288 CHAPTER 39 / Self-Concept
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1
Summarize the development of self-concept and self-esteem, including the
framework described by Erikson.
Concepts for Lecture
1. A person is not born with a self–concept; rather, it develops as a
result of social interaction with others.
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2
Describe the dimensions and components of self-concept.
Concepts for Lecture
1. Four dimensions of self–concept are self-knowledge, self–
expectation, social self, and social evaluation.
Self-knowledge is the knowledge that one has about oneself,
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3
Identify common stressors affecting self-concept and coping strategies.
Concepts for Lecture
2. Identity stressors include change in physical appearance; declining
4. Self-esteem stressors include lacking positive feedback from
C
HAPTER
39
SELF-CONCEPT
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LASSROOM
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CTIVITIES
• Divide the students into eight groups. Assign
each group a developmental stage. Have the
students develop suggestions for assisting
individuals to successful resolution of the
developmental tasks.
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LASSROOM
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CTIVITIES
• Have the students provide examples of situations
in which a positive self-concept assists a nurse to
help clients meet their needs.
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LASSROOM
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CTIVITIES
• Discuss identity, body image, self-esteem, and
role stressors that may occur as a result of illness
or disability.
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LINICAL
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CTIVITIES
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4
Describe the essential aspects of assessing role relationships.
Concepts for Lecture
1. The nurse assesses the client’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction
associated with role responsibilities and relationships.
To obtain data related to the client’s family relationships and
satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work roles and social roles, the
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Identify nursing diagnoses related to altered self-concept.
Concepts for Lecture
1. Three of the NANDA nursing diagnostic labels relating specifically
to the domain of self-perception and the classes of self-concept, self-
2.
Additional nursing diagnoses that may apply to clients with problems of
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Describe nursing interventions designed to achieve identified outcomes for
clients with altered self-concept.
Concepts for Lecture
1. Nursing interventions to promote a positive self–concept include
helping a client to identify areas of strength. For clients who have an
altered self-concept, nurses should establish a therapeutic relation-
2.
Nurses can employ the following specific strategies to reinforce
strengths: stress positive thinking; notice and verbally reinforce client
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LASSROOM
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CTIVITIES
• Using the Assessment Interview guides in the
textbook, have the students assess each other.
Discuss feelings of the “client” during this
assessment process.
• Discuss cultural and life-span considerations
when assessing self-concept.
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LASSROOM
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CTIVITIES
• Using the nursing diagnosis reference book
required by the curriculum, have the students
review the defining characteristics, etiology, or
risk factors for the three specific NANDA
diagnoses related to self-perception.
•
Have the students identify nursing diagnoses
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LASSROOM
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CTIVITIES
• Using the framework presented in Box 39–2,
have the students identify their own strengths.
• Discuss how positive self-talk can be used to
prevent negative self-talk.
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LINICAL
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CTIVITIES
• Have the students list examples of how
290 CHAPTER 39 / Self-Concept
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7
Describe ways to enhance client self-esteem.
1. The nurse assisting a client who has an altered self–concept must
establish a therapeutic relationship. To do this, the nurse must have
self-awareness and effective communication skills.
The nurse can use the following techniques to help clients
analyze the problem and enhance self–esteem:
•
Encourage clients to appraise the situation and express their
feelings.
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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LINICAL
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CTIVITIES
•
Have the students observe health care person-
nel’s interactions with clients and document how
each maintained the clients’ self-esteem. Have
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UGGESTIONS FOR
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• Review life-span considerations for enhancing
self-esteem in children and elders.