Management Chapter 11 Homework Transformational Leadership Goes Beyond The Traditional Ideas

1. The charismatic leader has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than

they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice. The impact of

2. Charismatic leaders are often skilled in the art of visionary leadership.

3. Charisma can also be used for self-serving purposes that lead to deception,

B. Transformational versus Transactional Leaders

1. Transformational leaders are distinguished by their special ability to bring about

innovation and change. They recognize followers’ needs and concerns, help them

look at old problems in new ways, and encourage them to question the status quo.

a. Transformational leaders create significant change in both followers and the

organization.

b. They have the ability to lead changes in the organization’s mission, structure, and

Spotlight on Skills: Are You a Charismatic Leader?

Charismatic leaders are personally involved in shaping ideas, goals, and direction of change.

2. Transactional leaders clarify subordinates’ role and task requirements, initiate

structure, provide appropriate rewards, and try to meet the social needs of

subordinates.

a. Transactional leaders excel at management functions, are hardworking, tolerant,

and fair-minded.

b. They stress the impersonal aspects of performance, such as plans, schedules, and

budgets.

c. They have a sense of commitment to the organization and conform to

organizational norms.

Discussion Question #7: What is transformational leadership? Give examples of

VIII. FOLLOWERSHIP

INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES___________________________________________________________

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Exhibit 11.10: Styles of Followership

Many of the qualities that define a good leader are the same qualities as those possessed by a

good follower. One model of followership involves five follower styles, categorized according

to two dimensions.

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A. The first dimension is the quality of independent, critical thinking versus dependent,

uncritical thinking. Independent critical thinkers are mindful of the effects of their own

B. The second dimension is active versus passive behavior. An active follower participates

C. The combinations of critical thinker/uncritical thinker and active/passive behavior result

in five types of followers.

1. The alienated follower is a passive but independent, critical thinker. Alienated

2. The conformist participates actively in a relationship with the boss but doesn’t use

3. The pragmatic survivor has qualities of all four extremes – depending on which

4. The passive follower exhibits neither critical, independent thinking nor active

5. The effective follower is both a critical, independent thinker and active in the

IX. POWER AND INFLUENCE

INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES___________________________________________________________

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One way to understand how leaders get things done is to look at the sources of leader power and

A. Position Power

1. The traditional manager’s power comes from the organization. The manager’s

position gives him or her power to reward or punish subordinates to influence

behavior. Examples of position power include:

Discussion Question #5: Suggest the sources of power that would be available to a leader of a

student government organization. What sources of power may not be available? To be effective,

should student leaders keep power to themselves or delegate power to other students?

B. Personal Power

1. Personal power often comes from internal sources, such as a person’s special

knowledge or personality. Examples of personal power include:

a. Expert power results from a leader’s special knowledge or skill regarding the

tasks performed by followers.

Business Blooper: Spiderman: Turn Off the Dark

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Broadway musical Spiderman: Turn Off the Dark has become a superlative in ways the

producers probably never intended. It has the biggest budget of any show, ever, on Broadway, at

$75 million – almost three times the budget of the next most expensive show. At the same time,

C. Other Sources of Power

1. Personal effort. People who show initiative, work beyond what is expected of them,

2. Network of Relationships. People who are enmeshed in a network of relationships

have greater power. Developing positive associations with superiors or other

D. Interpersonal Influence Tactics

Exhibit 11.11: Seven Interpersonal Influence Tactics for Leaders

1. Leaders often use a combination of influence strategies, and people who are

perceived as having greater power and influence typically are those who use a wider

variety of tactics.

2. There are seven principles for asserting influence.

a. Use rational persuasion. Use facts, data, and logical argument to persuade others.

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c. Rely on the rule of reciprocity. Take advantage of the exchange of benefits and

favors.

3. Research indicates that people rate leaders as “more effective” when they are

Answers to Discussion Questions

1. Do you think leadership style is fixed and unchangeable for a leader or flexible and

adaptable? Discuss.

The issue of whether leadership style is fixed or flexible has been a fundamental debate in the

literature. Trait theories assume that leadership style is fixed—people with the correct traits will

2. Suggest some personal traits that you believe would be useful to a business leader today.

Are these traits more valuable in some situations than in others? How do you think traits

differ from strengths?

Students may mention good communication, human relations skills, or other traits as being

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3. In a study asking what people wanted from leaders versus followers, people ranked maturity

number 8 for followers, but number 15 for leaders. What might account for people wanting a

higher maturity level from followers?

We don’t know what other characteristics were included in the study, so it may be that people

didn’t necessarily value maturity less in leaders than in followers; rather, they may simply have

4. If a male manager changes his behaviors to incorporate elements of interactive leadership

more common to female managers, can he still be an “authentic” leader? Discuss.

Authentic leadership refers to individuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse

5. Suggest the sources of power that would be available to a leader of a student government

organization. What sources of power may not be available? To be effective, should student

leaders keep power to themselves or delegate power to other students?

Legitimate power would be one source because the student government position would have

certain authority granted to it. Indeed, legitimate power would probably be the primary source of

6. What skills and abilities does a manager need to lead effectively in a virtual environment?

Do you believe a leader with a consideration style or an initiating-structure style would be

more successful as a virtual leader? Explain your answer.

