!ﻟﻮﺣﺪ& ‘ﻗﻢ *+
!ﻟﺪ‘, !ﻷ.
ّ
0
ﺗﻤﺮ$ﻦ &ﻗﻢ ): ﻛ
َ
ﻤﺎ
The conjunction ﻛ
َ
ﻤﺎ can be translated as “as well, and also”, as in the following sentence:
Use any of the following verbs to write five sentences containing the conjunction ﻛ
َ
ﻤﺎ .
ﺣﻠ
ِ
ﻢ–$ﺤﻠ
ُ
ﻢ2 ﺻ
َ
ﺤﺎ–$ﺼﺤﻮ2 ﻛﺮ6–$ﻜﺮ62 ﻛﻔﻰ–$ﻜﻔﻲ2 ;ﻧﺘ>ﻰ–$ﻨﺘ>ﻲ2 @Aﻋﺞ–$
ُ
ﺰﻋ
ِ
ﺞ2 ﺗﻜﻠ
ّ
ﻢ–$ﺘﻜﻠ
ّ
ﻢ2 ﺟﺎGH–$
ُ
ﺠﺎG
ِ
H
ﺗﻤﺮ$ﻦ &ﻗ ﻢ J: ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ
You learned that when the particle ﻗﺪ is followed by a verb in the perfect, then it simply
affirms that the action of the verb has taken place. It is generally untranslatable into
of the English past perfect (had+past participle). In such cases it is often accompanied by
ﻛﺎM (or one of its forms). In ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻠ
ّ
ﻤﺖ ;ﻟﻌﺎﻣ
ّ
Q
ّ
ﺔ G;ﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ Gﺻﻮﻟﻲ Uﻟﻰ ;ﻷ&WM , Emily had
learned ﻋﺎﻣ
ّ
Q
ّ
ﺔ and ﻓﺼﺤﻰ before her arrival in Jordan and in ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ W&ﺳﺖ @M
ّ
@ﻛﺜﺮ ;ﻟﻌﺮH ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻮM
G@M
ّ
\ﻨﺎ] @ﻗﻠ
ّ
Q
ّ
ﺎ^ ﻣﺴQﺤQ
ّ
ﺔ, the implication is that she had studied that most Arabs are Muslim
and there are Christian minorities before she traveled to the Middle East.
Now write five sentences using ﻗﺪ as used in these two sentences. Follow the example.
A;&/;ﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ;ﻷﻣﺮ$ﻜQ
ّ
ﺔ/ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ;ﻟﻘﺎ\ﺮb
ﺗﻌﻠ
ّ
ﻤﺖ ;ﻟﻜﺜQﺮ2 ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺴ
ّ
ﻨﺖ ﻟﻐﺘﻲ ;ﻟﻌﺮﺑQ
ّ
ﺔ ﻛﺜQﺮ;
ً
. I learned a great deal, and (also) my
Arabic language improved a lot, or
I learned a great deal and my Arabic
language greatly improved as well.
2
;ﺷﺘﺮg/ﺷﻨﻄﺔ ﺟﺪ $ ﺪ b /ﻛﻤ ﺒ Qﻮﺗﺮ
ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ/ﺟﻮ ; A ﺳﻔﺮ/ﺗﺄﺷQﺮb
W&j/;ﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴQ
ّ
ﺔ/;ﻟﺮGﺳQ
ّ
ﺔ
ﻟﻌﺐ/ﻛﺮb ;ﻟﻘﺪl/ﻛﺮb ;ﻟﺴﻠ
ّ
ﺔ
!ﻟﺪ‘, !ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
ﺗﻤﺮ$ﻦ &ﻗﻢ ): @G
ّ
_ ﻟQﻠﺔ ﻧﻤﺘ>ﺎ
). ﺗﻔﺎﺟﺄ^ ﻛﺜQﺮ;
ً
ﻓﻲ @G
ّ
_ ﻟQﻠﺔ ﻧﻤﺘ>ﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤ
ّ
ﺎM.
Resumptive pronoun: \ﺎ in ﻧﻤﺘ>ﺎ
Translation: I was very surprised the first night I slept in Amman.
J.
@G
_
ّ
W
Gﻟﺔ
A&
ﺗ
ُ
>ﺎ
ﻛﺎ
ﻧﺖ
;ﻹﻣ
ﺎ&;^
;ﻟ
ﻌﺮﺑ
Q
ّ
ﺔ
;ﻟﻤ
ﺘﺤﺪ
b.
n. \ﺬ ; \ﻮ ;ﻟﺒﺎp ;ﻟﺬq &ﻛ ﺒ ﺘ r Uﻣﻠﻲ.
