Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
Chapter 10: Command-Line Tools
Core Idea
The focus of this chapter is on the name and use of command-line utilities.
Instructor Focus
This chapter should all be about hands-on practice of command line utilities wherever possible.
The students should come through the chapter with an understanding of how these commands
Network Objectives covered in this Chapter/Lesson
x 5.2 Given a scenario, use the appropriate tool.
Terminology
Make an effort to define the following terms for the designated areas. After defining these,
calling on the students for repeat definitions as you progress through the slide deck will help
them retain the terminology.
Command-Line Utilities (for Windows and/or UNIX):
x arp command
x ipconfig command
x nbtstat command
x netstat command
Focus Questions
x What are some of the more useful Microsoft Windows commands for configuring and
troubleshooting network clients and servers?
x What are some of the more useful UNIX commands for configuring and troubleshooting
network clients and servers?
Icebreaker Discussion
Choose one or both of the following:
1. What is the benefit of using command-line utilities instead of GUI utilities for network
configuration?
This should be a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of both command-line interfaces
Icebreaker Activity
1. Use the command arp -a on your local machine; what information is given when you enter
this command?
This is a start to the practice that will be used throughout the main activities in this chapter.
The memorization of these commands and their information is necessary for the exam
Interface: 192.168.1.4 --- 0xb
Internet Address Physical Address Type
192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static
224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb static
239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static
Main Activities
1. Command-Line Practice
For this activity, you will demonstrate the command-line utilities that are part of the Network+
exam. If at all possible, allow the students to use these on their own so that they get a feel for
(1) ipconfig: This is used to display information on the current DHCP configuration. It can also be
used to release or renew a DHCP lease. The option /all will display summary information, as
shown in the following example. Analyze the summary information with your class.
C:\Users\X>ipconfig /all
Windows IP Configuration
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::f9e7:1a38:7708:9868%11(Preferred)
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.4(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : home
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::242a:1128:3f57:fefb%12(Preferred)
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ::
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled
Chapter 10: Network Simulator Activities
x Using ARP to discover a MAC Address
(2) netstat: This command displays connection information for IP-based networks. Using the
argument -a will display information on active connections. An output example of this is shown
here. Note the local and foreign address connections, in addition to the protocol information
and connection state.
Active Connections
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP 0.0.0.0:135 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:2869 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49152 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49154 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49157 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 127.0.0.1:5354 Astrik:49155 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:9422 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 127.0.0.1:27015 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 127.0.0.1:49155 Astrik:5354 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:53584 Astrik:53585 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:53586 Astrik:53587 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:55568 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 192.168.1.4:139 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP 192.168.1.4:52854 by2msg3020407:http ESTABLISHED
TCP 192.168.1.4:52919 securemail:https TIME_WAIT
TCP 192.168.1.4:52924 ec2-23-21-182-103:http TIME_WAIT
TCP 192.168.1.4:52926 securemail:https ESTABLISHED
TCP 192.168.1.4:53394 a23-66-231-48:http CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 192.168.1.4:64322 63.116.246.35:http CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 192.168.1.4:64916 lga15s28-in-f6:http CLOSE_WAIT
TCP [::]:135 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:445 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:2869 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:5357 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:49157 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP [::1]:55568 Astrik:0 LISTENING
TCP [::1]:55569 Astrik:0 LISTENING
UDP 0.0.0.0:3702 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:3702 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:4500 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:49154 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:57991 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:1900 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:49153 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:49159 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:51212 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:56012 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:58927 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:60463 *:*
UDP 192.168.1.4:138 *:*
UDP 192.168.1.4:5353 *:*
UDP 192.168.1.4:56011 *:*
UDP [::]:500 *:*
UDP [::]:3702 *:*
UDP [::]:3702 *:*
UDP [::]:3702 *:*
UDP [::]:3702 *:*
Using the argument -r will show the routing table, as shown in the following example:
C:\Users\X>netstat -r
===========================================================================
Interface List
1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface
===========================================================================
IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.4 25
127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
IPv6 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
If Metric Network Destination Gateway
12 58 2001::/32 On-link
12 306 2001:0:4137:9e76:242a:1128:3f57:fefb/128
11 281 fe80::f9e7:1a38:7708:9868/128
On-link
Persistent Routes:None
ping: This command tests a connection between the machine and a remote host. The target
name can be specified as an IP address or a domain name after the command line. An example
of this is shown here:
3) C:\Users\X>ping 192.168.1.1
Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=64
Chapter 10: Network Simulator Activities
x Using netstat to troubleshoot connectivity
x Using ping to troubleshoot connectivity
x Using extended ping (command switches) to troubleshoot connectivity
x Using ipconfig, ping, arp, and tracert together to troubleshoot connectivity
(3) nslookup: This is used to resolve FDQN domains to an address. It has an interactive mode
that is enabled when you do not add an FDQN as an argument. An example of the
noninteractive output is shown here:
(4)
(5) route: This command enables you to display the current routing table of the device. The
print argument will show the complete routing table results. An example of this is shown here:
C:\Users\X>route print
===========================================================================
Interface List
1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface
===========================================================================
IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.4 25
127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.4 281
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
IPv6 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
If Metric Network Destination Gateway
12 58 ::/0 On-link
1 306 ::1/128 On-link
Chapter 10: Network Simulator Activities
(6) tracert: This command pings every router hop from a source to a destination and reports the
[71.188.123
[130.81.
[130.81.
[130.8
1.17.6]
6 18 ms 19 ms 20 ms 0.so-0-0-0.XT1.NYC4.ALTER.NET [152.63.1.41]
[204.70.19
6.122]
11 104 ms 104 ms 98 ms hr1-tengig-13-0-0.waltham2bo2.savvis.net
.198.182]
12 98 ms 106 ms 95 ms das3-v3037.bo2.savvis.net [209.202.187.178]
13 98 ms 96 ms 100 ms blhosting.bridgelinesw.com [64.14.81.46]
14 98 ms 96 ms 97 ms 64.28.85.15
Trace complete.
Chapter 10: Network Simulator Activities
x Matching Command Output to Commands
Quiz Questions
You can ask the following questions either in class for a group discussion or for individual practice. If
you ask them for individual practice, review in class to make sure everyone properly understands
the content.
1. Which command-line utilities for networking are common to both Windows and UNIX machines?
2. What are the uses and potential problems of using the ping command?
The ping command is used to test connectivity between any two Layer 3 devices. This will give
3. Briefly explain the operation the tracert (or traceroute) command.
The tracert (or traceroute on UNIX) provides a step-by-step pathway between the device and
4. Consider that you have pinged your default gateway, and you get back a response. However,
you are unable to reach the Internet. How could you verify that the machine you pinged was in
fact, the default gateway, and not another machine on the network?
By using the “ARP –a” command immediately after the gateway ping, you can match the MAC
