Students’ answers will vary. Some of them may say that it isn’t a legitimate argument from
an ethical standpoint. When a firm is a success, all employees have has a contribution in it,
9. Do you agree that it is important for leaders to do the right thing even if no one will ever
know about it? Why or why not?
10. A consultant argued that the emphasis on corporate governance and social responsibility has
distracted leaders from key business issues such as serving customers and beating competitors.
Do you agree? Should leaders put business issues first or ethical issues first?
Students’ answers will vary. Companies that have not put ethical issues first have ended up
Teaching Tools and Exercises
1. Leader’s Bookshelf: Courage Goes to Work: How to Build Backbones, Boost
Performance, and Get Results by Bill Treasurer
Bill Treasurer, the author of Courage Goes to Work, grew up in a household where lessons
about courage were treated as importantly as lessons about history or arithmetic. The
Three Types of Courage
“Courage is, most often, a behavioral response to a challenge,” writes Treasurer. To tap
into and strengthen one’s own courage and the courage of followers, leaders can
understand three types of courage that are important in the workplace.
• Try Courage—this is the courage to take initiative, to “step up to the plate” rather
than playing it safe. To help followers practice try courage skills, leaders help people
build on their strengths, provide challenging assignments that require people to
Modeling Courage
“When your behaviors are directed by courageous impulses, you are operating out of your
best and bravest self,” writes Treasurer. To help others find and develop their courage
means leaders must first find and develop their own.
2. Small Group Discussion: Sayings of Confucius
Master Kong (Confucius) 551-479 BC has had profound influence on Chinese ethical and
political thought. He is not depicted as striving to analyze ethical terms in the manner of
Western moral philosophy. Instead his primary purpose is to assist the individual in the
• What does it mean to be steadfast in the pursuit of the good Way?
• Do you see parallels between Confucian thought and the stages of moral
development? Explain.
5. Leadership At Work: Scary Person
Think of a person in your life right now who is something of a scary person for you. Scary
people are those you don’t really know but who are scary to you because you anticipate
that you won’t like them, perhaps because you don’t like the way they act or look from a
distance, and hence you avoid building relationships with them.
For this exercise, your assignment is to reach out to one or more scary persons in your life.
In class: The instructor can give this assignment to be done prior to a specific class. During
class it is a good exercise for students to discuss their scary person experiences among
themselves in small groups. The instructor can ask students to report to their groups about
the scary person, revealing as many details as they are comfortable with, explaining how
Leadership Development: Cases for Analysis
I. “What Should I Say?”
Synopsis
The sudden heart attack of his predecessor, Bill Andrews, propelled Russell Hart into a
temporary top management assignment for Kresk International in the company’s new Middle
East Division in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Kresk management had targeted Saudi as a must have
division and was enthusiastic about the expansion.
Case questions and answers
1. What do you think Russell Hart should include in his report about Youssef Said? Why?
What would you do in his position?
2. What amount or kind of courage will be required for Hart to disclose everything honestly?
How would you advise Hart to acquire that courage?
It will require extreme courage for Hart to reveal the misdeeds of Youssef Said who has
been the apple of the Board’s eye. Courage means pushing beyond the comfort zone. To
3. At which stage of Kohlberg’s moral development scale would you place Youssef Said,
Russell Hart, and Bill Andrews? Why?
Students’ answer will vary. Some of them may say that Youssef Said is at the
preconventional level where individuals are egocentric and concerned with receiving
external rewards and avoiding punishments. He obeys authority and follows rules to avoid
II. The Boy, the Girl, the Ferryboat Captain, and the Hermits
Synopsis
Case questions and answers
1. List in order the characters in this story that you like, from most to least. What values
governed your choices?
Students’ answers will vary. Some of them may list the characters in the following manner:
• The second hermit because he put the welfare of others before his own.
2. Rate the characters on their level of moral development. Explain.
Students’ answers may vary. Some of them may rate the characters on their level of moral
development in the following manner:
• The second hermit is at level 3 because he followed internalized universal principles
of right and wrong.
3. Evaluate each character’s level of courage. Discuss.
Students’ answers will vary. Some of them may evaluate each character’s level of courage
in the following manner:
• The second hermit shows the most courage because he accepts responsibility and
gets the money for the girl.
Digital Homework Grid
Case Assessment Questions
Topic
Category
Which of the following is an
example of a leader who is
most ethical?
a. Carlos occasionally
breeches agreements when it
helps him cut costs or
Leadership Challenge #6
Perform
Identify the organization in
which leaders will face more
dilemmas with respect to
ethical behavior.
a. Agro Culture Pvt. Ltd.
pushes its employees to
Leadership Challenge #4
Perform
The managers at AgroCare
Inc. want to create closed-door
policies for a fertilizer that has
been recently introduced to the
local market. Scientific studies
have discovered that this
fertilizer can potentially cause
groundwater contamination.