٤. ;ﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ ;ﻟﺬ$ﻦ @ﻛﻠ ﻨﺎ ﻓQr ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻄﻌ ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ;ﻟQﻤQﻦ.
٥. ;ﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ ;ﻟﺘﻲ ;ﺷﺘﺮ$ﺘ>ﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤ
ّ
ﺎM ;ﻟﻐﺮﺑQ
ّ
ﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﺎﻟQﺔ ﺟﺪ
ّ
;
ً
.
ﻧﺎ
j/
W
ﺧ
ّ
ﻦ
;ﻟ
ﻤﺸ
ﻜ
ﻠﺔ
\
ﻲ
@
M
ّ
;ﻟ
ﻜ
ﺜQ
ﺮ
ﻣ
ﻦ
;ﻟ
ﻨ
ﺎj
ﻓﻲ
;
ﻷ
&W
M
$
ﺪﺧ
ّ
ﻨ
ﻮ
M.
ﺷﻘ
ّ
ﺔ/ﻏﺎﻟﻲ2 zﻼ
ّ
H/ﻧﺎl2 ﺑQﺖ/ﺑﻌQﺪ2 ﻻﻋﺐ/ )ﻻ( ﺗﻤﺮ
ّ
M)train, exercise(2 ﻣﻮ|
ّ
ﻒ/ﺗﺄﺧ
ّ
ﺮ)be late(2 W&;ﺳﺔ /ﺻﻌ ﺐ 2
ﻋﺎ ﺋ ﻠ ﺔ/ﻛﺒ Qﺮ
ﺗﻤﺮ$ﻦ &ﻗ ﻢ n: @&ﺧﺺ ﻣﻦ @ﻣﺮ$ﻜﺎ ﺑﻜﺜ Qﺮ!
The sentence @&ﺧﺺ ﻣﻦ @ﻣﺮ$ﻜﺎ ﺑﻜﺜ Qﺮ can be translated as “much less than America”. ﺑﻜﺜ Qﺮ ,
which translates as “by a lot”, is generally found at the end of the phrase.
Form sentences using the adverb ﺑﻜﺜ Qﺮ and the comparative form of the adjectives below.
Follow the example.
ﻣ
ِ
ﺜﺎ
_: ﺷﻘ
ّ
ﺔ/ﻛﺒQﺮ
ﺷﻘﺔ @ﺣﻤﺪ @ﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻘ
ّ
ﺘﻲ ﺑﻜﺜQﺮ.
ﺑQﺖ/ﺑﻌQﺪ2 zﻘﺲ/ﺑﺎ&W2 ﻗﻤQﺺ/ﻏﺎﻟﻲ2 @ﻛﻞ/&ﺧQﺺ2 ﺳQ
ّ
ﺎ&b/ﺳﺮ$ﻊ
).
ﻟﻌ
ﺒﺖ
ُ
ﻣﻊ
ﻓﺪG
g2 G
ﻛﺎﻧ
ﺖ &
;ﻧQ
ﺔ ﺗﺘ
ﻔﺮ
ّ
Ç.
J.
ﻛ
ُ
ﻨﺖ @
ﺗﻜﻠ
ّ
ﻢ
;ﻟﻌﺮ
ﺑQ
ّ
ﺔ.
n. zﺒﻌﺎ
ً
ﻛﺎM ;ﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ $ﻤﺰÑ.
٤.
ﻛ
ﺎ
ﻧﻮ
;
$
ﺴﺘ
ﻐ
ﺮﺑ
ﻮM
ﻋﻨ
ﺪﻣ
ﺎ
ﻗ
ُ
ﻠ
ﺖ
ﻟ
>
ﻢ
;ﻧ
ّ
ﻨﻲ
ﻟ
ﺴ
ﺖ
ﻣﺘ
ﺪ
$
ّ
ﻨ
ﺔ.
٥.
ﻛ
ﺎ
ﻧﺖ
;
ﻟ
ﺤﻜ
ﻮ
ﻣﺔ
;
ﻷ
ﻣﺮ
$ﻜ
Q
ّ
ﺔ
ﺗ
ﺪ
ﻋﻢ
;ﻟ
ﺤﻜ
ﻮ
ﻣﺎ
^
;
ﻟﻌ
ﺮﺑ
Q
ّ
ﺔ
;ﻟ
ﺪﻛ
ﺘ
ﺎﺗ
ﻮ&
$
ّ
ﺔ
.
