCISE 5. LABEL THE PARTS OF THE FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. Fimbriae

EXERCISE 6. IDENTIFY THE FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM STRUCTURES (CAT)

1. Uterine horn

2. Oviduct

CRITICAL AND CLINICAL THINKING

EXERCISE 7. IDENTIFY CLINICAL TERMS

4. Bulb of the glans: Bulbus glandis; erectile tissue in the

dog’s penis that swells after ejaculation; allows the bitch

and dog to tie.

5. Bulbourethral glands: Most caudal male accessory

reproductive glands; secrete a mucoid liquid that lubri-

cates and cleans the urethra.

6. Cervix: Smooth muscle valve between the uterine body

and the vagina.

8. Corpus cavernosum penis: Larger of the two penile erec-

tile tissues; dorsal to the urethra.

9. Corpus cavernosum urethrae: Smaller of the two penile

erectile tissues; forms a sleeve around the penile urethra.

11. Epididymis: Ribbonlike organ that lies on the surface of

the testis; storage place for spermatozoa.

12. Fimbriae: Fingerlike projections of the infundibulum

that surround a follicle; guide the released ovum into the

infundibulum.

13. Infundibulum: Cuplike enlargement at the ovarian end

CHAPTER

CHAPTER 16 The Reproductive System

448.e2

17. Ovary: Female gonad.

18. Oviducts: Tubes that connect the infundibulum to the

horns of the uterus.

is not erect.

25. Prostate: Single male reproductive accessory gland that

surrounds the urethra and sends many ducts into the

urethra.

26. Retractor penis muscle: Muscle that pulls the penis back

into its

S -shape in animals that have sigmoid ﬂ exures in

36. Vas deferens: Tube that connects the tail of the epididy-

mis to the urethra.

37. Vestibule: Entrance to the vagina; part of the vulva.

38. Visceral vaginal tunic: Connective tissue sac that is

tightly adhered to the testis.

39. Vulva: Only externally visible part of the female repro-

ductive tract; consists of the vestibule, clitoris, and labia.

EXERCISE 8. WHO AM I?

1. Bulbus glandis (or bulb of the glans)

1 1 . P e n i s

12. Placenta

1 3 . P r e p u c e

EXERCISE 9. CLINICAL THINKING

CHALLENGE #1

1 . V a g i n a

2. Infundibulum

3 . C e r v i x

EXERCISE 10. CLINICAL THINKING

CHALLENGE #2

1. The rest of the body’s systems work to ensure the survival

of the individual animal they are part of, whereas the re-

productive system works to ensure the survival of the

species of animal. The reproductive system does interact

with other body systems, but purely reproductive struc-

tures are not essential to the life of an animal. Something

else unique about the reproductive system is that it re-

quires a second animal (of the opposite sex) to carry out

448.e3

CHAPTER 16 The Reproductive System

4. Meiosis is referred to as a reduction division because, as a

cell divides by this process, the total number of chromo-

somes in each of the daughter cells is reduced to one-half

the number of the parent cell. One of each pair of diploid

chromosomes from the parent cell goes to each of the

daughter cells. Each daughter cell then has the haploid

chromosome number.

7. In addition to providing mechanical and nutritional

support, the Sertoli cells help shield the developing

spermatozoa from the body’s immune system. Proteins

on the surfaces of the genetically unique spermatozoa

ovaries. The hormones produced in the ovaries fall into

two categories: estrogens and progestins.

12. The endometrium is composed mainly of simple

columnar epithelium and simple tubular glands that

secrete mucus and other substances. The thickest layer

of the wall is the myometrium, which is made up of

layers of smooth muscle that give the uterus the strength

In most species, ovulation occurs near the end of estrus.

In some species, however, such as camels, cats, ferrets,

and rabbits, ovulation does not occur until the animal is

bred. Metestrus is the period after ovulation, when the