AgroCare has offered
financial incentives to the
local vendors and farmer’s
markets in order to ensure the
sale of the fertilizer before
these results are revealed to
the public. In this way, the
managers are making sure that
AgroCare meets its annual
profit margin. Given this
scenario, we can say that
AgroCare is encouraging
_____.
a. participative management
Leadership Challenge #2
Perform
Homework Questions
Topic
Category
An unethical leader:
a. breaches agreements.
b. encourages others.
Leadership
Challenge #1
Engage
Which of the following is a
behavioral trait of ethical leaders?
a. Practicing deception
b. Breaching agreements
Leadership
Challenge #1
Engage
Which of the following is a
behavioral trait of unethical leaders?
a. Practices deception
b. Maintains concern for the greater
good
c. Possesses humility
d. Encourages and develops others
Leadership
Challenge #1
Engage
Which of the following challenges
the ability of leaders to do the right
thing?
Leadership
Challenge #2
Connect
Which of the following challenges
the ability of leaders to do the right
thing?
a. The pressure to believe in a higher
purpose
b. The pressure to say what they
want in meetings
c. The pressure to strive for fairness
d. The pressure to meet the demands
of vendors
Leadership
Challenge #2
Connect
Sandra is a quality analyst at
Highend Inc. She follows her team
leader’s instructions and obeys the
rules of her organization in order to
avoid disciplinary action against her.
She is self-centered and her actions
are motivated by the need to satisfy
her immediate interests. In the given
scenario, Sandra is at the _____ of
personal moral development.
a. postconventional level
b. preconventional level
Leadership
Challenge #3
Lead
Given below are the levels of
personal moral development and
their characteristics. Drag and drop
the characteristics into the
respective levels.
Answer Options: Pre-conventional
level/The level of personal moral
development in which people learn
to conform to the expectations of
good behavior as defined by
LEVELS OF
PERSONAL
DEVELOPME
NT
CHARACTE
RISTICS
Leadership
Challenge #3
Connect
You have studied about the levels
of personal moral development.
Given below are the names of the
levels and some scenarios that
Leadership
Challenge #3
Perform
match the levels. Drag and drop the
scenarios into the respective levels.
LEVELS OF
PERSONAL
DEVELOPM
ENT
SCENARIOS
Who among the following is at the
conventional level of personal moral
development?
a. Carlos follows rules and lives up
to the expectations of others.
b. Tracy is guided by an internalized
Leadership
Challenge #3
Perform
Barbara works at GiftsGalore Inc. as
a senior manager. When she deals
with her subordinates, she
understands and guides them using
Leadership
Challenge #3
Perform
her morals to differentiate between
right and wrong. Which of the
following levels of personal moral
development has Barbara has
reached?
a. Preconventional level
Which of the following is an action
of a moral leader?
a. Articulating and upholding low
moral principles
Leadership
Challenge #4
Connect
Which of the following statements is
true of moral leadership?
a. It does not require acknowledging
the importance of human meaning.
b. It does not mean ignoring share
price and production costs.
c. It does not require recognizing
and adhering to ethical values.
d. It does not mean striving for
fairness.
Leadership
Challenge #4
Connect
Which of the following statements is
true of servant leadership?
a. It emphasizes tight top-down
b. It inspires trust by being
trustworthy.
c. It adopts a partnership mindset.
d. It focuses on obedient
subordinates.
Leadership
Challenge #5
Connect
Which of the following statements is
true of stewardship?
a. It is leadership upside down.
b. It nourishes others and helps them
become whole.
c. It ties rewards to contributions
rather than formal positions.
d. It puts service before self-interest.
Leadership
Challenge #5
Connect
At Qwerty Corp., employees are
encouraged to manage their
workload. The company rewards
employees on the basis of their
contributions rather than their formal
positions. Which of the following
types of management does Qwerty
Corp. follow?
Leadership
Challenge #5
Lead
_____ transcend self-interest to serve
the needs of others, help others grow
and develop, and provide
opportunity for others to gain
materially and emotionally.
a. Traditional managers
b. Authoritarian managers
c. Servant leaders
d. Stewards
Leadership
Challenge #5
Engage
You are studying the various types
of leadership management.
Illustrated in the table below is a list
of the various types of leadership
and different scenarios. Match each
type of leadership with the
appropriate scenario.
Types of
leadership
management
Scenarios
Authoritarian
management
Timothy is a
project manager at
Tryst Corp. In this
organization,
leaders and the
higher
Leadership
Challenge#5
Lead
Participative
management
Roger works for
Armstrong Corp.
as a research
analyst. The
leaders and the
followers in his
organization are
jointly responsible
for defining vision
and purpose, and
mutually
benefit the whole.
Stewardship
Abigail works for
Yoda Corp. In her
organization,
subordinates are
given no voice in
creating meaning
and purpose for
their work and no
discretion as to
how they perform
their jobs.
Servant
leadership
Linda works in an
organization that
has a paternalistic
outlook. In this
organization, the
leaders determine
decide rewards.
Which of the following statements is
true of the leadership continuum?
a. Servant leadership represents a
stage below stewardship.
b. In the third stage, employers tie
rewards to contributions rather than
formal positions.
Leadership
Challenge#5
Connect