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The point of this question is that no one style is preferable to another. Consideration is the extent

to which the leader respects subordinates’ ideas and feelings, provides open communication,

7. What is transformational leadership? Give examples of organizational situations that would

call for transformational, transactional, or charismatic leadership.

Transformational leadership goes beyond the traditional ideas for influencing people.

Transformational leaders can motivate people beyond what is normally expected. They motivate

8. How does Level 5 leadership differ from the concept of servant leadership? Do you believe

anyone has the potential to become a Level 5 leader? Discuss.

A Level 5 leader is one that builds an organization with many strong leaders who can step

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9. Why do you think so little attention is given to followership compared to leadership in

organizations? Discuss how the role of an effective follower is similar to the role of a leader.

Students’ opinions about why little attention is given to followership will vary. One reason

10. Do you think leadership is more or less important in today’s flatter, team-based

organizations? Are some leadership styles better suited to such organizations as opposed to

traditional hierarchical organizations? Explain.

11. Consider the leadership position of a senior partner in a law firm. What task, subordinate,

and organizational factors might serve as substitutes for leadership in this situation?

Macro variables such as formalization, inflexibility, and physical separation probably would not

be typical of a law firm. Moreover, task characteristics typically are not highly structured.

12. Do you see yourself as having more leader qualities or manager qualities? Do you think you

will become a better leader or manager by developing the characteristics you already have

or by trying to develop the characteristics you don’t have? Discuss.

Students will obviously see themselves differently, depending on what they believe are their

TEACHING NOTES FOR LEARNING EXERCISES

Self Learning: Leadership Aptitude Questionnaire

This questionnaire helps students realize their respective strengths on three abilities needed to be

a good leader – conceptual skills, technical skills, and human skills.

Group Learning: Assumptions about Leaders

Students individually complete a series of sentences indicative of their assumptions about

leadership and then discuss their results in groups of four to six students.

Action Learning: Which Leadership Styles Are More Effective?

Students are asked to think about a situation in which a formal or informational leader was

TEACHING NOTE FOR ETHICAL DILEMMA

Too Much of a Good Thing?

1. Tell Carolyn Clark that employee volunteerism is important to the company and that while

her performance evaluation will not be affected by her decision, she should consider helping

Harris because it is an opportunity to help a worthy community project.

2. Tell Darius Harris that the employee volunteer program is just that: a volunteer program.

Even though the company sees volunteerism as an important piece of its campaign to repair

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its tarnished image, employees must be free to choose whether to volunteer. He should not

ask for the help of his direct reports with the after-school program.

3. Discipline Darius Harris for coercing his subordinates to spend their own time on his

volunteer work at the community after-school program. This action will send a signal that

coercing employees is a clear violation of leadership authority.

CASE FOR CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Mountain West Health Plans Inc.

1. How would you describe Evelyn Gustafson’s leadership style? What were its strengths and

weaknesses? What were the sources of her influence?

Evelyn Gustafson’s leadership style can be described as people oriented, consideration, or

2. How would you describe Erik Rasmussen’s leadership style as he tried to effect change?

What are its strengths and weaknesses? What are the sources of his influence?

Erik Rasmussen’s leadership style can be described as task oriented, initiating structure, or

3. If you were Martin Quinn, would you recommend modifications in Erik Rasmussen’s

leadership style that you would like him to adopt? Do you think it will be possible for

Rasmussen to make the necessary changes? If not, why not? If you do think change is

possible, how would you recommend the desired changes be facilitated?

Students will disagree, but it would probably benefit the situation and the company if Rasmussen

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ON THE JOB VIDEO CASE

Camp Bow Wow: Leadership

1. Does Camp Bow Wow CEO Heidi Ganahl possess qualities associated with contemporary

leadership?

Heidi Ganahl possesses many qualities associated with contemporary leadership, including

humility, lack of ego, a focus on organizational growth, and a desire to help others achieve

2. In what way is Heidi Ganahl’s leadership charismatic and visionary? Give examples.

Heidi Ganahl is driven by her passion for dogs, and she has a clear, well-articulated vision of

what she wants Camp Bow Wow to become in the future. These qualities are inspirational to the

3. Where does Heidi Ganahl’s leadership fall on the Leadership Grid discussed in the chapter?

Explain.

BIZFLIX VIDEO CASE

Doomsday

Video Case Synopsis

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The Reaper Virus strikes Glasgow, Scotland, on April 3, 2008. It spreads and devastates the

population throughout Scotland. Authorities seal off the borders, not allowing anyone to enter or

leave the country. No aircraft flyovers are permitted. Social decay spreads, and cannibalistic

Video Case Discussion Questions and Suggested Answers

1. Assess the behavior of both Major Sinclair and Michael Canaris. Which leadership traits

discussed earlier and shown in Exhibit 14.3 does their behavior show?

Major Sinclair’s leadership traits include self-confidence and tenacity as judged from her

2. Apply the behavioral approaches to leadership discussed earlier in this chapter. Which parts

of them apply to Sinclair and Canaris’ behavior? Draw specific examples from the film

sequence.

Sinclair and Canaris show remarkably similar leadership behaviors described by the

3. Does this film sequence show any aspects of charismatic and transformational leadership?

Draw some examples from the sequence.

Canaris does not show any behaviors that characterize charismatic and transformational