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Exercise 4.1
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Chapter 4
Exercise 4.1
Part I
1. Quantifier: some; Subject term: executive pay packages; Copula: are; Predicate term:
insults to ordinary workers
2. Quantifier: no; Subject term: stressful jobs; Copula: are; Predicate term: occupations
Exercise 4.2
Part I
1. E proposition, universal, negative, subject and predicate terms are distributed.
Part II
1. No drunk drivers are threats to others on the highway.
Part III
Exercise 4.2
Part IV
1. Some oil spills are not events catastrophic to the environment.
Exercise 4.3
Part I
B
Part II
1. Invalid 6. Invalid 11. Invalid
Part III
1. No S are B.
S
N
J
5. F: No J are N.
N
Some J are not N.
Invalid
X
J
X
Exercise 4.3
10. No V are A.
V A
Part IV
Exercise 4.4
Part I
1. No Non-B are A. True
Exercise 4.4
Part II
1a. All storms intensified by global warming are hurricanes. (Not logically equivalent)
b. No completely successful procedures are cosmetic surgeries. (Logically equivalent)
c. Some works that celebrate the revolutionary spirit are murals by Diego Rivera.
2a. No radically egalitarian societies are societies that preserve individual liberties.
c. Some college football coaches are not people who slip money to their players.
c. Some politicians who want to increase taxes are politicians who defend Social
equivalent)
Part III
1. Invalid (illicit conversion)
Exercise 4.4
12. Invalid (illicit contraposition)
Exercise 4.5
Part I
Exercise 4.5
Part II
1. Valid
Part III
1. Valid, unsound
2. Valid, sound
Exercise 4.5
Part IV
1. All non-B are A. (True)
2. All A are non-B. (False)
Part V
1. Valid
2. Valid
Part VI
1. All I are C.
2. No non-G are E.
