15 Answers to Review Questions. “Digital Media Primer” Yue-Ling Wong
Chapter 6
When applicable, please choose all correct answers.
1. Which of the following is the television broadcast standard for the United States and Japan?
A. NTSC
B. PAL
C. SECAM
2. Which of the following is the television broadcast standard for most of the Asian countries?
3. Which of the following is the most common color model for video?
A. RGB
B. HSV
C. CIE XYZ
D. luminance-chrominance
4. In the YUV color model, the Y-component is _____ , the U-component is ______ , and the V-component is _____.
A. luminance; luminance; chrominance
5. The frame rate for the NTSC system is _____ fps.
A. 24
B. 25
C. 28.9
D. 29.97
E. 30
6. The frame rate for the PAL system is _____ fps.
A. 24
B. 25
D. 29.97
E. 30
7. The frame rate for motion-picture film is _____ fps.
A. 24
B. 25
D. 29.97
E. 30
8. Interlaced scan displays the frame by scanning the lines of a frame _____.
9. Progressive scan displays the frame by scanning the lines of a frame _____.
A. in one pass from top to bottom
16 Answers to Review Questions. “Digital Media Primer” Yue-Ling Wong
B. in two passes: even-numbered lines in one pass and odd-numbered lines in the second
10. The comb-like artifact in a digital video, as shown in Figure 6.18 , occurs in the _____ video.
A. interlaced
B. progressive
C. both A and B
11. True/False: There is no sampling and quantization involved in capturing motion in digital video.
12. _.
A. aspect ratio
13. True/False: The pixel per inch (ppi) is an important attribute for video resolution and should be set
correctly when working with digital video in video editing programs.
14. Pixel aspect ratio means _____.
dth (in pixels)
15. The pixel aspect ratio of a wide-screen-format, standard-definition video is _____.
A. 4:3
B. 16:9
C. 1.0
E. 1.2
16. The pixel aspect ratio of a standard-format, standard-definition video is _____.
A. 4:3
B. 16:9
D. 0.9
E. 1.2
17. The frame aspect ratio of a wide-screen-format, standard-definition video is _____.
A. 4:3
B. 16:9
C. 1.0
E. 1.2
18. The frame aspect ratio of a standard-format, standard-definition video is _____.
A. 4:3
B. 16:9
C. 1.0
D. 0.9
E. 1.2
19. The frame aspect ratio of a high-definition video is _____.
A. 4:3
B. 16:9
C. 1.0
E. 1.2
20. The frame aspect ratio of a 4K video is _____.
A. 4:3
B. 16:9
D. 0.9
E. 1.2
21. If a frame with a pixel aspect ratio of 1.2 is displayed on a device using a pixel aspect ratio of 1.0, the
image will be _____.
A. stretched horizontally
B. stretched vertically
C. cropped at the left and right edges
D. cropped at the top and bottom
E. displayed correctly
22. True/False: The timecode representing the 35th frame is either 00:00:00:35 or 00;00;00;35.
23. True/False: The drop-frame timecode drops or discards frames to preserve the time accuracy of a video.
24. Which of the following is the drop-frame timecode format?
A. 00:00:00:00
B. 00;00;00;00
C. 00,00,00,00
D. 00.00.00.00
25. Which timecode format is preferable for the NTSC system?
26. Chroma subsampling reduces the storage of pixel information by assigning fewer bits to store the _____
components.
A. RGB
B. luminance
C. chrominance
27. The format of chroma subsampling is designated with three numbers separated by colons (for example,
4:2:2) to represent ______.
A. the ratio of red:green:blue
18 Answers to Review Questions. “Digital Media Primer” Yue-Ling Wong
B. the ratio of the luminance to the two chrominance components
C. the ratio of the number of three different types of pixels
D. hours:minutes:seconds
E. the ratio of the number of three different types of frames in a GOP
29. True/False: The frame aspect ratio of all six HDTV formats is 16:9.
30. HDTV is in _____ format.
A. MPEG-1
B. MPEG-2
31. The frame size for NTSC standard-definition DV is _____ pixels, and _____ pixels for the PAL system.
A. 720 480; 720 480
32. The numbers 720 and 1080 in the high-definition video picture format notations such as 720/30p and
1080/60i designate the _____.
A. data rate of the video
B. width (in pixels) of the frame size
C. height (in pixels) of the frame size
D. ppi of the video
E. none of the above; they are model numbers of different companies
33. -definition video picture format notations such as 720/30p and
1080/60i stand for _____ and _____ , respectively.
