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A B C D E F G H I
12/9/2012
Situation
Chapter 2 Mini Case
Jenny Cochran, a graduate of the University of Tennessee with 4 years of experience as an equities analyst, was recently brought
in as assistant to the chairman of the board of Computron Industries, a manufacturer of computer components.
Cochrane began by gathering financial statements and other data.
Gross fixed assets 491,000$ 1,202,950$
Net plant and equipment 344,800$ 939,790$
Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable 145,600$ 324,000$
Notes payable 200,000 720,000
Long-term bonds 323,432$ 1,000,000$
Common Stock 460,000 460,000
Retained Earnings 203,768 97,632
Depreciation and amortization 116,960
Due to changes in working capital
Change in accounts receivable (280,960)
Change in inventories (572,160)
Change in accounts payable 178,400
Change in accruals 148,960
Net cash provided by operating activities (503,936)$
Investing activities
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A B C D E F G H I
Computron’s Income Statement
2012 2013
INCOME STATEMENT
Net sales 3,432,000$ 5,834,400$
Computron’s Balance Sheets
2012 2013
Assets
Cash and equivalents 9,000$ 7,282$
Short-term investments 48,600 20,000
Accounts receivable 351,200 632,160
Inventories 715,200 1,287,360
Computron’s Statement of Cash Flows
2013
Operating Activities
Net Income before preferred dividends (95,136)$
Noncash adjustments
a. (1.) What effect did the expansion have on sales and net income? Answer: See Mini Case Show.
a. (2.) What effect did the expansion have on the asset side of the balance sheet? Answer: See Mini Case Show
Cost of Goods Sold Except Depr. 2,864,000 4,980,000
Depreciation and amortization 18,900 116,960
Other Operating Expenses 340,000 720,000
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) 209,100$ 17,440$
Less interest 62,500 176,000
Taxes (40%) 58,640 (63,424)
Tax rate 40% 40%
2012 TOC = NOWC + Fixed assets
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A B C D E F G H I
Cash used to acquire fixed assets (711,950)$
Change in short-term investments 28,600
Net cash provided by investing activities (683,350)$
Financing Activities
Net Operating Profit After Taxes
Net Operating Working Capital
2013 NOWC =
Operating
current assets
–
Operating
current
liabilities
2012 NOWC =
Operating
current assets
–
Operating
current
liabilities
Total Net Operating Capital
2013 TOC = NOWC + Fixed assets
c. What is free cash flow? Why is it important? What are the five uses of FCF? Answer: See Mini Case Show.
e. What is Computron’s free cash flow (FCF)? What are Computron’s “net uses” of its FCF?
b. What do you conclude from the statement of cash flows? Answer: See Mini Case Show.
The Total OperatingCapital is Net Operating Working Capital plus any fixed assets.
d. What is Computron’s net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)? What are operating current assets? What are operating current
liabilities? How much net operating working capital and total net operating capital does Computron have?
NOPAT is the amount of profit Computron would generate if it had no debt and held no financial assets.
Those current assets used in operations are called operating current assets, and the current liabilities that result from operations
are called operating current liabilities. Net operating working capital is equal to operating current assets minus operating
current liabilities.
Change in notes payable 520,000$
Change in long-term debt 676,568
Payment of cash dividends (11,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities 1,185,568$
Net change in cash and equivilents (1,718)$
Cash and securities at beginning of the year 9,000
Payment of dividends = $11,000
Repurchase (Issue) stock = $0
Purchase (Sale) of short-term investments = -$28,600
Total uses of FCF = -$1,108,568
Earnings per share (EPS) ($0.95) $0.88
Dividends per share (DPS) $0.11 $0.22
Market Value Added
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A B C D E F G H I
Free Cash Flow
2013 FCF = NOPAT –Net Investment in Operating Capital
Uses of FCF: 2013
After-tax interest payment = $105,600
Reduction (increase) in debt =
-$1,196,568
2012 2013
Cost of Capital (WACC) 10% 10%
Return on Invested Capital
2013
ROIC =NOPAT ÷ Operating Capital
Economic Value Added
2013 EVA = NOPAT – Operating Capital x WACC
= $10,464 –$2,257,632 x10%
Year-end common stock price $8.50 $6.00
Year-end shares outstanding (in millions) 100,000 100,000
Assume that the market value of debt is equal to the book value of debt. In this case, Market Value Added (MVA) is the difference
between the market value of Computron’s stock and the amount of equity capital supplied by shareholders.
h. What happened to Computron’s market value added (MVA)?
g. What is Computron’s EVA? The after-tax cost of capital was 10 percent in both years.
f. Calculate Computron’s return on invested capital. Computron has a 10% cost of capital (WACC). Do you think Computron’s
growth added value?
The Return on Invested Capital tells us the amount of NOPAT per dollar of operating capital.
Economic Value Added represents Computron’s residual income that remains after the cost of all capital, including equity capital,
has been deducted.
Computron’s Free Cash Flow caluclation is the cash flow actually availabe for distribution to investors after the company has
made all necessary investments in fixed assets and working capital to sustain ongoing operations.
Income above base of bracket 8,000$
Tax on income above base 3,120$
ExxonMobil Yield 10%
California Yield 7%
Tax Rate 25.0%
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A B C D E F G H I
2013 MVA = Stock price x # of shares – Total common equity
2012
MVA = Stock price x # of shares – Total common equity
= $8.50 x100,000 –$663,768
Operating income = $100,000
Interest income = $5,000
Corporate Tax Rates for 2010
(1) (2) (3) (4)
$0 $50,000 $0 15.0%
Base amount of tax 22,250$
Marginal tax rate in bracket 39.0%
Taxable vs. Tax Exempt bonds
ExxonMobil bonds at 10% vs. California muni bonds at 7%
Amount to invest $5,000
Assume that the market value of debt is equal to the book value of debt. In this case, Market Value Added (MVA) is the difference
between the market value of Computron’s stock and the amount of equity capital supplied by shareholders.
i. Assume that a corporation has $100,000 of taxable income from operations plus $5,000 of interest income and $10,000 of
dividend income. What is the company’s tax liability?
j. Assume that you are in the 25 percent marginal tax bracket and that you have $5,000 to invest. You have narrowed your
investment choices down to California bonds with a yield of 7 percent or equally risky ExxonMobil bonds with a yield of 10
percent. Which one should you choose and why? At what marginal tax rate would you be indifferent to the choice between
California and ExxonMobil bonds?
It pays this
amount on the
base of the
bracket:
If a corporation’s taxable
income is between:
= $6.00 x100,000 –$557,632
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A B C D E F G H I
California = –0
Yield * (Investment)