Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-1
Chapter 3
Addressing on Networks
At a Glance
Instructor’s Manual Table of Contents
• Overview
• Objectives
• Teaching Tips
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-2
Lecture Notes
Overview
In this chapter, students learn the several methods used to address and find software,
computers, and other devices on a network. They will take a bottom-up approach to the OSI
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter and completing the exercises, the student will be able to:
• Find the MAC address of a computer and explain its function in network communications
• Configure TCP/IP settings on a computer, including IP address, subnet mask, default
gateway, and DNS servers
Teaching Tips
Addressing Overview
1. Give students a quick overview of the four addressing methods, starting at the bottom of
the OSI model.
• Data Link layer MAC address
MAC Addresses
2. Use Figure 3-1 to illustrate a NIC’s MAC address.
3. Describe the two components of a MAC address:
5. Explain how a student can determine which company manufactured a NIC by looking
up its block ID if you know a computer’s MAC address.
IP Addresses
1. Remind students that IP addresses identify nodes at the Network layer.
2. Explain the two types of IP addresses that can be assigned to a device:
3. Discuss the use of a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server to manage
dynamic distribution of IP addresses to devices on a network.
5. Discuss some of the settings students will view in the TCP/IP settings:
7. Remind students that networks may use two types of IP addresses: IPv4 addresses and
IPv4 Addresses
1. Review the makeup of an IPv4 address.
3. Describe the three types of network classes used for LANs in traditional IP addressing.
Point out that these are called public IP addresses.
5. Mention the existence of Class D and Class E addresses and give an example of how
6. Use Table 3-2 to discuss reserved IP addresses.
7. Explain the use of the number 255 in broadcast transmissions.
8. Discuss dynamic IP address assignment using DHCP.
10. Define NAT (Network Address Translation) as a technique to conserve the number of
11. Discuss the reasons why an administrator would choose to implement address
translation.
13. Discuss the two variations of NAT that students should be aware of:
14. Use Figure 3-10 to discuss the differences in SNAT and DNAT.
IPv6 Addresses
1. Review the format of IPv6 addresses:
a. 128 bits written as eight blocks of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons
3. Discuss the terms used in the IPv6 standard that students will need to be familiar with:
a. link/local link
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-5
4. Describe the three types of IP addresses supported by IPv6:
5. Use Figure 3-13 to discuss two types of unicast addresses: global and link local
addresses.
7. Use Table 3-3 to discuss currently used address prefixes for IPv6 addresses.
8. Demonstrate using the ipconfig command to view addresses assigned to all network
9. Describe the three steps involved in IPv6 autoconfiguration.
Teaching
Students may find more information on IP addressing concepts at
Quick Quiz 1
1. True or False: Every host on a network is assigned a unique character-based name
called the fully qualified domain name.
2. The first 24 bits in a MAC address are known as which of the following?
a. device ID
b. OUI
c. extension ID
d. host ID
3. The _____ is the gateway device that nodes on the network turn to first for access to the
outside world.
4. Which of the following is a technique designed to conserve the number of public IP
addresses needed by a network?
a. public addressing
b. NAT
c. multicasting
d. broadcasting
5. IPv6 addresses are composed of ____ bits.
a. 32
b. 64
c. 128
d. 256
Ports and Sockets
2. Use the example in the book to explain the use of a socket. For example, the standard
3. Use Figure 3-16 to demonstrate establishment of a session with the Telnet service.
4. Explain that port numbers range from 0 to 65535 and are divided into three types:
5. Use Table 3-4 to illustrate commonly used TCP and UDP port numbers.
6. Take a moment to discuss some of the protocols that have yet to be covered in the book:
a. TFTP
b. NTP
Teaching
Students may find more information on network ports used by key Microsoft Server
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-7
Domain Names and DNS (Domain Name System)
1. Point out that host names and domain names were created because character-based
names are easier for humans to remember than numeric IP addresses.
3. Define and explain how domain names are registered with an Internet naming authority.
4. Use Table 3-5 to illustrate some well-known top-level domains.
5. Introduce students to name resolution, which is the process of discovering the IP
6. Introduce and describe DNS (Domain Name System or Domain Name Service).
7. Define and describe the following:
a. namespace
Namespace Databases
2. Explain that an authoritative server is the authority on computer names and their IP
addresses for computers in their domains.