á. ﻛﻨﺖ @ﻣﺸﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎ&à ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮ ; &à Wﻣﺸﻖ ;ﻟﺮﺋQﺴQ
ّ
ﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣ ﺎ Gﻗ ﻔﺖ ﺳQ
ّ
ﺎ&b ﻋﻨ ﺪ ;ﻹﺷﺎ&b ;ﻟﻀﻮﺋQ
ّ
ﺔ.
ﺗﻤﺮ$ﻦ &ﻗﻢ J: @M
ّ
2 @M
ْ
With reference to the exercise on @M
ّ and @M of Unit 20, L. 3, first translate the following
two sentences and then create two sentences each using @M
ّ and @M
ْ.
J. @&$ﺪ @M @AG& ﻟQﺒQﺎ Gﺗﻮﻧﺲ G; ﻟﺠﺰ; ﺋﺮ G; ﻟﻤﻐﺮH.
;ﻟﺪ&j ;ﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ
;ﺧﺘ ﺒﺮ ﻣﻌ ﻠ ﻮﻣ ﺎ ﺗﻚ
). ;$ﺶ ﻋﻜﺲ؟
@ﻗﺎ&H2 $ﺴﺘﻄQﻊ2 $ﺘﻔﺎﺟﺄ2 ﺳQﺎﺳﺔ2 ﻣﺘﺪ$
ّ
ﻦ2 ﻣﺸﺎ&$ﻊ2 $ﻮ;ﺟr2 )ﻟﻢ( @ﺟﺪ6
n. ;$ﺶ ;ﻟﺠﻤﻊ؟
5
٥. ﺳﺆ ; _ ﻧ>ﺎ ﺋﻲ
ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ Uﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ^ ﻟﻸ&WM ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻔﻜ
ّ
ﺮ ;ﻧ
ّ
r ;ﻷﻛﻞ ;ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻲ @ﺣﺴﻦ @ﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ;ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ;ﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺮÜ @ﻛﻼ^ ﻣﺜﻞ ;ﻟﻜﺒ
ّ
ﺔ
G;ﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎ ﻏﻨﻮÇ G;ﻟﺘﺒﻮﻟﺔ. \ﺬ6 zﺒﻌﺎ
ً
@ﻛﻼ^ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻧQ
ّ
ﺔ ﻣﺸ>ﻮ&b Gﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮb ﻛﺜQﺮ ﻓﻲ @ﻣﺮ$ﻜﺎ. ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ @ﻛﻠﺖ ;ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻒ ﻓﻲ
;ﻷ&WM ﺻﺎ&^ ﺗﻔﻜ
ّ
ﺮ ;ﻧ
ّ
r ;ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻒ @ﻛﻠﺘ>ﺎ ;ﻟﻤﻔﻀ
ّ
ﻠﺔ. ﺑﻌﺪ$ﻦ &;ﺣﺖ ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄQﻦ G@ﻛﻠﺖ ﻣﺴﺨ
ّ
ﻦ2 Gﺻﺎ&^ ﺗﻔﻜ
ّ
ﺮ ;ﻧ
ّ
r ;ﻟﻤﺴﺨ
ّ
ﻦ
\ﻮ @ﻛﻠﺘ>ﺎ ;ﻟﻤﻔﻀ
ّ
ﻠﺔ. ﺑﻌﺪ$ﻦ &;ﺣﺖ ﻟﻤﺼﺮ G@ﻛﻠﺖ ﻓﻮ_ ﻣﺪﻣ
ّ
ﺲ2 GﻛﺎM zQ
ّ
ﺐ ﻛﺜQﺮ2 Gﻗﺮ
ّ
&^ ;ﻧ
ّ
r ;ﻟﻔﻮ_ ;ﻟﻤﺪﻣ
ّ
ﺲ \ﻮ @ﻛﻠﺘ>ﺎ
;ﻟﻤﻔﻀ
ّ
ﻠﺔ. ﻟﻤ
ّ
ﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ Uﻣﻠﻲ؟ ;$ﺶ @ﻛﻠﺘﻚ ;ﻟﻤﻔﻀ
ّ
ﻠﺔ2 ;ﻟﻜﺒ
ّ
ﺔ ;ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧQ
ّ
ﺔ Gﻻ ;ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻒ ;ﻷ&Wﻧﻲ Gﻻ ;ﻟﻤﺴﺨ
ّ
ﻦ ;ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄQﻨﻲ Gﻻ ;ﻟﻔﻮ_