CHAPTER 14: NUTRIENTS THAT PROMOTE
GROWTH and REGULATE BODY FUNCTIONS
(Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water)
Answers to Review Questions
ANSWERS TO CHAPTER REVIEW
A. By Yourself
1. Water is a major component of all body cells. It is required for replacement, chemical
2. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins. Excess intake of these vitamins (in
3. Fruits and vegetables are high in folacin. Many food products, such as cereals, breads, and
4. Alternative non-meat protein sources include foods such as tempeh, tofu, soy milk, eggs,
5. Matching exercise
5. b 6. d 7. g
B. As a Group
1. Young children are not particularly fond of red meats which are typically high in iron
2. Alternative non-dairy calcium sources can be found in salmon, broccoli, collard greens, kale,
3. Health benefits associated with a vegetarian diet include: lowered risk of high blood pressure,
cardiovascular heart disease, type 2 diabetes, colon and breast cancer; lower BMI; and lower
4. If a person consumes a well-balanced diet he/she will most likely get all of the required
nutrients they need from the food. Vitamin supplements containing fat-soluble vitamins can
5. Several factors are contributing to increased concerns about vitamin D deficiencies among
children and adults, including: a) decreased sun exposure (this reduces the body’s ability to
produce vitamin D); b) children are drinking less milk (and more soft drinks); and c)
ANSWERS TO CASE STUDY
1. Akecheta’s diet should be monitored closely for calcium and vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
2. Symptoms of a calcium deficiency (e.g., small stature, deformed bones/rickets) would
3. Small amounts of calcium are found in foods such as canned salmon or sardines, soybean
curd (tofu), collard greens, fortified soy milk, and fortified grain products (e.g., cereals,
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Discuss the advantages of drinking a glass of orange juice with your iron-enriched breakfast
cereal.
2. Cereal A provides 100 % Daily Value of iron and costs 21 cents per serving; Cereal B
provides 25 % Daily Value of iron and costs 11 cents per serving. Is cereal A worth the extra
cost for inclusion in yourthe diet?
4. Justify programming frequent stops at the drinking fountain. Why should water be included
as part of children’s snacks?
5. What are the advantages of including alternative (non-meat) proteins in meals? What are the
disadvantages for young children?
6. In what ways do complete and incomplete proteins differ?
7. What are supplementary proteins and how are they formed?
ADDITIONAL APPLICATION ACTIVITIES
The following exercises are designed for instructors to assign as individual or group projects.
2. Visit a local restaurant and order a vegetarian dish (or prepare a new vegetarian recipe at
home). What ingredients contribute protein? Was the dish appealing and would you consider
eating it again? Comment on the experience.
4. Write a 5 day lunch menu for a five-year-old child who follows a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.