34. The term “4K” for the 4K video refers to _____.
A. the pixel width of a frame being about 4000
B. the pixel height of a frame being about 4000
C. the total pixels in a frame being about 4000
D. its data rate being about 4000 Mbps
E. the 4th generation standard
35. How does the frame size of 4K video compare to that of 1080i/p?
36. True/False: A very long video, even with low data rate, can have a large file size.
37. Suppose you are on broadband connection with a speed of 6 Mbps. For a 1-minute video file with a file
38. Suppose you are on broadband connection with a speed of 6 Mbps. For a 5-second video file with a file
size of 20 MB, its playback through pseudostreaming on the Web very likely will be _____.
39. Suppose your target audience uses a broadband connection with a speed of 6 Mbps. What is the maximum
file size for your 30-second video to have a smooth playback using pseudostreaming on the Web? Show your
calculations.
40. Which of the following provides a measure for predicting the smoothness of video playback? If the value
of that property is too high for the playback device to handle, the playback of the video will be choppy.
A. file size
B. frame size
C. frame rate
D. frame aspect ratio
E. pixel aspect ratio
F. data rate
41. Name several strategies to reduce the file size of a video.
42. What does the term codec stand for?
43. _____ compression refers to the type of compression method that aims at compacting individual frames.
A. Asymmetric
44. _____ compression refers to the type of compression method that exploits the similarity of the subsequent
frame content.
A. Asymmetric
B. Lossless
C. Lossy
D. Spatial
E. Temporal
45. _____ compression refers to the type of compression method that preserves the original data.
A. Asymmetric
46. _____ compression refers to the type of compression method that discards or alters some of the original
data.
A. Asymmetric
B. Lossless
C. Lossy
D. Spatial
E. Temporal
47. _____ compression refers to the type of compression method in which the amount of time and the
complexity required to compress and decompress are significantly different.
20 Answers to Review Questions. “Digital Media Primer” Yue-Ling Wong
D. Spatial
E. Temporal
48. Which of the following compression methods achieves higher compression for videos without much
motion difference, such as for talking heads?
A. spatial compression
B. temporal compression
C. lossless compression
D. asymmetric compression
49. Which of the following types of video can be compressed the most with temporal compression?
50. Which of the following compression methods works best with large areas of solid color, such as in a
cartoon animation?
A. QuickTime Animation
B. MPEG-1
C. MPEG-2
51. True/False: The MP3 audio is a MPEG-3.
52. Which of the following support the DVD-video, high-definition video, and HDTV standards?
53. Which of the following also targets mobile applications, such as cell phones?
A. MPEG-1
B. MPEG-2
C. MPEG-3
D. MPEG-4
54. H.264 is a video compression standard based on the _____ standard.
A. MPEG-1
B. MPEG-2
C. MPEG-3
D. MPEG-4
55. True/False: A typical MPEG-2 consists of a repeating GOP structure.
56. Motion compensation is a key technique in _____ compression.
A. asymmetric
B. lossless
C. lossy
D. spatial
E. temporal
57. The _____ is encoded using only the information within that frame.
58. The _____ is encoded using only the previous I- or P-frame as the reference frame.
21 Answers to Review Questions. “Digital Media Primer” Yue-Ling Wong
59. The _____ is encoded using the previous and subsequent I– and/or P-frames as the reference frames.
A. B-frame
B. I-frame
C. P-frame
60. The _____ is the least compressed.
A. B-frame
B. I-frame
C. P-frame
D. none of the above; all are compressed at the same level
61. The M parameter of the GOP refers to _____.
A. the number of B-frames in a GOP
62. The N parameter of the GOP refers to _____.
A. the number of B-frames in a GOP
B. the number of I-frames in a GOP
C. the number of P-frames in a GOP
D. the total number of frames in a GOP
E. one plus the number of frames between the non-B -frames
63. True/False: There is only one I-frame in a GOP structure.
64. True/False: There is only one I-frame in an MPEG video.
65. Explain why, in general, the longer GOP structure allows more file size compression.
66. True/False: Progressive download requires a streaming server.
67. True/False: True streaming requires a streaming server.
68. True/False: Progressive download and pseudostreaming allow the video to start playing as soon as
enough of the video data has arrived.
69. True/False: For playback, for
70. True/False: after playback, for
example, in the Web b
71. without having to wait
Which of the following modes of video playback match(es) this description?
22 Answers to Review Questions. “Digital Media Primer” Yue-Ling Wong
C. none of the above