Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
Exercise 2.1
NOTE: If you are having any issues seeing logic symbols in this Word document, select "Read"
mode under the View menu in MS Word. PDF versions of the Instructor Manual are also
available on the Instructor Companion Site.
Chapter 2
Exercise 2.1
Part II
1. In dog sled races the dogs are tortured.
2. The children of Somalia are starving and covered with flies.
Such a condition is extremely evil.
3. The beliefs of the creationists are mistaken, ignorant, and superstitious.
No beliefs that are mistaken, ignorant, and superstitious should be taught in school.
4. Free ownership of guns is as noble as belief in God and intestinal fortitude.
Belief in God and intestinal fortitude made our country great and free.
5. All killers should pay for their crimes by spending many years in jail.
The insanity plea allows killers to spend as little as six months in a mental hospital and then
6. Abortion and infanticide have produced a holocaust in our nation.
Exercise 2.1
7. The celebration of cultural diversity causes social fragmentation.
The celebration of cultural diversity is symptomatic of a split personality.
8. A kind and loving God wants children to be happy, well-fed, cared for, and loved.
The pro-choice attitude insures that the children who are born will be happy, well-fed, cared
for, and loved.
9. Over thousands of years, organized religion has solved no social problems.
Organized religion has exacerbated social problems by promoting fear, superstition, and
irrational mythologies.
10. Liberalism has excessively enlarged the welfare system.
Liberalism has made welfare recipients indolent and irresponsible.
The liberals refuse to acknowledge or correct the defects in this system.
Part IV
Exercise 2.1
1. Probably verbal (ambiguity). Does "sound" designate a subjective perception or an objective
disturbance of the air (or some other medium)?
2. Factual and verbal (vagueness). What do we mean by "art"? Also, Barbara appears
3. Factual. Did Kobe Bryant score 37 points or 34 points?
4. Probably verbal (ambiguity). By "violence" do we mean intentional hostility exerted by one
human against another, or the operation of blind physical forces? Possibly a combination of
5. Probably a combination of verbal (ambiguity) and factual. Does "death" mean the point at
which the soul takes leave of the body, or the point at which life terminates? Also, Kathy
6. Verbal (ambiguity). Does "education" refer to formal schooling only, or to schooling plus
informal study?
8. Verbal (ambiguity). Does "euthanasia" refer to passive measures to end life or active
measures?
9. A combination of verbal (vagueness) and factual. What does "music" mean? Also, Cheryl
10. Factual. When was the Battle of Trafalgar fought, and when did Nelson die?
11. Verbal (ambiguity). Eric thinks "metaphysics" refers to the study of magic and ghosts, while
12. Probably a combination of verbal (ambiguity) and factual. Does "intelligence refer to IQ or
to practical abilities? Also, Harold claims that Steinbeck's classes are worth taking, whereas
13. Probably a combination of verbal (ambiguity and vagueness) and factual. First, does
"freedom" mean the absence of external constraint only, or the absence of both internal and
external constraint? Second, given the former, is it appropriate to punish the perpetrator of
evil acts even though those acts might be internally compelled?
14. Factual in two ways. First, is the sun's volume greater or less than the earth's, and second, is
gravity proportional to a body's mass or its volume? Of course, both disputants are mistaken
15. Verbal (ambiguity). Does “three-piece” mean three instruments or three musical pieces?
16. Verbal (vagueness). How much must one earn to be overpaid?
18. Verbal (vagueness) and possibly factual. What is required for something to be called a food?
19. Verbal (vagueness). When is someone considered to be poor?
Exercise 2.2
Part I
1. extortion - term
laborious - nonterm
cunningly - nonterm
Exercise 2.2
2. drum: round, loud
politician: gregarious, double-talking, elected
devil: crafty, evil, powerful
3. newspaper: Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Washington Post
scientist: Enrico Fermi, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg
4a. plant, tree, conifer, spruce, Sitka spruce
Part II
Exercise 2.3
Part I
Exercise 2.3
6. Lexical
Part II
4. Energy: A physical unit equal to the mass multiplied by the speed of light squared.
5. Conservative: A responsible person interested in preserving the values of the past.
Part III
Exercise 2.3
Exercise 2.4
Part I
1. Subclass 16. Etymological
Part II
1a. "Skyscraper" means the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, Willis Tower, etc.
Nonsynonymous term: "Buildings"
2a. Ocean: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic
3a. "Animal" means a horse, bear, lion, and so on.
Exercise 2.4
5a. "Intersection" means crossing.
6a. A person is a "genius" if and only if that person can earn a score of 140 on an IQ test.
7a. "Drake" means a male duck.
Exercise 2.4
8a. Morphology: Derived from the Greek morphe (form) and logos (reason, speech, account).
Part III
Exercise 2.5
Part I
1. Too narrow: The definiens excludes images made of bronze, wood, plaster, etc.
2. Circular
3. No reference is made to the context.
Exercise 2.5
