Networking Chapter 12 Instructors Manual Materials Accompany Computer Security Fundamentals Cyber Terrorism And Information

Unlock access to all the studying documents.

View Full Document

Instructor’s Manual Materials to Accompany

COMPUTER SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS

CHAPTER 12

CYBER TERRORISM AND INFORMATION WARFARE

CHAPTER 12 OBJECTIVES

When students finish reading this chapter, they will be able to:

• Explain what cyber terrorism is and how it has been used in some actual cases.

• Understand the basics of information warfare.

• Have a working knowledge of some plausible cyber-terrorism scenarios.

• Have an appreciation for the dangers posed by cyber terrorism.

CHAPTER OVERVIEW

As the world becomes more dependent upon computer systems, the danger of cyber terrorism will grow. Cyber

terrorism is not a big problem today; it is the problem that is looming on our horizon. There must be a much

stronger emphasis on computer security. In addition to the basic security measures recommended in this book,

this chapter provides recommendations for preparing for and protecting systems against cyber terrorism. This

chapter explores the actual and possible use of computers for terrorism, information warfare, propaganda,

information control, and disinformation. It looks at the history and future trends in cyber terrorism and some steps

to take to combat it.

The major sections in this chapter are

1. Introduction. This section offers a description of cyber terrorism and why it is a growing threat to IT

security.

3. Military Operations Attacks. This section depicts how our military operations could be compromised

through less secure minor systems.

5. Information Warfare. This section covers the use and misuse of information for propaganda, information

control, and divulging disinformation to the enemy.

7. Future Trends. This section covers both positive and negative trends in the ongoing battle with cyber

terrorism.

CHAPTER OUTLINE

I. Chapter 12 Objectives

II. Introduction

Actual Cases of Cyber Terrorism

China Eagle Union

III. Economic Attacks

IV. Military Operations Attacks

V. General Attacks

Supervisory Control and Data Acquistions

VI. Information Warfare

Propaganda

Information Control

Disinformation

VII. Actual Cases

Recent cases

VIII. Future Trends

Positive Trends

Negative Trends

IX. Defense Against Cyber Terrorism

X. Summary

XI. Test Your Skills

XII. Exercises

XIII. Projects

KEY TERMS

cyber terrorism Using the Internet to terrorize someone or some group of individuals.

hactivism Hacking conducted for ideological purposes.

TEACHING NOTES

I. Economic Attacks

Teaching Tips: Our economy is based on trust. Trust is built on good information.

Point out that the economic crash of the 1930s happened in large part due to a breakdown in trust in the

stock market and banks. Many peoples’ economic lives were ruined when that trust was broken. Now

imagine that terrorists could break the economic trust we have in the banking system or start a rumor that

the banking system was ready to fail. What would be the outcome?

II. Military Operations Attacks

Teaching Tips: “The army travels on its stomach.” How many computerized systems

are in use by the military to keep the army running and well informed? Have students list as many

systems as they can think of.

III. General Attacks

Teaching Tips: Review what havoc viruses, worms, and malicious programs have

done in the past. Ask the class what would happen if these had been a coordinated attack by paid

professionals.

IV. Information Warfare

V. Actual Cases

Teaching Tips: Ask students whether they can recall any cases of cyber terrorism.

Ask what their feelings are about the CIA or NSA using cyber terrorism against other countries.

VI. Future Trends

Teaching Tips: As hackers have shown, there are always unknown vulnerabilities in

our computer systems. What can the government do to help protect U.S. systems and the Internet? Can we

completely protect cyberspace? Should we spend resources if most cyber terrorism acts are not fatal?

VII. Defense Against Cyber Terrorism

PROJECTS/EXERCISES

I. Discussion Questions

A. Discussion Question 1

Are we better prepared against cyber terrorism since 9/11? How?

B. Discussion Question 2

Currently, what do you think is the most vulnerable computer system to cyber

terrorism? What could be the results if attacked?

II. Web Projects

A. Web Project 1

Go to Google.com to find articles about whether cyber terrorism is a real risk or

is over-hyped. Try starting at

http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/security/0,2000061744,20280859,00.htm and

http://www.walden.co.il/pages/News/221101.html.

B. Web Project 2

Go to Google.com to find out about the software backdoor that the U.S. installed

in a U.S.S.R. oil pipeline program during the Cold War. You can start at

http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/03/16/explosive_cold_war_trojan_has/. How does

U.S. involvement in cyber warfare impact our interests in other countries?

Answer: This project can further students’ understanding of information warfare.

Discussion could include the sometimes opposing interests of defending the U.S. and being

a part of the global economy.

C. Web Project 3

Go to Google.com and look up “Digital Pearl Harbor.” What are the

assumptions? Is it realistic? What could be the impact?

D. Web Project 4

Go to Google.com and find out how terrorists are using the Internet for

communications and coordination. You can start at

http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr116.pdf.

WEB RESOURCES

• Cyber terrorism resources

CHAPTER REVIEW/ANSWERS TO TEST YOUR SKILLS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the most likely damage from an act of cyber terrorism?

2. Which of the following is not an example of financial loss due to cyber terrorism?

3. Which of the following military/government systems would most likely be the target of a

successful computer hack?

4. Which of the following might be an example of domestic cyber terrorism?

5. What differentiates cyber terrorism from other computer crimes?

6. Which of the following is a political group that has already used the Internet for political

intimidation?

7. What is information warfare?

8. Which of the following would most likely be considered examples of information warfare?

9. Which of the following is a likely use of Internet newsgroups in information warfare?

10. Sending a false message with weak encryption, intending it to be intercepted and deciphered, is

an example of what?

11. Which of the following best describes the communication goal of any intelligence agency?

12. Which of the following conflicts had a cyber warfare component?

13. Which of the following agencies has allegedly had one of its cyber spies actually caught?

14. According to the October 2002 InfoWorld magazine article, which of the following systems may

be vulnerable to attack?

15. Which of the following is a cyber attack that would likely cause imminent loss of life?

Exercises

EXERCISE 10.1 FINDING INFORMATION WARFARE

EXERCISE 10.2: CYBER TERRORISM THREAT ASSESSMENT

The purpose of this exercise is to show students how to use the Internet as an information source on

EXERCISE 10.3: FINDING INFORMATION POLICIES

EXERCISE 10.4: HOW COMPANIES DEFEND AGAINST CYBER TERRORISM

Students must get a sense of real-world applications for what they are learning and for them to move

EXERCISE 10.5: PULLING IT ALL TOGETHER

This exercise should be the culmination of all that students have learned thus far—both from the text and

Projects

PROJECT 10.1 COMPUTER SECURITY AND CYBER TERRORISM

Successful students will take security measures mentioned in this book and show how they might be

PROJECT 10.2 THE LAW AND CYBER TERRORISM

PROJECT 10.3 CYBER TERRORISM SCENARIO

The purpose of this exercise is to get students to consider what responses should be taken to a cyber

Case Study

This case study is designed to get students to think about the requirements of environments that need

more security than the average business. Students should come up with a wide range of security

precautions. Precautions such as