Name Servers
1. Discuss the four common types of DNS servers:
a. primary DNS server
2. Use Figure 3-17 to demonstrate that name servers are organized in a hierarchical
structure beginning with root servers.
3. Use Figure 3-18 as an example to illustrate domain name resolution.
4. Discuss a few ways the DNS process can get more complex.
5. Define and describe the two types of DNS requests:
Resource Records in a DNS Database
1. Explain how resource records come in many different types, depending on their
function.
2. Discuss the different types of resource records that an administrator should be familiar
with:
a. A (Address) record
b. AAAA (Address) record
3. Use Table 3-6 to discuss zone file records used to configure a DNS server.
DNS Server Software
1. Point out that most popular DNS server software is BIND, which is free, open source
software that runs on Linux, UNIX, and Windows platforms.
4. Use Figure 3-19 to discuss DNS services handled by two different servers so that the
internal network remains protected.
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Troubleshooting Address Problems
1. Explain that Event Viewer is one of the first places to start looking for clues when
something goes wrong with a computer. Use Figure 3-20 in your discussion
Troubleshooting Tools
1. Define and explain ping (Packet Internet Groper).
2. Explain how ping uses ICMP services.
4. Use Table 3-7 to describe the different ping command options, switches, and the
syntax of the command.
Teaching
Students may find more information about the ping utility at
6. Define and explain the ipconfig utility.
7. Use Table 3-8 to discuss some of the options that can be used with the ipconfig
command.
Teaching
8. Define and explain the ifconfig utility.
9. Use Figure 3-26 to illustrate detailed information available through ifconfig.
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-10
Teaching
10. Define and explain the nslookup utility.
12. Use Figure 3-29 to demonstrate the interactive mode of the nslookup utility.
13. Introduce students to the dig (domain information groper) utility. Point out that this
14. Use Table 3-10 to discuss some sample dig commands.
Common Network Issues
1. Discuss some remedies for when a computer or device continues to show the wrong
time after powering on.
3. Discuss how to view and change settings on a DHCP server. Use Figure 3-30 in your
discussion.
4. Discuss some common network configuration errors:
a. incorrect netmask
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-11
Quick Quiz 2
1. HTTP uses which port number for requests between web servers and web clients?
a. 23
b. 25
c. 68
d. 80
2. The last part of an FQDN is called the _______.
a. host name
b. domain name
c. top-level domain
d. resolver
3. When a secondary DNS server needs to update its database, it makes a request to the
primary server. This process is known as which of the following?
a. zone transfer
b. zone caching
c. distributed database
d. BIND
4. Which type of DNS server is an optional server that receives queries from local clients
but doesn’t work to resolve the queries?
a. primary DNS server
b. secondary DNS server
c. caching DNS server
d. forwarding DNS server
5. True or False: The ipconfig utility is the TCP/IP configuration and management utility
used on UNIX and Linux systems.
Class Discussion Topics
1. As a class, compare and contrast IPv4 and IPv6.
2. Ask students if IPv6 has been implemented at their workplace. Discuss whether they
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-12
Additional Projects
1. Have each student research DHCPv6 and how it is used to serve up global IPv6
2. Have students research the dig utility and how it can be used to troubleshoot DNS
Additional Resources
1. IBM TCP/IP RedBook
2. TCP/IP Fundamentals for Microsoft Windows: Overview
3. IPv6
4. IPv6 Addressing
5. Use Dig to Administer Windows DNS servers
Key Terms
For definitions of key terms, see the Glossary near the end of the book.
➢ A (Address) record
➢ broadcast domain
➢ caching DNS server
➢ canonical name
➢ classful addressing
➢ CLI (command-line interface)
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-13
➢ CNAME (Canonical Name) record
➢ default gateway
➢ device ID
➢ DNS zone
➢ domain name
➢ dual stacked
➢ dynamic IP address
➢ elevated Command Prompt
➢ host ID
➢ host name
➢ IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
➢ ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
➢ ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
➢ iterative query
➢ LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
➢ LDAPS (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol over SSL)
Network+ Guide to Networks, 8th Edition 3-14
➢ lease time
➢ neighbors
➢ netmask
➢ network ID
➢ node ID
➢ NS (Name Server) record
➢ PTR (Pointer) record
➢ public IP address
➢ RA (router advertisement)
➢ recursive query
➢ registered port
Translation)
➢ SPF (Sender Policy Framework)
➢ socket
➢ SRV (Service) record
➢ static IP address