Exercise 7.4, III
(30) 1. I (N • F)
(31) 1. K R
(32) 1. C (L Q)
(33) 1. (E A) • (F A)
Exercise 7.4, III
(34) 1. (F • H) N
(35) 1. T (H • J)
2. (H N) T / T H
(36) 1. T (A N)
(37) 1. (D E) (E D)
2. (D E) (G • H)
(38) 1. (O R) S
(39) 1. (L P) U
Exercise 7.4, III
(40) 1. A W
2. A W
(41) 1. (S T) (S T)
2. (S T) (T K)
(42) 1. G M
Exercise 7.4, III
(43) 1. O (Q • N)
(44) 1. H I
2. H (I F)
(45) 1. P A
2. Q B / (P Q) (A B)
Part IV
(1) 1. D C
(2) 1. C (D • M)
(3) 1. (M S) / S U
(4) 1. D P / (I • D) P
(5) 1. (E P) U / E U
(6) 1. (S • E) C
(7) 1. G A
Exercise 7.4, IV
(8) 1. T (E • G)
2. T (S • E) / E
(9) 1. T (G R) / R (G T)
(10) 1. (A • U) R
Exercise 7.4, IV
Part V (The letters used in the translations are underlined in the text.)
Is This the End?
Brian and Molly are talking about the sudden death of a mutual friend. “I’m still shocked
to think that Karl is gone,” Molly says.
“I know you were quite close to him,” Brian says. “But do you think in some sense Karl
could still be with us? I mean do you think there could be such a thing as postmortem
persistence of consciousness—life after death, as most people say?”
1. T
“But what makes you think that the mind is totally dependent on the brain?” Brian asks.
1. D M
Exercise 7.4, V
1. E (B • M)
2. A M (E A) M
“What reasons are those?” Molly asks.
“Well, we learned about Plato in Introduction to Philosophy,” Brian replies. “And Plato
held that the mind can conceive ideal objects such as perfect justice and perfect triangularity.
2. P
3. T M
“Very interesting,” Molly replies, “but I question whether the mind is really capable of
conceiving ideal objects such as perfect justice and perfect triangularity. For me these things are
1. B
Exercise 7.4, V
2. C S
“Furthermore,” Molly continues, “there are many cases where strokes have caused loss of
1. M • S
9. R N 8, Impl
“It may indeed be the case,” Brian replies, “that memory—or at least certain kinds of
memory—are dependent on the brain. And the same may be true of sensation. But that doesn’t
body. Thus, if the soul is immortal, then consciousness survives the death of the body.”
1. N • I
“If memory goes with the brain,” Molly replies, “then I wonder if the consciousness you
speak of is in any way your consciousness. But setting that aside, are there any reasons for
thinking that the soul is immortal?”
2. P C
3. C (D I)
“Fine,” Molly says. “But what makes you think that you have a nonmaterial soul in the
first place?”
“Well,” Brian replies, “according to Descartes, I am essentially either a mind or a body.
1. M B
“Your argument is so abstruse that I don’t find it very persuasive,” says Molly, as she
scratches her head. “I think the evidence is overwhelming that humans are the product of
1. P • [(P • S) (R D)]
11. S 8, 10, MT
“Wow, that sounds pretty far out,” Brian replies. “Well, it looks like the service is ready
Exercise 7.4, V
Exercise 7.5
Part I
(1) 1. N O
(2) 1. F E
2. (F • E) R / F R
(3) 1. G T
(4) 1. (G H) (S • T)
(5) 1. A (A E) / A F
8. A F 2-7, CP
(6) 1. J (K L)
(7) 1. M (N • O) / N M
(8) 1. P (Q R)
(9) 1. H (I N)
2. (H I) (M N)
Exercise 7.5, I
(10) 1. C (A • D)
(11) 1. M (K L)
(12) 1. F (G • H) / (A F) (A H)
(13) 1. R B
(14) 1. (F • G) H
(15) 1. C (D E)
2. E (D F) / C (E F)
(16) 1. Q (R S)
2. Q (T U)
3. U (R T) / Q (U S)
(17) 1. N (O • P)
2. Q (R • S) / (P Q) (N S)
(18) 1. E (F G)
2. H (G I)
(19) 1. P [(L M) (N • O)]
2. (O T) W / P (M W)
(20) 1. A [B (C • D)]
Exercise 7.5, I
Part II
(1) 1. H D
2. U S / (H • U) (S • D)
(2) 1. P (I W)
2. I (W S) / P (I S)
(3) 1. D (S F)