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Courtesy of CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group
A
(a) (b)
B
C
FIGURE 5.1 Wrist posture and tendon function. (a) Extreme postures can preload the nger tendons.
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B
A
C
FIGURE 5.2 Carpal tunnel. Section through the wrist showing (A) carpal bones, (B) tendons, and (C) carpal
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Tennis elbow
site
Radial
devia
tion
Radial styloid
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D
Tendon
Bursa
Humerus
Scapulohumeral
joint
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FIGURE 5.5 Precision versus power grips.
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(a) (b)
(c)
(d)
FIGURE 5.10 Redesigned tools with improved hand–handle interfaces: (a) socket wrench with T-bar for
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Quick Exposure Check (QEC)
QEC has been designed to:
assess the changes in exposure to musculoskeletal risk factors of the back, shoulders
and arms, hands and wrists, and neck before and after an ergonomic intervention
involve the practitioner (i.e. the observer) who conducts the assessment,
Worker’s name:
Worker’s job title:
Task:
Assessment conducted by:
:emiT:etaD
Action(s) required:
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Observer’s Assessment Worker’s Assessment
Workers
HIs the maximum weight handled
MANUALLY BY YOU in this task?
H1 Light (5 kg or less)
H2 Moderate (6 to 10 kg)
KWhen performing this task, is the maximum force
level exerted by one hand?
K1 Low (e.g. less than 1 kg)
K2 Medium (e.g. 1 to 4 kg)
K3 High (e.g. more than 4 kg)
LIs the visual demand of this task
L1 Low (almost no need to view fine details)?
*L2 High (need to view some fine details)?
*If High, please give details in the box below
PDo you have difficulty keeping up with this work?
P1 Never
P2 Sometimes
*P3 Often
*If Often, please give details in the box below
QIn general, how do you find this job
Q1 Not at all stressful?
Q2 Mildly stressful?
*Q3 Moderately stressful?
etaDeman s’rekroW
Back
AWhen performing the task, is the back
(select worse case situation)
A1 Almost neutral?
A2 Moderately flexed or twisted or side bent?
A3 Excessively flexed or twisted or side bent?
OR
For lifting, pushing/pulling and carrying tasks
(i.e. moving a load). Is the movement of the back
B3 Infrequent (around 3 times per minute or less)?
B4 Frequent (around 8 times per minute)?
B5 Very frequent (around 12 times per minute or more)?
Shoulder/Arm
CWhen the task is performed, are the hands
(select worse case situation)
C1 At or below waist height?
C2 At about chest height?
E1 An almost straight wrist?
E2 A deviated or bent wrist?
FAre similar motion patterns repeated
F1 10 times per minute or less?
F2 11 to 20 times per minute?
F3 More than 20 times per minute?
Neck
GWhen performing the task, is the head/neck
bent or twisted?
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Workers
Assessment
Back Posture (A) & Weight (H)
Total score for Neck
Sum of Scores 1 to 2
Back
Exposure Scores etaDeman s’rekroW
Shoulder/Arm Wrist/Hand
Driving
Neck
Work pace
Driving
A1 A2 A3
H1 246
H2 468
H3 6810
H4 81012
Score 5
B3 B4 B5
H1 246
H2 468
H3 6810
H4 81012
Score 3
J1 J2 J3
H1 246
H2 468
H3 6810
H4 81012
Score 1
Repeated Motion (F) & Force (K)
F1 F2 F3
K1 246
K2 468
K3 6810
Score 1
Neck Posture (G) & Duration (J)
G1 G2 G3
J1 246
J2 468
J3 6810
Score 3
Duration (J) & Force (K)
J1 J2 J3
K1 246
K2 468
K3 6810
Score 5
Wrist Posture (E) & Duration (J)
E1 E2
J1 24
J2 46
J3 68
Height (C) & Weight (H)
C1 C2 C3
H1 246
H2 468
H3 6810
H4 81012
Score 3
Duration (J) & Weight (H)
J1 J2 J3
H1 246
H2 468
H3 6810
H4 81012
Score 5
Frequency (D) & Duration (J)
D1 D2 D3
J1 246
J2 468
J3 6810
M1 M2 M3
149
P1 P2 P3
149
Total for Vibration
Now do ONLY 4 if static
OR 5 and 6 if manual handling
FIGURE 5.16 (Continued ) The quick exposure checklist. (Courtesy of Professor P. Buckle, University of
Surrey, UK.)
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