Intervention and Reflection
BASIC ISSUES IN BIOETHICS
10TH EDITION
Ronald Munson and Ian Lague
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
NOTES AND REFERENCES
This document contains both specific citations and more general resources relevant to the
contents of Intervention and Reflection, 10th Edition. For further references and resources
please see the Notes and References documents for the 9th edition of the text, also
available at Cengage.com.
Chapter 1: Physicians, Patients, and Others
Case Presentation: Donald (Dax) Cowart Rejects Treatment—and Is Ignored draws on Alice
Social Context: Autism and Vaccination made use of the following sources: “Data & Statistics
on Autism Spectrum Disorder,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; “What We’ve Learned About
Autism,” Autism Speaks; and A. J. Baxter, T. S. Brugha, H. E. Erskine, R. W. Scheurer, T. Vos, and J. G.
Scott, “The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Autism Spectrum Disorders,” Psychological Medicine 45,
no. 3 (2015): 601–613. For information on vaccine safety, see “Frequently Asked Questions about
Dead,” Science-Based Medicine, September 4, 2013; Sharyl Attkisson, “Vaccines, Autism and Brain
Damage: What’s in a Name?” CBS News, September 14, 2010; and Jeffrey S. Gerber and Paul A. Offit,
“Vaccines and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses,” Clin. Infect. Dis. 48, no. 4 (2009): 456–461. For
information on measles, see “Measles,” World Health Organization, February 2015; “Frequently Asked
Questions about Measles in the U.S.,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 31, 2015; and
Donald G. McNeil, Jr., “Measles Cases in U.S. Reach a 20-Year High,” The New York Times, May 30,
2014, A21.
The history and rationale behind immunization is explained at “What Would Happen If We Stopped
Vaccinations?” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 19, 2014; The College of Physicians of
Philadelphia, “History of Diphtheria,” The History of Vaccines; “Why Immunize?” Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, September 23, 2014; M. Watanabe and M. Nagai, “Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in
Material in Case Presentation: Faith and Medicine is drawn from Dirk Johnson, “Trials for
Parents Who Choose Faith Over Medicine,” The New York Times, January 21, 2009, A23; “Religious
Exemptions From Health Care For Children,” CHILD, Inc.; Shane Dixon Kavanaugh, “Living on a Prayer:
Why Does God Kill So Many Children in Idaho?” Vocative, November 17, 2014; Dan Tilkin, “Fallen
Followers: Investigation Finds 10 More Dead Children of Faith Healers,” KATU News, November 8, 2013;
Sally Showman, “Albany Parents Held in Daughter’s Death,” KOIN.com, August 29, 2013; Mail Foreign
Social Context: Placebos and Paternalism is based on Stephanie Castillo, “Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome Now Accepted as Illness by Institute of Medicine,” Medical Daily, February 11, 2015; “Beyond
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness,” Institute of Medicine of the
National Academies, February 2015; Jon C. Tilburt, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, et al., “Prescribing ‘Placebo
Information in Social Context: The Obesity Epidemic was drawn from S. Jay Olshansky, Jennifer
Layden, David S. Ludwig, et al., “A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st
Century,” The New England Journal of Medicine 352, no. 11 (2005): 1138–1145; G. Whitlock, S.
Lewington, P. Sherliker, et al. “Body-Mass Index and Cause-Specific Mortality in 900,000 Adults:
Collaborative Analyses of 57 Prospective Studies,” Lancet 373, no. 9669 (2009): 1083–1096; Cari M.
Kitahara, Alan J. Flint et al., “Association between Class III Obesity (BMI of 40–59 kg/m2) and Mortality: A
Pooled Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies,” PLoS Medicine, July 8, 2014; “Obesity Kills More Americans
Than Previously Thought,” Community Health, Food Policy and Obesity, August 12, 2013; “Obesity
Consequences,” Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; G. Danaei, E. L. Ding, D. Mozaffarian, B.
Taylor, J. Rehm, C. J. Murray, and M. Ezzati, “The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States:
Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors,” PLoS Med 6, no. 4
(2009): e1000058; Earl S. Ford, Leah M. Maynard, and Chaoyang Li, “Trends in Mean Waist
Scott, “Should Medicaid Incentivize Healthy Behavior?” Governing, March 6, 2013; “Imposing Personal
Responsibility for Health,” The Center for Health and Health Care in Schools; Doug Trapp, “Federal Rule
Drastically Cuts Wellness Program in West Virginia,” amednews.com, November 12, 2010; Olga Khazan,
“The Case for Health–Warning Labels on Soda,” The Atlantic, February 18, 2014; Anahad O’Connor, “The
Problem with Serving Sizes,” The New York Times, August 2, 2011; James M. Raczynski, Joseph W.
Thompson, Martha M. Phillips, Kevin W. Ryan, and Herschel W. Cleveland, “Arkansas Act 1220 of 2003 to
Reduce Childhood Obesity: Its Implementation and Impact on Child and Adolescent Body Mass Index,”
Journal of Public Health Policy 30 (2009): S124–S140; Nicholas Confessore, “Lunch Money,” The New
York Times, October 12, 2014; Daniel Williams, “Bent Out of Shape,” Time, September 11, 2006; Reuters,
“Obesity Health Costs Exceed Smoking, Drugs” June 3, 2005; Kate Walker, “Diabetes, Prevention, and
Cause,” UPI, October 26, 2006; and James Hamblin, “Why We Took Cocaine Out of Soda,” The Atlantic,
January 31, 2013.
Case Presentation: Healing the Hmong draws heavily on Anne Fadiman, The Spirit Catches You
and You Fall Down (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997). The current version also draws on the
following articles: Jennifer Ann Yang, “Marriage by Capture in the Hmong Culture: The Legal Issue of
Cultural Rights versus Women’s Rights,” Law and Society Review at UCSB, Volume III (2004); Joe
Bigham, “Judge Rules Against Corrective Surgery for Boy Whose Religion Forbids It,” AP News Archive,
December 21, 1990; P. Nuttall and F. C. Flores, “Hmong Healing Practices Used for Common Childhood
The Chapter 1 Briefing Session utilized the following sources: On development of licensing
procedures for physicians and on the development of medical education, see John Duffy, The Healers:
The Rise of the Medical Establishment (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977) and Kenneth M. Ludmerer, Time to
Heal: American Education from the Turn of the Century to Managed Care (New York: Oxord University
Press, 1999.) The multiple sclerosis study by C. Levine, “Delaying the Diagnosis: Truth-Telling and
Multiple Sclerosis,” is reported in Hastings Center Report 13 (1983): 2–3. For a review of HIPPA, see Lynn
“Controlling the Woman to Protect the Fetus,” Law Medicine and Health Care 2 (1989): 114–129. The
Supreme Court decision is reported in Linda Greenhouse, “Drug Tests Curbed During Pregnancy” The
New York Times, March 21, 2001.